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Новый блокатор рецепторов ангиотензина II Эдарби® как часть патогенетического лечения артериальной гипертонии у больных с метаболическими нарушениями
Новый блокатор рецепторов ангиотензина II Эдарби® как часть патогенетического лечения артериальной гипертонии у больных с метаболическими нарушениями
Чазова И.Е., Жернакова Ю.В., Блинова Н.В., Рогоза А.Н. Новый блокатор рецепторов ангиотензина II Эдарби® как часть патогенетического лечения артериальной гипертонии у больных с метаболическими нарушениями. Системные гипертензии. 2017; 14 (3): 28–35. DOI: 10.26442/2075-082X_14.3.28-35
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Аннотация
Актуальность. В последнее время доля блокаторов рецепторов ангиотензина значительно возросла среди назначаемых антигипертензивных средств. Высокие органопротективные свойства, дополнительные метаболические эффекты и переносимость, сравнимая с плацебо, делают их препаратами выбора, особенно у пациентов с артериальной гипертонией (АГ) 1–2-й степени, имеющих низкую приверженность антигипертензивной терапии, но уже обремененных дополнительными метаболическими факторами риска.
Цель исследования – изучение антигипертензивной эффективности блокатора рецепторов ангиотензина азилсартана медоксомила (Эдарби®), его влияния на кардиометаболические факторы риска и выраженность поражения органов-мишеней у больных АГ 1–2-й степени с метаболическим синдромом.
Материалы и методы. В исследование включены 32 пациента (средний возраст 47,32±8,4 года), 19 мужчин и 13 женщин с АГ 1–2-й степени и метаболическим синдромом. Всем пациентам оценивалось клиническое артериальное давление (АД), определялся уровень общего холестерина, холестерина липопротеидов высокой плотности, холестерина липопротеидов низкой плотности, триглицерида, креатинина, уровень глюкозы в ходе теста толерантности к углеводам, проводилось суточное мониторирование АД, оценивались центральное систолическое давление в аорте, скорость пульсовой волны на каротидно-феморальном сегменте и определялась толщина комплекса интима–медиа исходно и через 6 мес терапии.
Результаты. На фоне терапии Эдарби® 82% пациентов с АГ 1–2-й степени и метаболическим синдромом достигли целевого уровня АД, что сопровождалось значительным улучшением диастолической функции левого желудочка у 56% пациентов, уже в первые 6 мес лечения наблюдалось снижение жесткости магистральных артерий и улучшение метаболического контроля.
Ключевые слова: артериальная гипертония, метаболический синдром, антигипертензивная терапия, органы-мишени.
Purpose of the study – study of the antihypertensive efficacy of the angiotensin receptor blocker azilsartan medoxomil (Edarbi®), its effect on cardiometabolic risk factors and damage of target organs in patients with stage 2 hypertension.
Materials and methods. The study included 32 patients (mean age 47.32±8.4 years), 19 men and 13 women with stage 2 hypertension. All patients were evaluated for clinical blood pressure (BP), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, creatinine, glucose level in a carbohydrate tolerance test, 24-hour blood pressure monitoring, central aortic systolic pressure, сarotid-femoral pulse wave velocity and intima-media thickness was determined initially and after 6 months of therapy.
Results. During taking Edarbi® 82% of patients with stage 1 and stage 2 hypertension and metabolic syndrome reached the target level of BP, which was accompanied by a significant improvement in diastolic function of the left ventricle in 56% of patients. Already in the first 6 months the treatment reduced arterial stiffness and improved metabolic control.
Key words: arterial hypertension, metabolic syndrome, antihypertensive therapy, target organs.
Цель исследования – изучение антигипертензивной эффективности блокатора рецепторов ангиотензина азилсартана медоксомила (Эдарби®), его влияния на кардиометаболические факторы риска и выраженность поражения органов-мишеней у больных АГ 1–2-й степени с метаболическим синдромом.
