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Ультразвуковая оценка персистирующей легочной гипертензии новорожденных
Ультразвуковая оценка персистирующей легочной гипертензии новорожденных
Тарасова А.А. Ультразвуковая оценка персистирующей легочной гипертензии новорожденных. Педиатрия. Consilium Medicum. 2025;(4):355–358. DOI: 10.26442/26586630.2025.4.203399
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Аннотация
Персистирующая легочная гипертензия новорожденных (ПЛГН) является актуальной проблемой в неонатологии и одной из основных причин неонатальной заболеваемости. В настоящее время ПЛГН – наиболее частая причина транзиторной артериальной ЛГ. ПЛГН обычно возникает сразу после рождения, сохраняется в течение 1-й недели жизни или в более поздние сроки в зависимости от степени недоношенности и незрелости легких новорожденных. Новорожденные с ПЛГН подвержены высокому риску тяжелой дыхательной недостаточности, асфиксии и ее осложнений. Ультразвуковое исследование (УЗИ) сердца является основным методом диагностики ПЛГН и имеет важное значение для целенаправленного лечения. Несмотря на существующие УЗ-показатели, ни один из них не является конечным прогностическим критерием для оценки ЛГ, в связи с чем новорожденным рекомендуется всегда проводить комплексное УЗИ сердца с учетом особенностей неонатального периода их жизни.
Ключевые слова: новорожденные, персистирующая легочная гипертензия новорожденных, функциональное состояние правого желудочка, ультразвуковое исследование сердца в неонатальном периоде, дыхательная недостаточность у новорожденных
Keywords: newborns, persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborns, functional state of the right ventricle, ultrasound examination of the heart in the neonatal period, respiratory failure in newborns
Ключевые слова: новорожденные, персистирующая легочная гипертензия новорожденных, функциональное состояние правого желудочка, ультразвуковое исследование сердца в неонатальном периоде, дыхательная недостаточность у новорожденных
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Keywords: newborns, persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborns, functional state of the right ventricle, ultrasound examination of the heart in the neonatal period, respiratory failure in newborns
Полный текст
Список литературы
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36. Levy PT, El-Khuffash A, Patel MD, et al. Maturational Patterns of Systolic Ventricular Deformation Mechanics by Two-Dimensional Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography in Preterm Infants over the First Year of Age. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2017;30(7):685-98.e1. DOI:10.1016/j.echo.2017.03.003
2. Mourani PM, Mandell EW, Meier M, et al. Early Pulmonary Vascular Disease in Preterm Infants Is Associated with Late Respiratory Outcomes in Childhood. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019;199(8):1020-107. DOI:10.1164/rccm.201803-0428OC
3. Steurer MA, Jelliffe-Pawlowski LL, Baer RJ, et al. Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn in Late Preterm and Term Infants in California. Pediatrics. 2017;139(1):e20161165. DOI:10.1542/peds.2016-1165
4. Walsh-Sukys MC, Tyson JE, Wright LL, et al. Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn in the era before nitric oxide: practice variation and outcomes. Pediatrics. 2000;105(Pt 1):14-20. DOI:10.1542/peds.105.1.14
5. van Loon RL, Roofthooft MT, Hillege HL, et al. Pediatric pulmonary hypertension in the Netherlands: epidemiology and characterization during the period 1991 to 2005. Circulation. 2011;124(16):1755-64. DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.969584
6. del Cerro Marín MJ, Sabaté Rotés A, Rodriguez Ogando A, et al. Assessing pulmonary hypertensive vascular disease in childhood. Data from the Spanish registry. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2014;190(12):1421-9. DOI:10.1164/rccm.201406-1052OC
