1. Чазова И.Е., Жернакова Ю.Е. Клинические рекомендации. Диагностика, лечение артериальной гипертензии. Системные гипертензии. 2019; 16: 6–31.
[Chazova I.E., Zhernakova Yu.E. Clinical recommendations. Diagnosis, treatment of arterial hypertension. Systemic Hypertension. 2019; 16: 6–31. (in Russian).]
2. Williams B, Mancia G, Spiering W et al. 2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. Eur Heart J 2018; 00: 1–98.
3. Диагностика, лечение и профилактика артериальной гипертензии у детей и подростков. Российские рекомендации (второй пересмотр). Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2009; 8 (4; Прил. 1): 1–32.
[Diagnostika, lechenie i profilaktika arterial'noi gipertenzii u detei i podrostkov. Rossiiskie rekomendatsii (vtoroi peresmotr). Kardiovaskuliarnaia terapiia i profilaktika. 2009; 8 (4; Pril. 1): 1–32 (in Russian).]
4. Александров А.А., Бубнова М.Г., Кисляк О.А. и др. Профилактика сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний в детском и подростковом возрасте. Российские рекомендации. Рос. кардиол. журн. 2012; 6 (Прил. 1): 1–40.
[Aleksandrov A.A., Bubnova M.G., Kisliak O.A. et al. Profilaktika serdechno-sosudistykh zabolevanii v detskom i podrostkovom vozraste. Rossiiskie rekomendatsii. Ros. kardiol. zhurn. 2012; 6 (Pril. 1): 1–40 (in Russian).]
5. Lurbe E, Agabiti-Roseic E, Cruickshankd JK et al. 2016 European Society of Hypertension guidelines for the management of high blood pressure in children and adolescents. J Hypertens 2016; 34 (10): 1887–920. DOI: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000001039
6. Rosner B, Cook NR, Daniels S, Falkner B. Childhood blood pressure trends and risk factors for high blood pressure: the NHANES experience 1988–2008. Hypertension 2013; 62 (2): 247–54.
7. Flynn JT, Kaelber DC, Baker-Smith CM et al. Clinical Practice Guideline for Screening and Management of High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents. Pediatrics 2017; 140 (3): e20171904.
8. Kelishadi R, Mirmoghtadaee P, Najafi H, Keikha M. Systematic review on the association of abdominal obesity in children and adolescents with risk factors. J Res Med Sci 2015; 20 (3): 294–307.
9. Friedemann C, Heneghan C, Mahtani K et al. Cardiovascular disease risk in healthy children and its association with body mass index: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2012; 345: e4759.
10. Flechtner-Mors M, Neuhauser H, Reinehr T et al., APV initiative and the BMBF Competence Network Obesity. Blood pressure in 57,915 pediatric patients who are overweight or obese based on five reference systems. Am J Cardiol 2015; 115: 1587–94.
11. Parker ED, Sinaiko AR, Kharbanda EO et al. Change in weight status and development of hypertension. Pediatrics 2016; 137 (3): e20151662
12. Koebnick C, Black MH, Wu J et al. High blood pressure in overweight and obese youth: implications for screening. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2013; 15 (11): 793–805.
13. Zhang T, Zhang H, Li S et al. Impact of adiposity on incident hypertension is modified by insulin resistance in adults: longitudinal observation from the Bogalusa Heart Study. Hypertension 2016; 67 (1): 56–62.
14. Kaelber DC. IBM explorys cohort discovery tool. www.ibm.com/watson/health/explorys
15. Halbach SM, Martz K, Mattoo T, Flynn J. Predictors of blood pressure and its control in pediatric patients receiving dialysis. J Pediatr 2012; 160 (4): 621–5.
16. Hartzell K, Avis K, Lozano D, Feig D. Obstructive sleep apnea and periodic limb movement disorder in a population of children with hypertension and/or nocturnal nondipping blood pressures. J Am Soc Hypertens 2016; 10 (2): 101–7.
17. Archbold KH, Vasquez MM, Goodwin JL, Quan SF. Effects of sleep patterns and obesity on increases in blood pressure in a 5-year period: report from the Tucson Children’s Assessment of Sleep Apnea Study. J Pediatr 2012; 161 (1): 26–30.