Материалы и методы. В исследование включены 32 пациента (средний возраст 47,32±8,4 года), 19 мужчин и 13 женщин с АГ 1–2-й степени и метаболическим синдромом. Всем пациентам оценивалось клиническое артериальное давление (АД), определялся уровень общего холестерина, холестерина липопротеидов высокой плотности, холестерина липопротеидов низкой плотности, триглицерида, креатинина, уровень глюкозы в ходе теста толерантности к углеводам, проводилось суточное мониторирование АД, оценивались центральное систолическое давление в аорте, скорость пульсовой волны на каротидно-феморальном сегменте и определялась толщина комплекса интима–медиа исходно и через 6 мес терапии.
Результаты. На фоне терапии Эдарби® 82% пациентов с АГ 1–2-й степени и метаболическим синдромом достигли целевого уровня АД, что сопровождалось значительным улучшением диастолической функции левого желудочка у 56% пациентов, уже в первые 6 мес лечения наблюдалось снижение жесткости магистральных артерий и улучшение метаболического контроля.
Ключевые слова: артериальная гипертония, метаболический синдром, антигипертензивная терапия, органы-мишени.
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Purpose of the study – study of the antihypertensive efficacy of the angiotensin receptor blocker azilsartan medoxomil (Edarbi®), its effect on cardiometabolic risk factors and damage of target organs in patients with stage 2 hypertension.
Materials and methods. The study included 32 patients (mean age 47.32±8.4 years), 19 men and 13 women with stage 2 hypertension. All patients were evaluated for clinical blood pressure (BP), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, creatinine, glucose level in a carbohydrate tolerance test, 24-hour blood pressure monitoring, central aortic systolic pressure, сarotid-femoral pulse wave velocity and intima-media thickness was determined initially and after 6 months of therapy.
Results. During taking Edarbi® 82% of patients with stage 1 and stage 2 hypertension and metabolic syndrome reached the target level of BP, which was accompanied by a significant improvement in diastolic function of the left ventricle in 56% of patients. Already in the first 6 months the treatment reduced arterial stiffness and improved metabolic control.
Key words: arterial hypertension, metabolic syndrome, antihypertensive therapy, target organs.
Полный текст
Список литературы
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10. Israili ZH. Clinical pharmacokinetics of angiotensin II (AT1) receptor blockers in hypertension. J Hum Hypertens 2000; 14 (Suppl. 1): S73–S86.
11. Brunner HR. Experimental and clinical evidence that angiotensin II is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Am J Cardiol 2001; 87 (8A): 3C–9C.
12. Burnier M. Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers. Circulation 2001; 103: 904–12.
13. Lauer D, Slavic S, Sommerfeld M et al. Angiotensin type 2 receptor stimulation ameliorates left ventricular fibrosis and dysfunction via regulation of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 1/matrix metalloproteinase 9 axis and transforming growth factor β1 in the rat heart. Hypertension 2014; 63: e60–7.
14. Жернакова Ю.В., Недогода С.В., Чазова Ю.В. и др. Рекомендации по ведению больных с метаболическими нарушениями. Кардиологический вестн. 2014; 1: 4–57. / Zhernakova Iu.V., Nedogoda S.V., Chazova Iu.V. i dr. Rekomendatsii po vedeniiu bol'nykh s metabolicheskimi narusheniiami. Kardiologicheskii vestn. 2014; 1: 4–57. [in Russian]
15. Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 38. UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. BMJ 1998; 317: 703–13.
16. Tatti P, Pahor M, Byington RP et al. Outcome results of the Fosinopril Versus Amlodipine Cardiovascular Events Randomized Trial (FACET) in patients with hypertension and NIDDM. Diabetes Care 1998; 21: 597–603.
17. Estacio RO, Jeffers BW, Hiatt WR et al. The effect of nisoldipine as compared with enalapril on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes and hypertension. N Engl J Med 1998; 338: 645–652.
18. Niskanen L, Hedner T, Hansson L et al. Reduced cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertensive diabetic patients on first-line therapy with an ACE inhibitor compared with a diuretic/beta-blocker-based treatment regimen: a subanalysis of the Captopril Prevention Project. Diabetes Care 2001; 24: 2091–6.
