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b-Адреноблокаторы и реальная клиническая практика в России: пропасть между пониманием доз b-адреноблокаторов и последующим прогнозом у больных с сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями
b-Адреноблокаторы и реальная клиническая практика в России: пропасть между пониманием доз b-адреноблокаторов и последующим прогнозом у больных с сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями
Фомин И.В., Поляков Д.С. b-Адреноблокаторы и реальная клиническая практика в России: пропасть между пониманием доз b-адреноблокаторов и последующим прогнозом у больных с сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями. Системные гипертензии. 2017; 14 (3): 36–41. DOI: 10.26442/2075-082X_14.3.36-41
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Аннотация
Представлен анализ приема b-адреноблокаторов (b-АБ) в трех эпидемиологических срезах исследования ЭПОХА. Респонденты в каждом срезе (2002, 2007, 2017 г.) были стратифицированы на 5 подгрупп: страдающие только артериальной гипертензией – АГ (подгруппа АГ), больные со стабильной стенокардией, но в анамнезе и клинически нет подтверждения острого инфаркта миокарда – ОИМ и хронической сердечной недостаточности – ХСН (подгруппа ишемической болезни сердца – ИБС); перенесшие ИМ, но не имеющие выраженных клинических проявлений ХСН (подгруппа ИМ); пациенты, сформировавшие ХСН по любой причине, но не имеющие в анамнезе ОИМ (подгруппа ХСН), и пациенты, имеющие клинические проявления ХСН после перенесенного ОИМ в анамнезе (подгруппа ИМ+ХСН). За 15 лет в Российской Федерации частота приема b-АБ увеличилась с 20% в разделе сердечно-сосудистой патологии до 30%. Наиболее чувствительными к применению b-АБ оказались пациенты с перенесенным ОИМ и ХСН. Пролонгированные b-АБ начали использоваться на популяционном уровне только в 2007 г., но частота приемов при любой сердечно-сосудистой патологии не превышает 50% порога, а достижение цели (контроля частоты сердечных сокращений) не превышает 10% уровня при любой патологии. Такая зависимость связана с приемом низких доз b-АБ. Ни в одном случае доза b-АБ не превышала 50% рекомендованной, что может быть отдельной причиной сердечно-сосудистой смертности на популяционном уровне в РФ.
Ключевые слова: b-адреноблокаторы, сердечно-сосудистые заболевания, эффективность лечения.
Key words: beta-blockers, cardiovascular disease, the efficacy of treatment.
Ключевые слова: b-адреноблокаторы, сердечно-сосудистые заболевания, эффективность лечения.
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Key words: beta-blockers, cardiovascular disease, the efficacy of treatment.
Полный текст
Список литературы
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2. Беленков Ю.Н., Мареев В.Ю., Агеев Ф.Т. и др. Этиологические причины формирования ХСН в европейской части Российской Федерации (госпитальный этап). Сердечная недостаточность. 2011; 12 (6): 333–8. / Belenkov Iu.N., Mareev V.Iu., Ageev F.T. i dr. Etiologicheskie prichiny formirovaniia KhSN v evropeiskoi chasti Rossiiskoi Federatsii (gospital'nyi etap). Serdechnaia nedostatochnost'. 2011; 12 (6): 333–8. [in Russian]
3. Bangalore S, Steg G, Deedwania P et al. Beta-Blocker Use and Clinical Outcomes in Stable Outpatients With and Without Coronary Artery Disease. JAMA 2012; 308 (13): 1340–9.
4. Freemantle N, Cleland J, Young P et al. Beta blockade after myocardial infarction: systematic review and meta regression analysis. BMJ 1999; 318 (7200): 1730–7.
5. Major outcomes in moderately hypercholesterolemic, hypertensive patients randomized to pravastatin vs usual care: The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT-LLT). JAMA 2002; 288 (23): 2998–3007.
6. Steg PG, James SK, Atar D et al. Task Force on the management of ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). ESC Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation. Eur Heart J 2012; 33: 2569–619. DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ ehs215
7. Puymirat E, Riant E, Aissoui N et al. β blockers and mortality after myocardial infarction in patients without heart failure: multicentre prospective cohort study. BMJ 2016; 354: i4801 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i4801.