7. Pektas A, Pektas BM, Kula S. An epidemiological study of paediatric pulmonary hypertension in Turkey. Cardiol Young. 2016;26(4):693-7. DOI:10.1017/S1047951115001043
8. Beghetti M, Berger RM, Schulze-Neick I, et al. Diagnostic evaluation of paediatric pulmonary hypertension in current clinical practice. Eur Respir J. 2013;42(3):689-700. DOI:10.1183/09031936.00140112
9. Nakanishi H, Suenaga H, Uchiyama A, et al. Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn in extremely preterm infants: a Japanese cohort study. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2018;103(6):F554-51. DOI:10.1136/archdischild-2017-313778
10. Neonatologiia: natsional'noe rukovodstvo: v 2 t. Pod red. NN Volodina, DN Degtiareva. 2-e izd., pererab. i dop. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media, 2023. T. 1 (in Russian). DOI:10.33029/9704-7828-8-NNG-2023-1-752
11. Sankaran D, Lakshminrusimha S. Pulmonary hypertension in the newborn – etiology and pathogenesis. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2022;27(4):101381. DOI:10.1016/j.siny.2022.101381
12. Martinho S, Adão R, Leite-Moreira AF, Brás-Silva C. Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn: Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Novel Therapeutic Approaches. Front Pediatr. 2020;8:342. DOI:10.3389/fped.2020.00342
13. Hansen AR, Barnés CM, Folkman J, McElrath TF. Maternal preeclampsia predicts the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. J Pediatr. 2010;156(4):532-6. DOI:10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.10.018
14. Nair J, Lakshminrusimha S. Update on PPHN: mechanisms and treatment. Semin Perinatol. 2014;38(2):78-91. DOI:10.1053/j.semperi.2013.11.004
15. Sallmon H, Koestenberger M, Avian A, et al. Extremely premature infants born at 23-25 weeks gestation are at substantial risk for pulmonary hypertension. J Perinatol. 2022;42(6):781-8. DOI:10.1038/s41372-022-01374-w
16. Hansmann G, Koestenberger M, Alastalo TP, et al. 2019 updated consensus statement on the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric pulmonary hypertension: The European Pediatric Pulmonary Vascular Disease Network (EPPVDN), endorsed by AEPC, ESPR and ISHLT. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2019;38(9):879-901. DOI:10.1016/j.healun.2019.06.022
17. Hilgendorff A, Apitz C, Bonnet D, Hansmann G. Pulmonary hypertension associated with acute or chronic lung diseases in the preterm and term neonate and infant. The European Paediatric Pulmonary Vascular Disease Network, endorsed by ISHLT and DGPK. Heart. 2016;102 (Suppl. 2):ii49-56. DOI:10.1136/heartjnl-2015-308591
18. Klaidaiter U, Potstsa RD, Khaas NA. Detskaia ekhokardiografiia. Ul'trazvukovoe issledovanie serdtsa u detei. Ul'trazvukovaia diagnostika vrozhdennykh porokov serdtsa. Per. s nem. pod red. MI Pykova, AA Tarasovoi. 2-e izd., ispr. Moscow: MEDpress-inform, 2024 (in Russian).
19. Otto KM. Klinicheskaia ekhokardiografiia. Prakticheskoe rukovodstvo. Pod obshch. red. VA Sandrikova. Moscow: Logosfera, 2019 (in Russian).
20. Koestenberger M, Apitz C, Abdul-Khaliq H, Hansmann G. Transthoracic echocardiography for the evaluation of children and adolescents with suspected or confirmed pulmonary hypertension. Expert consensus statement on the diagnosis and treatment of paediatric pulmonary hypertension. The European Paediatric Pulmonary Vascular Disease Network, endorsed by ISHLT and D6PK. Heart. 2016;102 (Suppl. 2):ii14-22. DOI:10.1136/heartjnl-2014-307200
21. More K, Soni R, Gupta S. The role of bedside functional echocardiography in the assessment and management of pulmonary hypertension. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2022;27(4):101366. DOI:10.1016/j.siny.2022.101366
22. Koestenberger M, Ravekes W, Everett AD, et al. Right ventricular function in infants, children and adolescents: reference values of the tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) in 640 healthy patients and calculation of z score values. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2009;22(6):715-9. DOI:10.1016/j.echo.2009.03.026