19. Lindholm LH, Hansson L, Ekbom T et al. Comparison of antihypertensive treatments in preventing cardiovascular events in elderly diabetic patients: results from the Swedish Trial in Old Patients with Hypertension-2. STOP Hypertension-2 Study Group. J Hypertens 2000; 18: 1671–75.
20. Жернакова Ю.В. Клиническая характеристика различных вариантов течения метаболического синдрома и возможности влияния антигипертензивной терапии на уровень артериального давления, состояние углеводного, липидного обменов и выраженность ожирения у больных артериальной гипертонией и метаболическим синдромом. Дисс. … д-ра мед. наук. М., 2012. / Zhernakova Iu.V. Klinicheskaia kharakteristika razlichnykh variantov techeniia metabolicheskogo sindroma i vozmozhnosti vliianiia antigipertenzivnoi terapii na uroven' arterial'nogo davleniia, sostoianie uglevodnogo, lipidnogo obmenov i vyrazhennost' ozhireniia u bol'nykh arterial'noi gipertoniei i metabolicheskim sindromom. Diss. … d-ra med. nauk. M., 2012. [in Russian]
21. Yusuf S, Teo K, Anderson C et al. Telmisartan Randomised Assessment Study in ACE Intolerant Subjects with Cardiovascular Disease (TRANSCEND) Investigators. Effects of the angiotensin-receptor blocker telmisartan on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients intolerant to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2008; 372: 1174–83.
22. Parving HH, Lehnert H, Bröchner-Mortensen J et al. Irbesartan in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Microalbuminuria Study Group. The effect of irbesartan on the development of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2001; 345: 870–8.
23. Viberti G, Wheeldon NM Microalbuminuria Reduction With Valsartan (MARVAL) Study Investigators. Microalbuminuria reduction with valsartan in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a blood pressure-independent effect. Circulation 2002; 106: 672–8.
24. Brenner BM, Cooper ME, de Zeeuw D et al. Effects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med 2001; 345: 861–9.
25. Visser LE, Stricker BH, van der Velden J et al. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor associated cough: a population-based case-control study. J Clin Epidemiol 1995; 48: 851–7.
26. Caldeira D, David C, Sampaio C. Tolerability of angiotensin-receptor blockers in patients with intolerance to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2012; 12: 263–77.
27. Edarbi® (azilsartan medoxomil) prescribing information, Takeda Pharmaceuticals America, Inc. 2012. Data on file. Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited.
28. Bönner G et al. Comparison of antihypertensive efficacy of the new angiotensin receptor blocker azilsartanmedoxomil with ramipril. J Hypertens 2010; 28: e283
29. White WB et al. Effects of the angiotensin receptor blocker azilsartanmedoxomil versus olmesartan and valsartan on ambulatory and clinic blood pressure in patients with stages 1 and 2 hypertension. Hypertension 2011; 57: 413–20.
30. Шарипова Г.М. Особенности поражения органов-мишеней у больных артериальной гипертонией в зависимости от наличия и отсутствия метаболического синдрома. Дисс. … д-ра мед. наук. М., 2009. / Sharipova G.M. Osobennosti porazheniia organov-mishenei u bol'nykh arterial'noi gipertoniei v zavisimosti ot nalichiia i otsutstviia metabolicheskogo sindroma. Dis. … d-ra med. nauk. M., 2009. [in Russian]
31. Rakugi H et al. Effect of azilsartan versus candesartan on morning blood pressure surges in Japanese patients with essential hypertension. Hypertens Res 2012; 35: 552–8.
32. Chen CH, Nevo E, Fetics B et al. Estimation of central aortic pressure waveform by mathematical transformation of radial tonometry pressure. Validation of generalized transfer function. Circulation 1997; 95 (7): 1827–36.
33. Dargad RR et al. Azilsartan: novel angiotensin receptor blocker. Journal of the Association of Physicians of India 2016; 64: 96–8.
2. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR et al. The seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. JAMA 2003; 289: 2560–72.
3. James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL et al. Evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: Report from the Panel Members Appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA 2014; 311: 507–20.
4. White WB et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of hypertension in the community: a statement by the American Society of Hypertension and the International Society of Hypertension. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2014; 16: 14–26.