8. Chen ZM, Pan HC, Chen YP et al. COMMIT (ClOpidogrel and Metoprolol in Myocardial Infarction Trial) collaborative group. Early intravenous then oral metoprolol in 45,852 patients with acute myocardial infarction: randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2005; 366: 1622–32. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67661-1
9. Yang JH, Hahn JY, Song YB et al. Association of beta-blocker therapy at discharge with clinical outcomes in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. JACC: Cardiovasc Inter 2014; 7 (6): 592–601.
10. Huang BT, Huang FY , Zuo ZL et al. Meta-Analysis of Relation Between Oral β-Blocker Therapy and Outcomes in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction Who Underwent Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Am J Cardiol 2015; 115 (11): 1529–38. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard
11. Quint JK, Herrett E, Bhaskaran K et al. Effect of β blockers on mortality after myocardial infarction in adults with COPD: population based cohort study of UK electronic healthcare records. BMJ 2013; 347: f6650.
12. Anderson JL, Adams CD, Antman EM et al. 2012 ACCF/AHA focused update incorporated into the ACCF/AHA 2007 guidelines for the management of patients with unstable angina/non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013; 61: e179-347. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2013.01.014
13. O’Gara PT, Kushner FG, Ascheim DD et al. American College of Emergency Physicians Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions. 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013; 61: e78-140. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.11.019
14. Ibanez B, James S, Agewall S et al. 2017 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation. Eur Heart J 2017; 00: 1–66. DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehx393
15. Chatterjee S, Chaudhuri D, Vedanthan R et al. Early intravenous beta-blockers in patients with acute coronarysyndrome a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Int J Cardiol 2013; 168 (2): 915–21.
16. Ibanez B, Macaya C, Sanchez-Brunete V et al. Effect of early metoprolol on infarct size in ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention: the Effect of Metoprolol in Cardioprotection During an Acute Myocardial Infarction (METOCARD-CNIC) trial. Circulation 2013; 128 (14): 1495–503.
17. Pizarro G, Fernandez-Friera L, Fuster V et al. Long-term benefit of early pre-reperfusion metoprolol administration in patients with acute myocardial infarction: results from the METOCARD-CNIC trial (Effect of Metoprolol in Cardioprotection During an Acute Myocardial Infarction). J Am Coll Cardiol 2014; 63 (22): 2356–62.
18. Roolvink V, Ibanez B, Ottervanger JP et al. EARLY-BAMI Investigators. Early intravenous beta-blockers in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction before primary percutaneous coronary intervention. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016; 67 (23): 2705–15.
19. Goldberger JJ, Bonow RO, Cuffe M et al. OBTAIN Investigators. Effect of beta-blocker dose on survival after acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 66 (13): 1431–41.
20. Dargie HJ. Effect of carvedilol on outcome after myocardial infarction in patients with left-ventricular dysfunction: the CAPRICORN randomised trial. Lancet 2001; 357 (9266): 1385–90.
21. The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study II (CIBIS-II): a randomised trial. Lancet 1999; 353 (9146): 9–13.
22. Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL Randomised Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT-HF). Lancet 1999; 353 (9169): 2001–7.
23. Flather MD, Shibata MC, Coats AJ et al. SENIORS Investigators. Randomized trial to determine the effect of nebivolol on mortality and cardiovascular hospital admission in elderly patientswith heart failure (SENIORS). Eur Heart J 2005; 26 (3): 215–25.
24. Kleinrock M. The Use of Medicines in the United States: Review of 2011. IMS Health, National Prescription Audit, Dec 2011; р 44.
25. ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012. Eur Heart J 2012; 33: 1787–847.
26. Wikstrand J, Hjalmarson A, Waagstein F et al., MERIT-HF Study Group. Dose of metoprolol CR/XL and clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure: analysis of the experience in Metoprolol CR/XL Randomized Intervention Trial in Chronic Heart Failure (MERIT-HF). J Am Coll Cardiol 2002; 40: 491–8.
27. Gheorghiade M, De Luca L, Fonarow GC et al. Pathophysiologic targets in the early phase of acute heart failure syndromes. Am J Cardiol 2005; 96 (6A): 11G–17G.
28. Huang RL, Listerman J, Goring J et al. Beta-blocker therapy for heart failure: Should the therapeutic target be dose or heart rate reduction? Congest Heart Fail 2006; 12: 206–10.
29. Gullestad L, Wikstrand J, Deedwania P et al., MERIT-HF Study Group. What resting heart rate should one aim for when treating patients with heart failure with a beta-blocker? Experiences from the Metoprolol Controlled Release/Extended Release Randomized Intervention Trial in Chronic Heart Failure (MERIT-HF). J Am Coll Cardiol 2005; 45: 252–9.
