В ряде рекомендаций (NICE, JNC-8, ASH/ISH) по лечению артериальной гипертензии (АГ) β-адреноблокаторы (β-АБ) отнесены на 3–4-е место среди прочих антигипертензивных препаратов (АГП), так как результаты различных метаанализов свидетельствуют об их меньшей антигипертензивной активности в сравнении с другими классами препаратов, худшем влиянии на жесткие конечные точки (особенно у лиц старше 60 лет), повышении риска развития сахарного диабета (прежде всего в комбинации с тиазидными диуретиками), негативном влиянии на эластичность аорты. Однако «новые» β-АБ по ряду ключевых для АГП характеристик (кардиоселективность, амфифильность, длительность действия, метаболическая нейтральность и т.д.) занимают лидирующие позиции. Бисопролол может рассматриваться как препарат выбора у пациентов с АГ в сочетании с ишемической болезнью сердца (стабильной стенокардией), особенно при тенденции к увеличению частоты сердечных сокращений, у больных с хронической сердечной недостаточностью, причем он эффективен как у пожилых (старше 60 лет), так и у более молодых больных (моложе 60 лет).
According to the different recommendations (NICE, JNC-8, ASH/ISH) concerning the treatment of AH, b-blockers are in 3rd–4th place among the other antihypertensive drugs (AHD), because the results of various meta-analyses show that their antihypertensive activity was less potent in comparison with other classes of drugs, their worst impact on hard endpoints (especially in people over 60). The application of beta-blockers can increase the risk of diabetes mellitus (especially in combination of thiazide-type diuretics) and shows negative effects on aortic elasticity. However, "new" b-blockers occupy leading positions because of number of main AHD characteristics (cardioselectivity, amphiphilicity, duration of action, metabolic neutrality, etc.). Bisoprolol can be regarded as the drug of choice in patients with AH associated with ischemic heart disease (stable angina), especially with the trend towards high heart rate, and in patients with chronic heart failure. Bisoprolol is effective both in elderly patients (people over 60) and in younger one (younger than 60).
1. Alderman MH, Cohen H, Madhavan S. Diabetes and cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients. Hypertension 1999; 33: 1130–4.
2. Bradley HA, Wiysonge CS, Volmink JA et al. How strong is the evidence for use of beta-blockers as first-line therapy for hypertension? Systematic review and meta-analysi. J Hypertension 2006; 24: 2131–41.
3. Elliott WJ, Meyer PM. Incident diabetes in clinical trials of antihypertensive drugs: a network meta-analysis. Lancet. 2007; 369: 201–7.
4. Lindholm LH, Carlberg B, Samuelsson O. Shoud b-blockers first chouse in the treatment of primary hypertension? A meta-analisys. Lancet 2005; 366: 1545–53.
5. Mancia G, Grassi G, Zanchetti A. New-onset diabetes and antihypertensive drugs. J Hypertens 2006; 24: 3–10.
6. Julius S et al. Usefulness of heart rate to predict cardiac events in treated patients with high-risk systemic hypertension. Am J Cardiol 2012; 109 (5): 685–92.
7. Poulter NR, Dobson JE, Sever PS et al. Baseline heart rate, antihypertensive treatment, and prevention of cardiovascular outcomes in ASCOT (Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial). J Am Coll Cardiol 2009; 54: 1154–61.
8. Okin PM et al. All-cause and cardiovascular mortality in relation to changing heart rate during treatment of hypertensive patients with electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy. Eur Heart J 2010; 31: 2271–9.
9. Mengden T, Vettr W. The efficacy of bisoprolol in the treatment of hypertension. Rev Contemp Pharmacother 1997; 8: 55–67.
10. Amabile G, Serradimigni A. Comparison of bisoprolol with nifedipine for treatment of essential hypertension in the elderly: comparative double-blind tria. Eur Heart J 1987; 8 (Suppl. M): 65–9.
11. Haasis R, Bethge H. Exercise blood pressure and heart rate reduction 24 and 3 hours after drug intake in hypertensive patients following 4 weeks of trearment with bisoprolol and metoprolol: a randomized multicentre double-blind study (BISOMET). Eur Heart J 1987; 8: 103–13.