5. Mancia G, Fagard R, Narkiewicz K et al. 2013 ESH/ESC guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. Eur Heart J 2013; 34: 2159–219.
6. Chazova I.E., Oshchepkova E.V., Zhernakova Iu.V Diagnostika i lechenie arterial'noi gipertonii. Kardiologicheskii vestn. 2015; 1: 5–30. [in Russian]
7. Brenner GM, Stevens CW. Pharmacology. 4. Philadelphia: Pennsylvania. Saunders, 2013.
8. Appel GB, Appel AS. Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists: Role in Hypertension, Cardiovascular Disease, and Renoprotection. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2004; 47: 105–15.
9. Weir MR, Dzau VJ. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system: a specific target for hypertension management. Am J Hypertens 1999; 12 (12 Pt 3): 205S–213S.
10. Israili ZH. Clinical pharmacokinetics of angiotensin II (AT1) receptor blockers in hypertension. J Hum Hypertens 2000; 14 (Suppl. 1): S73–S86.
11. Brunner HR. Experimental and clinical evidence that angiotensin II is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Am J Cardiol 2001; 87 (8A): 3C–9C.
12. Burnier M. Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers. Circulation 2001; 103: 904–12.
13. Lauer D, Slavic S, Sommerfeld M et al. Angiotensin type 2 receptor stimulation ameliorates left ventricular fibrosis and dysfunction via regulation of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 1/matrix metalloproteinase 9 axis and transforming growth factor β1 in the rat heart. Hypertension 2014; 63: e60–7.
14. Zhernakova Iu.V., Nedogoda S.V., Chazova Iu.V. i dr. Rekomendatsii po vedeniiu bol'nykh s metabolicheskimi narusheniiami. Kardiologicheskii vestn. 2014; 1: 4–57. [in Russian]
15. Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 38. UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. BMJ 1998; 317: 703–13.
16. Tatti P, Pahor M, Byington RP et al. Outcome results of the Fosinopril Versus Amlodipine Cardiovascular Events Randomized Trial (FACET) in patients with hypertension and NIDDM. Diabetes Care 1998; 21: 597–603.
17. Estacio RO, Jeffers BW, Hiatt WR et al. The effect of nisoldipine as compared with enalapril on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes and hypertension. N Engl J Med 1998; 338: 645–652.
18. Niskanen L, Hedner T, Hansson L et al. Reduced cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertensive diabetic patients on first-line therapy with an ACE inhibitor compared with a diuretic/beta-blocker-based treatment regimen: a subanalysis of the Captopril Prevention Project. Diabetes Care 2001; 24: 2091–6.
19. Lindholm LH, Hansson L, Ekbom T et al. Comparison of antihypertensive treatments in preventing cardiovascular events in elderly diabetic patients: results from the Swedish Trial in Old Patients with Hypertension-2. STOP Hypertension-2 Study Group. J Hypertens 2000; 18: 1671–75.
20. Zhernakova Iu.V. Klinicheskaia kharakteristika razlichnykh variantov techeniia metabolicheskogo sindroma i vozmozhnosti vliianiia antigipertenzivnoi terapii na uroven' arterial'nogo davleniia, sostoianie uglevodnogo, lipidnogo obmenov i vyrazhennost' ozhireniia u bol'nykh arterial'noi gipertoniei i metabolicheskim sindromom. Diss. … d-ra med. nauk. M., 2012. [in Russian]
21. Yusuf S, Teo K, Anderson C et al. Telmisartan Randomised Assessment Study in ACE Intolerant Subjects with Cardiovascular Disease (TRANSCEND) Investigators. Effects of the angiotensin-receptor blocker telmisartan on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients intolerant to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2008; 372: 1174–83.
22. Parving HH, Lehnert H, Bröchner-Mortensen J et al. Irbesartan in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Microalbuminuria Study Group. The effect of irbesartan on the development of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2001; 345: 870–8.
23. Viberti G, Wheeldon NM Microalbuminuria Reduction With Valsartan (MARVAL) Study Investigators. Microalbuminuria reduction with valsartan in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a blood pressure-independent effect. Circulation 2002; 106: 672–8.