30. Heart Failure Society Of America. Heart failure in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. J Card Fail 2006; 12: e38-e57.
31. Fiuzat M, Wojdyla D, Pina I et al. Heart Rate or Beta-Blocker Dose? Association With Outcomes in Ambulatory Heart Failure Patients With Systolic Dysfunction Results From the HF-ACTION Trial. JACC: Heart failure, 2015, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jchf.2015.09.002.
32. Cruickshank JM. Challenges in the Management of Hypertension in Older. Adv Exp Med Biol 2017; 2: 149–66. DOI: 10.1007/5584_2016_36.
33. Инструкция по медицинскому применению лекарственного препарата Беталок® ЗОК (таблетки с замедленным высвобождением, покрытые оболочкой, 25 мг, 50 мг, 100 мг) с учетом изменений 1-3. Регистрационное удостоверение П №013890/01 от 05.09.2007 (переоформлено 29.01.2016).
34. Леонова М.В., Штейнберг Л.Л., Белоусов Ю.Б. и др. Результаты фармакоэпидемиологического исследования артериальной гипертонии ПИФАГОР IV: приверженность врачей. Рос. кардиол. журн. 2015; 1: 59–66. DOI:10.15829/1560-4071-2015-1-59-66 / Leonova M.V., Shteinberg L.L., Belousov Iu.B. i dr. Rezul'taty farmakoepidemiologicheskogo issledovaniia arterial'noi gipertonii PIFAGOR IV: priverzhennost' vrachei. Ros. kardiol. zhurn. 2015; 1: 59–66. DOI: 10.15829/1560-4071-2015-1-59-66 [in Russian]
35. Falkner B., Kushner H. J Clin Hypertens 2008; 10: 51–7.
2. Belenkov Iu.N., Mareev V.Iu., Ageev F.T. i dr. Etiologicheskie prichiny formirovaniia KhSN v evropeiskoi chasti Rossiiskoi Federatsii (gospital'nyi etap). Serdechnaia nedostatochnost'. 2011; 12 (6): 333–8. [in Russian]
3. Bangalore S, Steg G, Deedwania P et al. Beta-Blocker Use and Clinical Outcomes in Stable Outpatients With and Without Coronary Artery Disease. JAMA 2012; 308 (13): 1340–9.
4. Freemantle N, Cleland J, Young P et al. Beta blockade after myocardial infarction: systematic review and meta regression analysis. BMJ 1999; 318 (7200): 1730–7.
5. Major outcomes in moderately hypercholesterolemic, hypertensive patients randomized to pravastatin vs usual care: The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT-LLT). JAMA 2002; 288 (23): 2998–3007.
6. Steg PG, James SK, Atar D et al. Task Force on the management of ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). ESC Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation. Eur Heart J 2012; 33: 2569–619. DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ ehs215
7. Puymirat E, Riant E, Aissoui N et al. β blockers and mortality after myocardial infarction in patients without heart failure: multicentre prospective cohort study. BMJ 2016; 354: i4801 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i4801.
8. Chen ZM, Pan HC, Chen YP et al. COMMIT (ClOpidogrel and Metoprolol in Myocardial Infarction Trial) collaborative group. Early intravenous then oral metoprolol in 45,852 patients with acute myocardial infarction: randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2005; 366: 1622–32. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67661-1
9. Yang JH, Hahn JY, Song YB et al. Association of beta-blocker therapy at discharge with clinical outcomes in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. JACC: Cardiovasc Inter 2014; 7 (6): 592–601.
10. Huang BT, Huang FY , Zuo ZL et al. Meta-Analysis of Relation Between Oral β-Blocker Therapy and Outcomes in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction Who Underwent Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Am J Cardiol 2015; 115 (11): 1529–38. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard
11. Quint JK, Herrett E, Bhaskaran K et al. Effect of β blockers on mortality after myocardial infarction in adults with COPD: population based cohort study of UK electronic healthcare records. BMJ 2013; 347: f6650.
12. Anderson JL, Adams CD, Antman EM et al. 2012 ACCF/AHA focused update incorporated into the ACCF/AHA 2007 guidelines for the management of patients with unstable angina/non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013; 61: e179-347. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2013.01.014
13. O’Gara PT, Kushner FG, Ascheim DD et al. American College of Emergency Physicians Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions. 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013; 61: e78-140. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.11.019
14. Ibanez B, James S, Agewall S et al. 2017 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation. Eur Heart J 2017; 00: 1–66. DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehx393
15. Chatterjee S, Chaudhuri D, Vedanthan R et al. Early intravenous beta-blockers in patients with acute coronarysyndrome a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Int J Cardiol 2013; 168 (2): 915–21.