18. Au CT, Ho CK, Wing YK et al. Acute and chronic effects of sleep duration on blood pressure. Pediatrics 2014; 133 (1). www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/133/1/e64
19. The fourth report on the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure in children and adolescents. Pediatrics 2004; 114 (2 Suppl.): 555–76.
20. O’Brien E, Parati G, Stergiou G et al., European Society of Hypertension Working Group on Blood Pressure Monitoring. European Society of Hypertension position paper on ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. J Hypertens 2013; 31: 1731–68.
21. Wuhl E, Witte K, Soergel M et al., German Working Group on Pediatric Hypertension. Distribution of 24-h ambulatory blood pressure in children: normalized reference values and role of body dimensions. J Hypertens 2002; 20: 1995–2007.
22. Mitsnefes M, Flynn J, Cohn S et al; CKiD Study Group. Masked hypertension associates with left ventricular hypertrophy in children with CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol 2010; 21 (1): 137–44.
23. Lurbe E, Thijs L, Torro MI et al. Sexual dimorphism in the transition from masked to sustained hypertension in healthy youths. Hypertension 2013; 62: 410–4.
24. Swartz SJ, Srivaths PR, Croix B, Feig DI. Cost-effectiveness of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in the initial evaluation of hypertension in children. Pediatrics 2008; 122 (6): 1177–81.
25. Valent-Morić B, Zigman T, Zaja-Franulović O et al. The importance of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in children and adolescents. Acta Clin Croat 2012; 51 (1): 59–64.
26. Kavey RE, Kveselis DA, Atallah N, Smith FC. White coat hypertension in childhood: evidence for end-organ effect. J Pediatr 2007; 150 (5): 491–7.
27. Dionne J et al. Pediatric Nephrology Hypertension in infancy: diagnosis, management and outcome. 2012; 27 (1): 17–32.
28. Bochud M, Bovet P, Elston RC et al. High heritability of ambulatory blood pressure in families of East African descent. Hypertension 2005; 45: 445–50.
29. Mancia G, Fagard R, Narkiewicz K et al. 2013 ESH/ESC guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 2013; 34: 2159–219. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht151
30. Khoury PR, Mitsnefes M, Daniels SR, Kimball TR. Age-specific reference intervals for indexed left ventricular mass in children. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2009; 22: 709–14.
31. Moller NC, Grontvve A, Wedderkopp N. Cardiovascular disease risk factors and blood pressure response during in exercise during in health children and adolescents the European Youth Heart study. J Appl Physiol 2010; 109: 1125–32.
32. Аверьянов С.Н., Амчеславский В.Г., Багаев В.Г., Тепаев Р.Ф. Определение скорости клубочковой фильтрации у детей: история и современные подходы. Педиатрическая фармакология. 2018; 15 (3): 218–23. DOI: 10.15690/pf.v15i3.1901
[Aver'ianov S.N., Amcheslavskii V.G., Bagaev V.G., Tepaev R.F. Opredelenie skorosti klubochkovoi fil'tratsii u detei: istoriia i sovremennye podkhody. Pediatricheskaia farmakologiia. 2018; 15 (3): 218–23. DOI: 10.15690/pf.v15i3.1901 (in Russian).]
33. Lubrano R, Travasso E, Raggi C et al. Blood pressure load, proteinuria and renal function in prehypertensive children. Pediatr Nephrol 2009; 24: 823–31.
34. Flynn J, Zhang Y, Solar-Yohay S, Shi V. Clinical and demographic characteristics of children with hypertension. Hypertension 2012; 60 (4): 1047–54.
35. Agarwal A, Kapur G, Altinok D. Childhood posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: magnetic resonance imaging findings with emphasis on increased leptomeningeal FLAIR signal. Neuroradiol J 2015; 28: 638–43.
36. Hager A, Kanz S, Kaemmerer H et al. Coarctation Long-term Assessment (COALA): significance of arterial hypertension in a cohort of 404 patients up to 27 years after surgical repair of isolated coarctation of the aorta, even in the absence of restenosis and prosthetic material. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2007; 134 (3): 738–45.