12. Buhtel FR, Berglund G, Anderson OK et al. Smoking status and cardioselective beta-blocade antihypertensive therapy: the Bisoprolol International Multicentre Study (BIMS). J Hypertens 1986; 4: 144–6.
13. Подзолков В.И., Осадчий К.К. Рациональный выбор бета-адреноблокатора для лечения артериальной гипертензии: фокус на Бисогамму. РМЖ. 2008; 16 (16): 4–8. / Podzolkov V.I., Osadchii K.K. Ratsional'nyi vybor beta-adrenoblokatora dlia lecheniia arterial'noi gipertenzii: fokus na Bisogammu. RMZh. 2008; 16 (16): 4–8. [in Russian]
14. Teresa E, Gonzdlez M, Camacho-Vazquez C, Tabuenca M. Effect of bisoprolol on left ventricular hypertrophy in essential hypertension. Cardiovasc Drugsther 1994; 8: 837–43.
15. Broekman CP, Haensel SM, Van de Ven LL, Slob AK. Bisoprolol and hypertension: effects on sexual functioning in men. J Sex Marital Ther 1992; 29: 325–31.
16. Prisant LM, Weir MR, Frishman WH et al. Self Reported Sexual Dysfunction in Men and Women Treated With Bisoprolol, Hydrochlorothiazide, Enalapril, Amlodipine, Placebo, or Bisoprolol/Hydrochlorothiazide. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 1999; 1 (1): 22–6.
17. Леонова М.В. Бета-блокаторы и органопротекция при артериальной гипертонии. Клин. фармакология и терапия. 2012; 21 (3): 26–30. / Leonova M.V. Beta-blokatory i organoprotektsiia pri arterial'noi gipertonii. Klin. farmakologiia i terapiia. 2012; 21 (3): 26–30. [in Russian]
18. Brode O-E. The pharmacology of bisoprolol. Rev Contemp Pharmacother 1997; 8: 21–33.
19. Остроумова О.Д., Максимов М.Л. Возможности применения высокоселективных бета-адреноблокаторов у больных с сопутствующими заболеваниями. Consilium Medicum. 2012; 14 (1): 721–5. / Ostroumova O.D., Maksimov M.L. Vozmozhnosti primeneniia vysokoselektivnykh beta-adrenoblokatorov u bol'nykh s soputstvuiushchimi zabolevaniiami. Consilium Medicum. 2012; 14 (1): 721–5. [in Russian]
20. Janka HU et al. Influence of bisoprolol on blood glucose, glucosuria and haemoglobin AL in non–insulindependent diabetics. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1986; 8 (Suppl. 11): 96.
21. The Task Force on Beta-Blockers of the European Society of Cardiology. Expert consensus document on b-adrenergic receptor blockers. Eur Heart J 2004; 25: 1341–62.
22. Frishman WH, Burris Jf, Mroczek WJ et al. First–line therapy with low-dose Bisoprolol fumarate and lowe-dose Hydrochlorothiazide in patients with stage I and stage II systemic hypertension. J Clin Pharmacol 1995; 35: 182–8.
23. Семенов А.В., Кукес В.Г. Клинико-фармакологические аспекты применения бисопролола. РМЖ. 2007; 15 (15): 38–43. / Semenov A.V., Kukes V.G. Kliniko-farmakologicheskie aspekty primeneniia bisoprolola. RMZh. 2007; 15 (15): 38–43. [in Russian]
________________________________________________
1. Alderman MH, Cohen H, Madhavan S. Diabetes and cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients. Hypertension 1999; 33: 1130–4.
2. Bradley HA, Wiysonge CS, Volmink JA et al. How strong is the evidence for use of beta-blockers as first-line therapy for hypertension? Systematic review and meta-analysi. J Hypertension 2006; 24: 2131–41.
3. Elliott WJ, Meyer PM. Incident diabetes in clinical trials of antihypertensive drugs: a network meta-analysis. Lancet. 2007; 369: 201–7.
4. Lindholm LH, Carlberg B, Samuelsson O. Shoud b-blockers first chouse in the treatment of primary hypertension? A meta-analisys. Lancet 2005; 366: 1545–53.
5. Mancia G, Grassi G, Zanchetti A. New-onset diabetes and antihypertensive drugs. J Hypertens 2006; 24: 3–10.
6. Julius S et al. Usefulness of heart rate to predict cardiac events in treated patients with high-risk systemic hypertension. Am J Cardiol 2012; 109 (5): 685–92.