23. Kurath-Koller S, Avian A, Cantinotti M, et al. Normal Pediatric Values of the Subcostal Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion (S-TAPSE) and Its Value in Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension. Can J Cardiol. 2019;35(7):899-906. DOI:10.1016/j.cjca.2019.01.019
24. Malowitz JR, Forsha DE, Smith PB, et al. Right ventricular echocardiographic indices predict poor outcomes in infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2015;16(11):1224-31. DOI:10.1093/ehjci/jev071
25. Levy PT, Dioneda B, Holland MR, et al. Right ventricular function in preterm and term neonates: reference values for right ventricle areas and fractional area of change. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2015;28(5):559-69. DOI:10.1016/j.echo.2015.01.024
26. Jain A, Mohamed A, El-Khuffash A, et al. A comprehensive echocardiographic protocol for assessing neonatal right ventricular dimensions and function in the transitional period: normative data and z scores. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2014;27(12):1293-304. DOI:10.1016/j.echo.2014.08.018
27. Patel N, Mills JF, Cheung MM. Use of the myocardial performance index to assess right ventricular function in infants with pulmonary hypertension. Pediatr Cardiol. 2009;30(2):133-7. DOI:10.1007/s00246-008-9285-1
28. Aggarwal S, Natarajan G. Echocardiographic correlates of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Early Hum Dev. 2015;91(4):285-9. DOI:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2015.02.008
29. Aggarwal S, Stockman PT, Klein MD, Natarajan G. The right ventricular systolic to diastolic duration ratio: a simple prognostic marker in congenital diaphragmatic hernia? Acta Paediatr. 2011;100(10):1315-8. DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2011.02302.x
30. Sehgal A, Athikarisamy SE, Adamopoulos M. Global myocardial function is compromised in infants with pulmonary hypertension. Acta Paediatr. 2012;101(4):410-3. DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2011.02572.x
31. Patel N, Mills JF, Cheung MM. Assessment of right ventricular function using tissue Doppler imaging in infants with pulmonary hypertension. Neonatology. 2009;96(3):193-9. DOI:10.1159/000215585
32. Sciomer S, Magrì D, Badagliacca R. Non-invasive assessment of pulmonary hypertension: Doppler-echocardiography. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2007;20(2):135-40. DOI:10.1016/j.pupt.2006.03.008
33. Le Duc K, Rakza T, Baudelet JB, et al. Diastolic ventricular function in persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Front Pediatr. 2023;11:1175178. DOI:10.3389/fped.2023.1175178
34. Levy PT, Holland MR, Sekarski TJ, et al. Feasibility and reproducibility of systolic right ventricular strain measurement by speckle-tracking echocardiography in premature infants. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2013;26(10):1201-23. DOI:10.1016/j.echo.2013.06.005
35. Hasan H, Chouvarine P, Diekmann F, et al. Validation of the new paediatric pulmonary hypertension risk score by CMR and speckle tracking echocardiography. Eur J Clin Invest. 2022;52(11):e13835. DOI:10.1111/eci.13835
36. Levy PT, El-Khuffash A, Patel MD, et al. Maturational Patterns of Systolic Ventricular Deformation Mechanics by Two-Dimensional Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography in Preterm Infants over the First Year of Age. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2017;30(7):685-98.e1. DOI:10.1016/j.echo.2017.03.003
2. Mourani PM, Mandell EW, Meier M, et al. Early Pulmonary Vascular Disease in Preterm Infants Is Associated with Late Respiratory Outcomes in Childhood. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019;199(8):1020-107. DOI:10.1164/rccm.201803-0428OC
3. Steurer MA, Jelliffe-Pawlowski LL, Baer RJ, et al. Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn in Late Preterm and Term Infants in California. Pediatrics. 2017;139(1):e20161165. DOI:10.1542/peds.2016-1165