16. Ibanez B, Macaya C, Sanchez-Brunete V et al. Effect of early metoprolol on infarct size in ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention: the Effect of Metoprolol in Cardioprotection During an Acute Myocardial Infarction (METOCARD-CNIC) trial. Circulation 2013; 128 (14): 1495–503.
17. Pizarro G, Fernandez-Friera L, Fuster V et al. Long-term benefit of early pre-reperfusion metoprolol administration in patients with acute myocardial infarction: results from the METOCARD-CNIC trial (Effect of Metoprolol in Cardioprotection During an Acute Myocardial Infarction). J Am Coll Cardiol 2014; 63 (22): 2356–62.
18. Roolvink V, Ibanez B, Ottervanger JP et al. EARLY-BAMI Investigators. Early intravenous beta-blockers in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction before primary percutaneous coronary intervention. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016; 67 (23): 2705–15.
19. Goldberger JJ, Bonow RO, Cuffe M et al. OBTAIN Investigators. Effect of beta-blocker dose on survival after acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 66 (13): 1431–41.
20. Dargie HJ. Effect of carvedilol on outcome after myocardial infarction in patients with left-ventricular dysfunction: the CAPRICORN randomised trial. Lancet 2001; 357 (9266): 1385–90.
21. The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study II (CIBIS-II): a randomised trial. Lancet 1999; 353 (9146): 9–13.
22. Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL Randomised Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT-HF). Lancet 1999; 353 (9169): 2001–7.
23. Flather MD, Shibata MC, Coats AJ et al. SENIORS Investigators. Randomized trial to determine the effect of nebivolol on mortality and cardiovascular hospital admission in elderly patientswith heart failure (SENIORS). Eur Heart J 2005; 26 (3): 215–25.
24. Kleinrock M. The Use of Medicines in the United States: Review of 2011. IMS Health, National Prescription Audit, Dec 2011; р 44.
25. ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012. Eur Heart J 2012; 33: 1787–847.
26. Wikstrand J, Hjalmarson A, Waagstein F et al., MERIT-HF Study Group. Dose of metoprolol CR/XL and clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure: analysis of the experience in Metoprolol CR/XL Randomized Intervention Trial in Chronic Heart Failure (MERIT-HF). J Am Coll Cardiol 2002; 40: 491–8.
27. Gheorghiade M, De Luca L, Fonarow GC et al. Pathophysiologic targets in the early phase of acute heart failure syndromes. Am J Cardiol 2005; 96 (6A): 11G–17G.
28. Huang RL, Listerman J, Goring J et al. Beta-blocker therapy for heart failure: Should the therapeutic target be dose or heart rate reduction? Congest Heart Fail 2006; 12: 206–10.
29. Gullestad L, Wikstrand J, Deedwania P et al., MERIT-HF Study Group. What resting heart rate should one aim for when treating patients with heart failure with a beta-blocker? Experiences from the Metoprolol Controlled Release/Extended Release Randomized Intervention Trial in Chronic Heart Failure (MERIT-HF). J Am Coll Cardiol 2005; 45: 252–9.
30. Heart Failure Society Of America. Heart failure in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. J Card Fail 2006; 12: e38-e57.
31. Fiuzat M, Wojdyla D, Pina I et al. Heart Rate or Beta-Blocker Dose? Association With Outcomes in Ambulatory Heart Failure Patients With Systolic Dysfunction Results From the HF-ACTION Trial. JACC: Heart failure, 2015, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jchf.2015.09.002.
32. Cruickshank JM. Challenges in the Management of Hypertension in Older. Adv Exp Med Biol 2017; 2: 149–66. DOI: 10.1007/5584_2016_36.
33. Инструкция по медицинскому применению лекарственного препарата Беталок® ЗОК (таблетки с замедленным высвобождением, покрытые оболочкой, 25 мг, 50 мг, 100 мг) с учетом изменений 1-3. Регистрационное удостоверение П №013890/01 от 05.09.2007 (переоформлено 29.01.2016).