37. Di Salvo G, Castaldi B, Baldini L et al. Masked hypertension in young patients after successful aortic coarctation repair: impact on left ventricular geometry and function. J Hum Hypertens 2011; 25: 739–45.
38. Giordano U, Cifra B, Giannico S et al. Mid-term results, and therapeutic management, for patients suffering hypertension after surgical repair of aortic coarctation. Cardiol Young 2009; 19: 451–5.
39. Moltzer E, Mattace Raso FU, Karamermer Y et al. Comparison of candesartan versus metoprolol for treatment of systemic hypertension after repaired aortic coarctation. Am J Cardiol 2010; 105: 217–22.
40. Baracco R, Kapur G, Mattoo T et al. Prediction of primary vs secondary hypertension in children. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2012; 14 (5): 316–21.
41. Expert Panel on Integrated Guidelines for Cardiovascular Health and Risk Reduction in Children and Adolescents: Summary Report. Pediatrics 2011; 128: S213–256. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2009-2107C
42. Elkins C, Fruh S, Jones L, Bydalek K. Clinical Practice Recommendations for Pediatric Dyslipidemia. J Ped Health Care 2019; 33 (4): 494–504.
43. Zimmet P, Alberti KG, Kaufman F et al; IDF Consensus Group. The metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents an IDF consensus report. Pediatr Diabetes 2007; 8 (5): 299–306.
44. Torrance B, McGuire KA, Lewanczuk R, McGavock J. Overweight, physical activity and high blood pressure in children: a review of the literature. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2007; 3 (1): 139–49.
45. Farpour-Lambert NJ, Aggoun Y, Marchand LM et al. Physical activity reduces systemic blood pressure and improves early markers of atherosclerosis in pre-pubertal obese children. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009; 54 (25): 2396–406. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.08.030
46. Kelley GA, Kelley KS, Tran ZV. The effects of exercise on resting blood pressure in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Prev Cardiol 2003; 6 (1): 8–16.
47. Tompkins CL, Moran K, Preedom S, Brock DW. Physical activity-induced improvements in markers of insulin resistance in overweight and obese children and adolescents. Curr Diabetes Rev 2011; 7 (3): 164–70.
48. Damasceno MM, de Araújo MF, deFreitas RW et al. The association between blood pressure in adolescents and the consumption of fruits, vegetables and fruit juice--an exploratory study. J Clin Nurs 2011; 20 (11–12): 1553–60.
49. Saneei P, Hashemipour M, Kelishadi R et al. Effects of recommendations to follow the dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet v. usual dietary advice on childhood metabolic syndrome: a randomized cross-over clinical trial. Br J Nutr 2013; 110 (12): 2250–9. DOI: 10.1017/S0007114513001724
50. Yang Q, Zhang Z, Kuklina EV et al. Sodium intake and blood pressureamong US children and adolescents. Pediatrics 2012; 130 (4): 611–9. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2011-3870
51. Resnicow K, McMaster F, Bocian A et al. Motivational interviewing and dietary counseling for obesity in primary care: an RCT. Pediatrics 2015; 135 (4): 649–57. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2014-1880
52. Broccoli S, Davoli AM, Bonvicini L et al. Motivational interviewing to treat overweight children: 24-month follow-up of a randomized controlled trial. Pediatrics 2016; 137 (1): e20151979. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2015-1979 30/wjc.v6.i5.234
53. Webb NJ, Shahinfar S, Wells TG et al. Losartan and enalapril are comparable in reducing proteinuria in children. Kidney Int 2012; 82 (7): 819–26. DOI: 10.1038/ki.2012.210
54. Schaefer F, Litwin M, Zachwieja J et al. Efficacy and safety of valsartan compared to enalapril in hypertensive children: a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study. J Hypertens 2011; 29 (12): 2484–90. DOI: 10.1097/HJH.0b013e32834c625c
55. Chu PY, Campbell MJ, Miller SG, Hill KD. Anti-hypertensive drugs in children and adolescents. World J Cardiol 2014; 6: 234–44.