4. Walsh-Sukys MC, Tyson JE, Wright LL, et al. Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn in the era before nitric oxide: practice variation and outcomes. Pediatrics. 2000;105(Pt 1):14-20. DOI:10.1542/peds.105.1.14
5. van Loon RL, Roofthooft MT, Hillege HL, et al. Pediatric pulmonary hypertension in the Netherlands: epidemiology and characterization during the period 1991 to 2005. Circulation. 2011;124(16):1755-64. DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.969584
6. del Cerro Marín MJ, Sabaté Rotés A, Rodriguez Ogando A, et al. Assessing pulmonary hypertensive vascular disease in childhood. Data from the Spanish registry. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2014;190(12):1421-9. DOI:10.1164/rccm.201406-1052OC
7. Pektas A, Pektas BM, Kula S. An epidemiological study of paediatric pulmonary hypertension in Turkey. Cardiol Young. 2016;26(4):693-7. DOI:10.1017/S1047951115001043
8. Beghetti M, Berger RM, Schulze-Neick I, et al. Diagnostic evaluation of paediatric pulmonary hypertension in current clinical practice. Eur Respir J. 2013;42(3):689-700. DOI:10.1183/09031936.00140112
9. Nakanishi H, Suenaga H, Uchiyama A, et al. Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn in extremely preterm infants: a Japanese cohort study. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2018;103(6):F554-51. DOI:10.1136/archdischild-2017-313778
10. Неонатология: национальное руководство: в 2 т. Под ред. Н.Н. Володина, Д.Н. Дегтярева. 2-е изд., перераб. и доп. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2023. Т. 1 [Neonatologiia: natsional'noe rukovodstvo: v 2 t. Pod red. NN Volodina, DN Degtiareva. 2-e izd., pererab. i dop. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media, 2023. T. 1 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.33029/9704-7828-8-NNG-2023-1-752
11. Sankaran D, Lakshminrusimha S. Pulmonary hypertension in the newborn – etiology and pathogenesis. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2022;27(4):101381. DOI:10.1016/j.siny.2022.101381
12. Martinho S, Adão R, Leite-Moreira AF, Brás-Silva C. Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn: Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Novel Therapeutic Approaches. Front Pediatr. 2020;8:342. DOI:10.3389/fped.2020.00342
13. Hansen AR, Barnés CM, Folkman J, McElrath TF. Maternal preeclampsia predicts the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. J Pediatr. 2010;156(4):532-6. DOI:10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.10.018
14. Nair J, Lakshminrusimha S. Update on PPHN: mechanisms and treatment. Semin Perinatol. 2014;38(2):78-91. DOI:10.1053/j.semperi.2013.11.004
15. Sallmon H, Koestenberger M, Avian A, et al. Extremely premature infants born at 23-25 weeks gestation are at substantial risk for pulmonary hypertension. J Perinatol. 2022;42(6):781-8. DOI:10.1038/s41372-022-01374-w
16. Hansmann G, Koestenberger M, Alastalo TP, et al. 2019 updated consensus statement on the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric pulmonary hypertension: The European Pediatric Pulmonary Vascular Disease Network (EPPVDN), endorsed by AEPC, ESPR and ISHLT. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2019;38(9):879-901. DOI:10.1016/j.healun.2019.06.022
17. Hilgendorff A, Apitz C, Bonnet D, Hansmann G. Pulmonary hypertension associated with acute or chronic lung diseases in the preterm and term neonate and infant. The European Paediatric Pulmonary Vascular Disease Network, endorsed by ISHLT and DGPK. Heart. 2016;102 (Suppl. 2):ii49-56. DOI:10.1136/heartjnl-2015-308591
18. Клайдайтер У., Поцца Р.Д., Хаас Н.А. Детская эхокардиография. Ультразвуковое исследование сердца у детей. Ультразвуковая диагностика врожденных пороков сердца. Пер. с нем. под ред. М.И. Пыкова, А.А. Тарасовой. 2-е изд., испр. М.: МЕДпресс-информ, 2024 [Klaidaiter U, Potstsa RD, Khaas NA. Detskaia ekhokardiografiia. Ul'trazvukovoe issledovanie serdtsa u detei. Ul'trazvukovaia diagnostika vrozhdennykh porokov serdtsa. Per. s nem. pod red. MI Pykova, AA Tarasovoi. 2-e izd., ispr. Moscow: MEDpress-inform, 2024 (in Russian)].