24. Brenner BM, Cooper ME, de Zeeuw D et al. Effects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med 2001; 345: 861–9.
25. Visser LE, Stricker BH, van der Velden J et al. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor associated cough: a population-based case-control study. J Clin Epidemiol 1995; 48: 851–7.
26. Caldeira D, David C, Sampaio C. Tolerability of angiotensin-receptor blockers in patients with intolerance to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2012; 12: 263–77.
27. Edarbi® (azilsartan medoxomil) prescribing information, Takeda Pharmaceuticals America, Inc. 2012. Data on file. Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited.
28. Bönner G et al. Comparison of antihypertensive efficacy of the new angiotensin receptor blocker azilsartanmedoxomil with ramipril. J Hypertens 2010; 28: e283
29. White WB et al. Effects of the angiotensin receptor blocker azilsartanmedoxomil versus olmesartan and valsartan on ambulatory and clinic blood pressure in patients with stages 1 and 2 hypertension. Hypertension 2011; 57: 413–20.
30. Sharipova G.M. Osobennosti porazheniia organov-mishenei u bol'nykh arterial'noi gipertoniei v zavisimosti ot nalichiia i otsutstviia metabolicheskogo sindroma. Dis. … d-ra med. nauk. M., 2009. [in Russian]
31. Rakugi H et al. Effect of azilsartan versus candesartan on morning blood pressure surges in Japanese patients with essential hypertension. Hypertens Res 2012; 35: 552–8.
32. Chen CH, Nevo E, Fetics B et al. Estimation of central aortic pressure waveform by mathematical transformation of radial tonometry pressure. Validation of generalized transfer function. Circulation 1997; 95 (7): 1827–36.
33. Dargad RR et al. Azilsartan: novel angiotensin receptor blocker. Journal of the Association of Physicians of India 2016; 64: 96–8.
2. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR et al. The seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. JAMA 2003; 289: 2560–72.
3. James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL et al. Evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: Report from the Panel Members Appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA 2014; 311: 507–20.
4. White WB et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of hypertension in the community: a statement by the American Society of Hypertension and the International Society of Hypertension. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2014; 16: 14–26.
5. Mancia G, Fagard R, Narkiewicz K et al. 2013 ESH/ESC guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. Eur Heart J 2013; 34: 2159–219.
6. Чазова И.Е., Ощепкова Е.В., Жернакова Ю.В. Диагностика и лечение артериальной гипертонии. Кардиологический вестн. 2015; 1: 5–30. / Chazova I.E., Oshchepkova E.V., Zhernakova Iu.V Diagnostika i lechenie arterial'noi gipertonii. Kardiologicheskii vestn. 2015; 1: 5–30. [in Russian]
7. Brenner GM, Stevens CW. Pharmacology. 4. Philadelphia: Pennsylvania. Saunders, 2013.
8. Appel GB, Appel AS. Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists: Role in Hypertension, Cardiovascular Disease, and Renoprotection. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2004; 47: 105–15.
9. Weir MR, Dzau VJ. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system: a specific target for hypertension management. Am J Hypertens 1999; 12 (12 Pt 3): 205S–213S.
10. Israili ZH. Clinical pharmacokinetics of angiotensin II (AT1) receptor blockers in hypertension. J Hum Hypertens 2000; 14 (Suppl. 1): S73–S86.
11. Brunner HR. Experimental and clinical evidence that angiotensin II is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Am J Cardiol 2001; 87 (8A): 3C–9C.
12. Burnier M. Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers. Circulation 2001; 103: 904–12.
13. Lauer D, Slavic S, Sommerfeld M et al. Angiotensin type 2 receptor stimulation ameliorates left ventricular fibrosis and dysfunction via regulation of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 1/matrix metalloproteinase 9 axis and transforming growth factor β1 in the rat heart. Hypertension 2014; 63: e60–7.