56. Baker-Smith CM, Benjamin DK, Califf RM. Cough in pediatric patients receiving angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy or angiotensin receptor blocker therapy in randomized controlled trials. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2010; 87: 668–71. DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2009.231
57. Schaefer F, Coppo R, Bagga A et al. Efficacy and safety of valsartan in hypertensive children 6 mon to 5 years of age. J Hypertens 2013; 31 (5): 993–1000. DOI: 10.1097/HJH.0b013e32835f5721
58. Trachtman H, Hainer JW, Sugg J. Efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of candesartan cilexetil in hypertensive children aged 6 to 17 years. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2008; 10: 743–50. DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7176.2008.00022
59. Simonett GD, von Vigier RO, Konrad M et al. Candesartan cilexetil in children with hypertension or proteinuria: preliminary data. Pediatr Nephrol 2006; 21 (10): 1480–2.
60. Flynn JT. Efficacy and safety of prolonged amlodipine treatment in hypertensive children. Pediatr Nephrol 2005; 20 (5): 631–5.
61. Trachtman H, Frank R, Mahan JD et al. Clinical trial of extended release felodipine in pediatric essential hypertension. Pediatr Nephrol 2003; 18: 548–53. DOI: 10.1007/s00467-003-1134-0
62. Karnes JH, Cooper-DeHoff RM. Antihypertensive medications: benefits of blood pressure lowering and hazards of metabolic effects. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2009; 7: 689–702. DOI: 10.1586/erc.09.31
63. Li JS, Flynn JT, Portman R et al. The efficacy and safety of the novel aldosterone antagonist eplerenone in children with hypertension: a randomized, double-blind, dose-response study. J Pediatr 2010; 157 (2): 282–7. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2010.02.042
64. Batisky DL, Sorof JM, Sugg J et al. Efficacy and safety of extended release metoprolol succinate in hypertensive children 6 to 16 years of age: a clinical trial experience. J Pediatr 2007; 150 (2): 134–9. DOI: 10.1016/ j.jpeds.2006.09.034
65. Poirier L, Tobe SW. Contemporary use of beta-blocker: clinical relevance of subclassification. Can J Cardiol 2014; 30: S9–15. DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2013.12.001
66. Narayan H, Webb DJ. New evidence supporting the use of mineralocorticoid receptor blockers in drug-resistant hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep 2016; 18 (5): 34. DOI: 10.1007/s11906-016-0643-8
67. Williams B, MacDonald TM, Morant S et al. Spironolactone versus placebo, bisoprolol, and doxazosin to determine the optimal treatment or drug-resistant hypertension (PATHWAY-2): a randomised, doubleblind, crossover trial. Lancet 2015; 386 (10008): 2059–68. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00257-3
68. White WB, Turner JR, Sica DA. Detection, evaluation, and treatment of severe and resistant hypertension: proceedings from an American Society of Hypertension Interactive forum held in Bethesda, MD, U.S.A., 2013. J Am Soc Hypertens 2014; 8 (10): 743–57. DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2014.06.005
69. Gartenmann AC, Fossali E, von Vigier RO et al. Better renoprotective effect of angiotensin II antagonist compared to dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker in childhood. Kidney Int 2003; 64 (4): 1450–4.

________________________________________________

1. Chazova I.E., Zhernakova Yu.E. Clinical recommendations. Diagnosis, treatment of arterial hypertension. Systemic Hypertension. 2019; 16: 6–31. (in Russian).
2. Williams B, Mancia G, Spiering W et al. 2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. Eur Heart J 2018; 00: 1–98.
3. Diagnostika, lechenie i profilaktika arterial'noi gipertenzii u detei i podrostkov. Rossiiskie rekomendatsii (vtoroi peresmotr). Kardiovaskuliarnaia terapiia i profilaktika. 2009; 8 (4; Pril. 1): 1–32 (in Russian).
4. Aleksandrov A.A., Bubnova M.G., Kisliak O.A. et al. Profilaktika serdechno-sosudistykh zabolevanii v detskom i podrostkovom vozraste. Rossiiskie rekomendatsii. Ros. kardiol. zhurn. 2012; 6 (Pril. 1): 1–40 (in Russian).