34. Leonova M.V., Shteinberg L.L., Belousov Iu.B. i dr. Rezul'taty farmakoepidemiologicheskogo issledovaniia arterial'noi gipertonii PIFAGOR IV: priverzhennost' vrachei. Ros. kardiol. zhurn. 2015; 1: 59–66. DOI: 10.15829/1560-4071-2015-1-59-66 [in Russian]
35. Falkner B., Kushner H. J Clin Hypertens 2008; 10: 51–7.
2. Беленков Ю.Н., Мареев В.Ю., Агеев Ф.Т. и др. Этиологические причины формирования ХСН в европейской части Российской Федерации (госпитальный этап). Сердечная недостаточность. 2011; 12 (6): 333–8. / Belenkov Iu.N., Mareev V.Iu., Ageev F.T. i dr. Etiologicheskie prichiny formirovaniia KhSN v evropeiskoi chasti Rossiiskoi Federatsii (gospital'nyi etap). Serdechnaia nedostatochnost'. 2011; 12 (6): 333–8. [in Russian]
3. Bangalore S, Steg G, Deedwania P et al. Beta-Blocker Use and Clinical Outcomes in Stable Outpatients With and Without Coronary Artery Disease. JAMA 2012; 308 (13): 1340–9.
4. Freemantle N, Cleland J, Young P et al. Beta blockade after myocardial infarction: systematic review and meta regression analysis. BMJ 1999; 318 (7200): 1730–7.
5. Major outcomes in moderately hypercholesterolemic, hypertensive patients randomized to pravastatin vs usual care: The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT-LLT). JAMA 2002; 288 (23): 2998–3007.
6. Steg PG, James SK, Atar D et al. Task Force on the management of ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). ESC Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation. Eur Heart J 2012; 33: 2569–619. DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ ehs215
7. Puymirat E, Riant E, Aissoui N et al. β blockers and mortality after myocardial infarction in patients without heart failure: multicentre prospective cohort study. BMJ 2016; 354: i4801 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i4801.
8. Chen ZM, Pan HC, Chen YP et al. COMMIT (ClOpidogrel and Metoprolol in Myocardial Infarction Trial) collaborative group. Early intravenous then oral metoprolol in 45,852 patients with acute myocardial infarction: randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2005; 366: 1622–32. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67661-1
9. Yang JH, Hahn JY, Song YB et al. Association of beta-blocker therapy at discharge with clinical outcomes in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. JACC: Cardiovasc Inter 2014; 7 (6): 592–601.
10. Huang BT, Huang FY , Zuo ZL et al. Meta-Analysis of Relation Between Oral β-Blocker Therapy and Outcomes in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction Who Underwent Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Am J Cardiol 2015; 115 (11): 1529–38. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard
11. Quint JK, Herrett E, Bhaskaran K et al. Effect of β blockers on mortality after myocardial infarction in adults with COPD: population based cohort study of UK electronic healthcare records. BMJ 2013; 347: f6650.
12. Anderson JL, Adams CD, Antman EM et al. 2012 ACCF/AHA focused update incorporated into the ACCF/AHA 2007 guidelines for the management of patients with unstable angina/non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013; 61: e179-347. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2013.01.014
13. O’Gara PT, Kushner FG, Ascheim DD et al. American College of Emergency Physicians Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions. 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013; 61: e78-140. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.11.019
14. Ibanez B, James S, Agewall S et al. 2017 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation. Eur Heart J 2017; 00: 1–66. DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehx393
15. Chatterjee S, Chaudhuri D, Vedanthan R et al. Early intravenous beta-blockers in patients with acute coronarysyndrome a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Int J Cardiol 2013; 168 (2): 915–21.
16. Ibanez B, Macaya C, Sanchez-Brunete V et al. Effect of early metoprolol on infarct size in ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention: the Effect of Metoprolol in Cardioprotection During an Acute Myocardial Infarction (METOCARD-CNIC) trial. Circulation 2013; 128 (14): 1495–503.
17. Pizarro G, Fernandez-Friera L, Fuster V et al. Long-term benefit of early pre-reperfusion metoprolol administration in patients with acute myocardial infarction: results from the METOCARD-CNIC trial (Effect of Metoprolol in Cardioprotection During an Acute Myocardial Infarction). J Am Coll Cardiol 2014; 63 (22): 2356–62.
18. Roolvink V, Ibanez B, Ottervanger JP et al. EARLY-BAMI Investigators. Early intravenous beta-blockers in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction before primary percutaneous coronary intervention. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016; 67 (23): 2705–15.