14. Жернакова Ю.В., Недогода С.В., Чазова Ю.В. и др. Рекомендации по ведению больных с метаболическими нарушениями. Кардиологический вестн. 2014; 1: 4–57. / Zhernakova Iu.V., Nedogoda S.V., Chazova Iu.V. i dr. Rekomendatsii po vedeniiu bol'nykh s metabolicheskimi narusheniiami. Kardiologicheskii vestn. 2014; 1: 4–57. [in Russian]
15. Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 38. UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. BMJ 1998; 317: 703–13.
16. Tatti P, Pahor M, Byington RP et al. Outcome results of the Fosinopril Versus Amlodipine Cardiovascular Events Randomized Trial (FACET) in patients with hypertension and NIDDM. Diabetes Care 1998; 21: 597–603.
17. Estacio RO, Jeffers BW, Hiatt WR et al. The effect of nisoldipine as compared with enalapril on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes and hypertension. N Engl J Med 1998; 338: 645–652.
18. Niskanen L, Hedner T, Hansson L et al. Reduced cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertensive diabetic patients on first-line therapy with an ACE inhibitor compared with a diuretic/beta-blocker-based treatment regimen: a subanalysis of the Captopril Prevention Project. Diabetes Care 2001; 24: 2091–6.
19. Lindholm LH, Hansson L, Ekbom T et al. Comparison of antihypertensive treatments in preventing cardiovascular events in elderly diabetic patients: results from the Swedish Trial in Old Patients with Hypertension-2. STOP Hypertension-2 Study Group. J Hypertens 2000; 18: 1671–75.
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22. Parving HH, Lehnert H, Bröchner-Mortensen J et al. Irbesartan in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Microalbuminuria Study Group. The effect of irbesartan on the development of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2001; 345: 870–8.
23. Viberti G, Wheeldon NM Microalbuminuria Reduction With Valsartan (MARVAL) Study Investigators. Microalbuminuria reduction with valsartan in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a blood pressure-independent effect. Circulation 2002; 106: 672–8.
24. Brenner BM, Cooper ME, de Zeeuw D et al. Effects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med 2001; 345: 861–9.
25. Visser LE, Stricker BH, van der Velden J et al. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor associated cough: a population-based case-control study. J Clin Epidemiol 1995; 48: 851–7.
26. Caldeira D, David C, Sampaio C. Tolerability of angiotensin-receptor blockers in patients with intolerance to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2012; 12: 263–77.
27. Edarbi® (azilsartan medoxomil) prescribing information, Takeda Pharmaceuticals America, Inc. 2012. Data on file. Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited.
28. Bönner G et al. Comparison of antihypertensive efficacy of the new angiotensin receptor blocker azilsartanmedoxomil with ramipril. J Hypertens 2010; 28: e283
29. White WB et al. Effects of the angiotensin receptor blocker azilsartanmedoxomil versus olmesartan and valsartan on ambulatory and clinic blood pressure in patients with stages 1 and 2 hypertension. Hypertension 2011; 57: 413–20.
30. Шарипова Г.М. Особенности поражения органов-мишеней у больных артериальной гипертонией в зависимости от наличия и отсутствия метаболического синдрома. Дисс. … д-ра мед. наук. М., 2009. / Sharipova G.M. Osobennosti porazheniia organov-mishenei u bol'nykh arterial'noi gipertoniei v zavisimosti ot nalichiia i otsutstviia metabolicheskogo sindroma. Dis. … d-ra med. nauk. M., 2009. [in Russian]
31. Rakugi H et al. Effect of azilsartan versus candesartan on morning blood pressure surges in Japanese patients with essential hypertension. Hypertens Res 2012; 35: 552–8.
32. Chen CH, Nevo E, Fetics B et al. Estimation of central aortic pressure waveform by mathematical transformation of radial tonometry pressure. Validation of generalized transfer function. Circulation 1997; 95 (7): 1827–36.
33. Dargad RR et al. Azilsartan: novel angiotensin receptor blocker. Journal of the Association of Physicians of India 2016; 64: 96–8.
________________________________________________
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18. Niskanen L, Hedner T, Hansson L et al. Reduced cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertensive diabetic patients on first-line therapy with an ACE inhibitor compared with a diuretic/beta-blocker-based treatment regimen: a subanalysis of the Captopril Prevention Project. Diabetes Care 2001; 24: 2091–6.