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21. More K, Soni R, Gupta S. The role of bedside functional echocardiography in the assessment and management of pulmonary hypertension. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2022;27(4):101366. DOI:10.1016/j.siny.2022.101366
22. Koestenberger M, Ravekes W, Everett AD, et al. Right ventricular function in infants, children and adolescents: reference values of the tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) in 640 healthy patients and calculation of z score values. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2009;22(6):715-9. DOI:10.1016/j.echo.2009.03.026
23. Kurath-Koller S, Avian A, Cantinotti M, et al. Normal Pediatric Values of the Subcostal Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion (S-TAPSE) and Its Value in Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension. Can J Cardiol. 2019;35(7):899-906. DOI:10.1016/j.cjca.2019.01.019
24. Malowitz JR, Forsha DE, Smith PB, et al. Right ventricular echocardiographic indices predict poor outcomes in infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2015;16(11):1224-31. DOI:10.1093/ehjci/jev071
25. Levy PT, Dioneda B, Holland MR, et al. Right ventricular function in preterm and term neonates: reference values for right ventricle areas and fractional area of change. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2015;28(5):559-69. DOI:10.1016/j.echo.2015.01.024
26. Jain A, Mohamed A, El-Khuffash A, et al. A comprehensive echocardiographic protocol for assessing neonatal right ventricular dimensions and function in the transitional period: normative data and z scores. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2014;27(12):1293-304. DOI:10.1016/j.echo.2014.08.018
27. Patel N, Mills JF, Cheung MM. Use of the myocardial performance index to assess right ventricular function in infants with pulmonary hypertension. Pediatr Cardiol. 2009;30(2):133-7. DOI:10.1007/s00246-008-9285-1
28. Aggarwal S, Natarajan G. Echocardiographic correlates of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Early Hum Dev. 2015;91(4):285-9. DOI:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2015.02.008
29. Aggarwal S, Stockman PT, Klein MD, Natarajan G. The right ventricular systolic to diastolic duration ratio: a simple prognostic marker in congenital diaphragmatic hernia? Acta Paediatr. 2011;100(10):1315-8. DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2011.02302.x
30. Sehgal A, Athikarisamy SE, Adamopoulos M. Global myocardial function is compromised in infants with pulmonary hypertension. Acta Paediatr. 2012;101(4):410-3. DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2011.02572.x
31. Patel N, Mills JF, Cheung MM. Assessment of right ventricular function using tissue Doppler imaging in infants with pulmonary hypertension. Neonatology. 2009;96(3):193-9. DOI:10.1159/000215585
32. Sciomer S, Magrì D, Badagliacca R. Non-invasive assessment of pulmonary hypertension: Doppler-echocardiography. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2007;20(2):135-40. DOI:10.1016/j.pupt.2006.03.008
33. Le Duc K, Rakza T, Baudelet JB, et al. Diastolic ventricular function in persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Front Pediatr. 2023;11:1175178. DOI:10.3389/fped.2023.1175178
34. Levy PT, Holland MR, Sekarski TJ, et al. Feasibility and reproducibility of systolic right ventricular strain measurement by speckle-tracking echocardiography in premature infants. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2013;26(10):1201-23. DOI:10.1016/j.echo.2013.06.005
35. Hasan H, Chouvarine P, Diekmann F, et al. Validation of the new paediatric pulmonary hypertension risk score by CMR and speckle tracking echocardiography. Eur J Clin Invest. 2022;52(11):e13835. DOI:10.1111/eci.13835
36. Levy PT, El-Khuffash A, Patel MD, et al. Maturational Patterns of Systolic Ventricular Deformation Mechanics by Two-Dimensional Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography in Preterm Infants over the First Year of Age. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2017;30(7):685-98.e1. DOI:10.1016/j.echo.2017.03.003
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15. Sallmon H, Koestenberger M, Avian A, et al. Extremely premature infants born at 23-25 weeks gestation are at substantial risk for pulmonary hypertension. J Perinatol. 2022;42(6):781-8. DOI:10.1038/s41372-022-01374-w
16. Hansmann G, Koestenberger M, Alastalo TP, et al. 2019 updated consensus statement on the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric pulmonary hypertension: The European Pediatric Pulmonary Vascular Disease Network (EPPVDN), endorsed by AEPC, ESPR and ISHLT. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2019;38(9):879-901. DOI:10.1016/j.healun.2019.06.022
17. Hilgendorff A, Apitz C, Bonnet D, Hansmann G. Pulmonary hypertension associated with acute or chronic lung diseases in the preterm and term neonate and infant. The European Paediatric Pulmonary Vascular Disease Network, endorsed by ISHLT and DGPK. Heart. 2016;102 (Suppl. 2):ii49-56. DOI:10.1136/heartjnl-2015-308591
18. Klaidaiter U, Potstsa RD, Khaas NA. Detskaia ekhokardiografiia. Ul'trazvukovoe issledovanie serdtsa u detei. Ul'trazvukovaia diagnostika vrozhdennykh porokov serdtsa. Per. s nem. pod red. MI Pykova, AA Tarasovoi. 2-e izd., ispr. Moscow: MEDpress-inform, 2024 (in Russian).
19. Otto KM. Klinicheskaia ekhokardiografiia. Prakticheskoe rukovodstvo. Pod obshch. red. VA Sandrikova. Moscow: Logosfera, 2019 (in Russian).