7. Poulter NR, Dobson JE, Sever PS et al. Baseline heart rate, antihypertensive treatment, and prevention of cardiovascular outcomes in ASCOT (Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial). J Am Coll Cardiol 2009; 54: 1154–61.
8. Okin PM et al. All-cause and cardiovascular mortality in relation to changing heart rate during treatment of hypertensive patients with electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy. Eur Heart J 2010; 31: 2271–9.
9. Mengden T, Vettr W. The efficacy of bisoprolol in the treatment of hypertension. Rev Contemp Pharmacother 1997; 8: 55–67.
10. Amabile G, Serradimigni A. Comparison of bisoprolol with nifedipine for treatment of essential hypertension in the elderly: comparative double-blind tria. Eur Heart J 1987; 8 (Suppl. M): 65–9.
11. Haasis R, Bethge H. Exercise blood pressure and heart rate reduction 24 and 3 hours after drug intake in hypertensive patients following 4 weeks of trearment with bisoprolol and metoprolol: a randomized multicentre double-blind study (BISOMET). Eur Heart J 1987; 8: 103–13.
12. Buhtel FR, Berglund G, Anderson OK et al. Smoking status and cardioselective beta-blocade antihypertensive therapy: the Bisoprolol International Multicentre Study (BIMS). J Hypertens 1986; 4: 144–6.
13. Podzolkov V.I., Osadchii K.K. Ratsional'nyi vybor beta-adrenoblokatora dlia lecheniia arterial'noi gipertenzii: fokus na Bisogammu. RMZh. 2008; 16 (16): 4–8. [in Russian]
14. Teresa E, Gonzdlez M, Camacho-Vazquez C, Tabuenca M. Effect of bisoprolol on left ventricular hypertrophy in essential hypertension. Cardiovasc Drugsther 1994; 8: 837–43.
15. Broekman CP, Haensel SM, Van de Ven LL, Slob AK. Bisoprolol and hypertension: effects on sexual functioning in men. J Sex Marital Ther 1992; 29: 325–31.
16. Prisant LM, Weir MR, Frishman WH et al. Self Reported Sexual Dysfunction in Men and Women Treated With Bisoprolol, Hydrochlorothiazide, Enalapril, Amlodipine, Placebo, or Bisoprolol/Hydrochlorothiazide. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 1999; 1 (1): 22–6.
17. Leonova M.V. Beta-blokatory i organoprotektsiia pri arterial'noi gipertonii. Klin. farmakologiia i terapiia. 2012; 21 (3): 26–30. [in Russian]
18. Brode O-E. The pharmacology of bisoprolol. Rev Contemp Pharmacother 1997; 8: 21–33.
19. Ostroumova O.D., Maksimov M.L. Vozmozhnosti primeneniia vysokoselektivnykh beta-adrenoblokatorov u bol'nykh s soputstvuiushchimi zabolevaniiami. Consilium Medicum. 2012; 14 (1): 721–5. [in Russian]
20. Janka HU et al. Influence of bisoprolol on blood glucose, glucosuria and haemoglobin AL in non–insulindependent diabetics. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1986; 8 (Suppl. 11): 96.
21. The Task Force on Beta-Blockers of the European Society of Cardiology. Expert consensus document on b-adrenergic receptor blockers. Eur Heart J 2004; 25: 1341–62.
22. Frishman WH, Burris Jf, Mroczek WJ et al. First–line therapy with low-dose Bisoprolol fumarate and lowe-dose Hydrochlorothiazide in patients with stage I and stage II systemic hypertension. J Clin Pharmacol 1995; 35: 182–8.
23. Semenov A.V., Kukes V.G. Kliniko-farmakologicheskie aspekty primeneniia bisoprolola. RMZh. 2007; 15 (15): 38–43. [in Russian]
Авторы
С.В.Недогода
ФГБОУ ВО Волгоградский государственный медицинский университет Минздрава России. 400131, Россия, Волгоград, пл. Павших Борцов, д. 1
*nedogodasv@rambler.ru
________________________________________________
S.V.Nedogoda
Volgograd State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 400131, Russian Federation, Volgograd, pl. Pavshikh Bortsov, d. 1
*nedogodasv@rambler.ru