19. Goldberger JJ, Bonow RO, Cuffe M et al. OBTAIN Investigators. Effect of beta-blocker dose on survival after acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 66 (13): 1431–41.
20. Dargie HJ. Effect of carvedilol on outcome after myocardial infarction in patients with left-ventricular dysfunction: the CAPRICORN randomised trial. Lancet 2001; 357 (9266): 1385–90.
21. The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study II (CIBIS-II): a randomised trial. Lancet 1999; 353 (9146): 9–13.
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21. The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study II (CIBIS-II): a randomised trial. Lancet 1999; 353 (9146): 9–13.
22. Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL Randomised Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT-HF). Lancet 1999; 353 (9169): 2001–7.
23. Flather MD, Shibata MC, Coats AJ et al. SENIORS Investigators. Randomized trial to determine the effect of nebivolol on mortality and cardiovascular hospital admission in elderly patientswith heart failure (SENIORS). Eur Heart J 2005; 26 (3): 215–25.
24. Kleinrock M. The Use of Medicines in the United States: Review of 2011. IMS Health, National Prescription Audit, Dec 2011; р 44.
25. ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012. Eur Heart J 2012; 33: 1787–847.
26. Wikstrand J, Hjalmarson A, Waagstein F et al., MERIT-HF Study Group. Dose of metoprolol CR/XL and clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure: analysis of the experience in Metoprolol CR/XL Randomized Intervention Trial in Chronic Heart Failure (MERIT-HF). J Am Coll Cardiol 2002; 40: 491–8.
27. Gheorghiade M, De Luca L, Fonarow GC et al. Pathophysiologic targets in the early phase of acute heart failure syndromes. Am J Cardiol 2005; 96 (6A): 11G–17G.
28. Huang RL, Listerman J, Goring J et al. Beta-blocker therapy for heart failure: Should the therapeutic target be dose or heart rate reduction? Congest Heart Fail 2006; 12: 206–10.
29. Gullestad L, Wikstrand J, Deedwania P et al., MERIT-HF Study Group. What resting heart rate should one aim for when treating patients with heart failure with a beta-blocker? Experiences from the Metoprolol Controlled Release/Extended Release Randomized Intervention Trial in Chronic Heart Failure (MERIT-HF). J Am Coll Cardiol 2005; 45: 252–9.
30. Heart Failure Society Of America. Heart failure in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. J Card Fail 2006; 12: e38-e57.
31. Fiuzat M, Wojdyla D, Pina I et al. Heart Rate or Beta-Blocker Dose? Association With Outcomes in Ambulatory Heart Failure Patients With Systolic Dysfunction Results From the HF-ACTION Trial. JACC: Heart failure, 2015, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jchf.2015.09.002.
32. Cruickshank JM. Challenges in the Management of Hypertension in Older. Adv Exp Med Biol 2017; 2: 149–66. DOI: 10.1007/5584_2016_36.
33. Инструкция по медицинскому применению лекарственного препарата Беталок® ЗОК (таблетки с замедленным высвобождением, покрытые оболочкой, 25 мг, 50 мг, 100 мг) с учетом изменений 1-3. Регистрационное удостоверение П №013890/01 от 05.09.2007 (переоформлено 29.01.2016).
34. Leonova M.V., Shteinberg L.L., Belousov Iu.B. i dr. Rezul'taty farmakoepidemiologicheskogo issledovaniia arterial'noi gipertonii PIFAGOR IV: priverzhennost' vrachei. Ros. kardiol. zhurn. 2015; 1: 59–66. DOI: 10.15829/1560-4071-2015-1-59-66 [in Russian]
35. Falkner B., Kushner H. J Clin Hypertens 2008; 10: 51–7.
Авторы
И.В.Фомин*, Д.С.Поляков
ФГБОУ ВО «Нижегородская государственная медицинская академия» Минздрава России. 603005, Россия, Нижний Новгород, пл. Минина и Пожарского, д. 10/1
*fomin-i@yandex.ru
Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 603005, Russian Federation, Nizhny Novgorod, pl. Minina I Pozharskogo, d. 10/1
*fomin-i@yandex.ru
ФГБОУ ВО «Нижегородская государственная медицинская академия» Минздрава России. 603005, Россия, Нижний Новгород, пл. Минина и Пожарского, д. 10/1
*fomin-i@yandex.ru
________________________________________________
Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 603005, Russian Federation, Nizhny Novgorod, pl. Minina I Pozharskogo, d. 10/1
*fomin-i@yandex.ru
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