20. Koestenberger M, Apitz C, Abdul-Khaliq H, Hansmann G. Transthoracic echocardiography for the evaluation of children and adolescents with suspected or confirmed pulmonary hypertension. Expert consensus statement on the diagnosis and treatment of paediatric pulmonary hypertension. The European Paediatric Pulmonary Vascular Disease Network, endorsed by ISHLT and D6PK. Heart. 2016;102 (Suppl. 2):ii14-22. DOI:10.1136/heartjnl-2014-307200
21. More K, Soni R, Gupta S. The role of bedside functional echocardiography in the assessment and management of pulmonary hypertension. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2022;27(4):101366. DOI:10.1016/j.siny.2022.101366
22. Koestenberger M, Ravekes W, Everett AD, et al. Right ventricular function in infants, children and adolescents: reference values of the tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) in 640 healthy patients and calculation of z score values. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2009;22(6):715-9. DOI:10.1016/j.echo.2009.03.026
23. Kurath-Koller S, Avian A, Cantinotti M, et al. Normal Pediatric Values of the Subcostal Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion (S-TAPSE) and Its Value in Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension. Can J Cardiol. 2019;35(7):899-906. DOI:10.1016/j.cjca.2019.01.019
24. Malowitz JR, Forsha DE, Smith PB, et al. Right ventricular echocardiographic indices predict poor outcomes in infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2015;16(11):1224-31. DOI:10.1093/ehjci/jev071
25. Levy PT, Dioneda B, Holland MR, et al. Right ventricular function in preterm and term neonates: reference values for right ventricle areas and fractional area of change. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2015;28(5):559-69. DOI:10.1016/j.echo.2015.01.024
26. Jain A, Mohamed A, El-Khuffash A, et al. A comprehensive echocardiographic protocol for assessing neonatal right ventricular dimensions and function in the transitional period: normative data and z scores. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2014;27(12):1293-304. DOI:10.1016/j.echo.2014.08.018
27. Patel N, Mills JF, Cheung MM. Use of the myocardial performance index to assess right ventricular function in infants with pulmonary hypertension. Pediatr Cardiol. 2009;30(2):133-7. DOI:10.1007/s00246-008-9285-1
28. Aggarwal S, Natarajan G. Echocardiographic correlates of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Early Hum Dev. 2015;91(4):285-9. DOI:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2015.02.008
29. Aggarwal S, Stockman PT, Klein MD, Natarajan G. The right ventricular systolic to diastolic duration ratio: a simple prognostic marker in congenital diaphragmatic hernia? Acta Paediatr. 2011;100(10):1315-8. DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2011.02302.x
30. Sehgal A, Athikarisamy SE, Adamopoulos M. Global myocardial function is compromised in infants with pulmonary hypertension. Acta Paediatr. 2012;101(4):410-3. DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2011.02572.x
31. Patel N, Mills JF, Cheung MM. Assessment of right ventricular function using tissue Doppler imaging in infants with pulmonary hypertension. Neonatology. 2009;96(3):193-9. DOI:10.1159/000215585
32. Sciomer S, Magrì D, Badagliacca R. Non-invasive assessment of pulmonary hypertension: Doppler-echocardiography. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2007;20(2):135-40. DOI:10.1016/j.pupt.2006.03.008
33. Le Duc K, Rakza T, Baudelet JB, et al. Diastolic ventricular function in persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Front Pediatr. 2023;11:1175178. DOI:10.3389/fped.2023.1175178
34. Levy PT, Holland MR, Sekarski TJ, et al. Feasibility and reproducibility of systolic right ventricular strain measurement by speckle-tracking echocardiography in premature infants. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2013;26(10):1201-23. DOI:10.1016/j.echo.2013.06.005
35. Hasan H, Chouvarine P, Diekmann F, et al. Validation of the new paediatric pulmonary hypertension risk score by CMR and speckle tracking echocardiography. Eur J Clin Invest. 2022;52(11):e13835. DOI:10.1111/eci.13835
36. Levy PT, El-Khuffash A, Patel MD, et al. Maturational Patterns of Systolic Ventricular Deformation Mechanics by Two-Dimensional Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography in Preterm Infants over the First Year of Age. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2017;30(7):685-98.e1. DOI:10.1016/j.echo.2017.03.003
Авторы
А.А. Тарасова*
ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России, Москва, Российская Федерация
*tarasova-aa@yandex.ru
Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation
*tarasova-aa@yandex.ru
ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России, Москва, Российская Федерация
*tarasova-aa@yandex.ru
________________________________________________
Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation
*tarasova-aa@yandex.ru
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