19. Lindholm LH, Hansson L, Ekbom T et al. Comparison of antihypertensive treatments in preventing cardiovascular events in elderly diabetic patients: results from the Swedish Trial in Old Patients with Hypertension-2. STOP Hypertension-2 Study Group. J Hypertens 2000; 18: 1671–75.
20. Zhernakova Iu.V. Klinicheskaia kharakteristika razlichnykh variantov techeniia metabolicheskogo sindroma i vozmozhnosti vliianiia antigipertenzivnoi terapii na uroven' arterial'nogo davleniia, sostoianie uglevodnogo, lipidnogo obmenov i vyrazhennost' ozhireniia u bol'nykh arterial'noi gipertoniei i metabolicheskim sindromom. Diss. … d-ra med. nauk. M., 2012. [in Russian]
21. Yusuf S, Teo K, Anderson C et al. Telmisartan Randomised Assessment Study in ACE Intolerant Subjects with Cardiovascular Disease (TRANSCEND) Investigators. Effects of the angiotensin-receptor blocker telmisartan on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients intolerant to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2008; 372: 1174–83.
22. Parving HH, Lehnert H, Bröchner-Mortensen J et al. Irbesartan in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Microalbuminuria Study Group. The effect of irbesartan on the development of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2001; 345: 870–8.
23. Viberti G, Wheeldon NM Microalbuminuria Reduction With Valsartan (MARVAL) Study Investigators. Microalbuminuria reduction with valsartan in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a blood pressure-independent effect. Circulation 2002; 106: 672–8.
24. Brenner BM, Cooper ME, de Zeeuw D et al. Effects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med 2001; 345: 861–9.
25. Visser LE, Stricker BH, van der Velden J et al. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor associated cough: a population-based case-control study. J Clin Epidemiol 1995; 48: 851–7.
26. Caldeira D, David C, Sampaio C. Tolerability of angiotensin-receptor blockers in patients with intolerance to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2012; 12: 263–77.
27. Edarbi® (azilsartan medoxomil) prescribing information, Takeda Pharmaceuticals America, Inc. 2012. Data on file. Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited.
28. Bönner G et al. Comparison of antihypertensive efficacy of the new angiotensin receptor blocker azilsartanmedoxomil with ramipril. J Hypertens 2010; 28: e283
29. White WB et al. Effects of the angiotensin receptor blocker azilsartanmedoxomil versus olmesartan and valsartan on ambulatory and clinic blood pressure in patients with stages 1 and 2 hypertension. Hypertension 2011; 57: 413–20.
30. Sharipova G.M. Osobennosti porazheniia organov-mishenei u bol'nykh arterial'noi gipertoniei v zavisimosti ot nalichiia i otsutstviia metabolicheskogo sindroma. Dis. … d-ra med. nauk. M., 2009. [in Russian]
31. Rakugi H et al. Effect of azilsartan versus candesartan on morning blood pressure surges in Japanese patients with essential hypertension. Hypertens Res 2012; 35: 552–8.
32. Chen CH, Nevo E, Fetics B et al. Estimation of central aortic pressure waveform by mathematical transformation of radial tonometry pressure. Validation of generalized transfer function. Circulation 1997; 95 (7): 1827–36.
33. Dargad RR et al. Azilsartan: novel angiotensin receptor blocker. Journal of the Association of Physicians of India 2016; 64: 96–8.
Авторы
И.Е.Чазова, Ю.В.Жернакова*, Н.В.Блинова, А.Н.Рогоза
ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр кардиологии» Минздрава России. 121552, Россия, Москва, ул. 3-я Черепковская, д. 15а
*juli001@mail.ru
National Medical Research Center of Cardiology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 121552, Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. 3-ia Cherepkovskaia, d. 15a
*juli001@mail.ru
ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр кардиологии» Минздрава России. 121552, Россия, Москва, ул. 3-я Черепковская, д. 15а
*juli001@mail.ru
________________________________________________
National Medical Research Center of Cardiology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 121552, Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. 3-ia Cherepkovskaia, d. 15a
*juli001@mail.ru
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