5. Lurbe E, Agabiti-Roseic E, Cruickshankd JK et al. 2016 European Society of Hypertension guidelines for the management of high blood pressure in children and adolescents. J Hypertens 2016; 34 (10): 1887–920. DOI: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000001039
6. Rosner B, Cook NR, Daniels S, Falkner B. Childhood blood pressure trends and risk factors for high blood pressure: the NHANES experience 1988–2008. Hypertension 2013; 62 (2): 247–54.
7. Flynn JT, Kaelber DC, Baker-Smith CM et al. Clinical Practice Guideline for Screening and Management of High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents. Pediatrics 2017; 140 (3): e20171904.
8. Kelishadi R, Mirmoghtadaee P, Najafi H, Keikha M. Systematic review on the association of abdominal obesity in children and adolescents with risk factors. J Res Med Sci 2015; 20 (3): 294–307.
9. Friedemann C, Heneghan C, Mahtani K et al. Cardiovascular disease risk in healthy children and its association with body mass index: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2012; 345: e4759.
10. Flechtner-Mors M, Neuhauser H, Reinehr T et al., APV initiative and the BMBF Competence Network Obesity. Blood pressure in 57,915 pediatric patients who are overweight or obese based on five reference systems. Am J Cardiol 2015; 115: 1587–94.
11. Parker ED, Sinaiko AR, Kharbanda EO et al. Change in weight status and development of hypertension. Pediatrics 2016; 137 (3): e20151662
12. Koebnick C, Black MH, Wu J et al. High blood pressure in overweight and obese youth: implications for screening. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2013; 15 (11): 793–805.
13. Zhang T, Zhang H, Li S et al. Impact of adiposity on incident hypertension is modified by insulin resistance in adults: longitudinal observation from the Bogalusa Heart Study. Hypertension 2016; 67 (1): 56–62.
14. Kaelber DC. IBM explorys cohort discovery tool. www.ibm.com/watson/health/explorys
15. Halbach SM, Martz K, Mattoo T, Flynn J. Predictors of blood pressure and its control in pediatric patients receiving dialysis. J Pediatr 2012; 160 (4): 621–5.
16. Hartzell K, Avis K, Lozano D, Feig D. Obstructive sleep apnea and periodic limb movement disorder in a population of children with hypertension and/or nocturnal nondipping blood pressures. J Am Soc Hypertens 2016; 10 (2): 101–7.
17. Archbold KH, Vasquez MM, Goodwin JL, Quan SF. Effects of sleep patterns and obesity on increases in blood pressure in a 5-year period: report from the Tucson Children’s Assessment of Sleep Apnea Study. J Pediatr 2012; 161 (1): 26–30.
18. Au CT, Ho CK, Wing YK et al. Acute and chronic effects of sleep duration on blood pressure. Pediatrics 2014; 133 (1). www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/133/1/e64
19. The fourth report on the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure in children and adolescents. Pediatrics 2004; 114 (2 Suppl.): 555–76.
20. O’Brien E, Parati G, Stergiou G et al., European Society of Hypertension Working Group on Blood Pressure Monitoring. European Society of Hypertension position paper on ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. J Hypertens 2013; 31: 1731–68.
21. Wuhl E, Witte K, Soergel M et al., German Working Group on Pediatric Hypertension. Distribution of 24-h ambulatory blood pressure in children: normalized reference values and role of body dimensions. J Hypertens 2002; 20: 1995–2007.
22. Mitsnefes M, Flynn J, Cohn S et al; CKiD Study Group. Masked hypertension associates with left ventricular hypertrophy in children with CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol 2010; 21 (1): 137–44.
23. Lurbe E, Thijs L, Torro MI et al. Sexual dimorphism in the transition from masked to sustained hypertension in healthy youths. Hypertension 2013; 62: 410–4.
24. Swartz SJ, Srivaths PR, Croix B, Feig DI. Cost-effectiveness of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in the initial evaluation of hypertension in children. Pediatrics 2008; 122 (6): 1177–81.
25. Valent-Morić B, Zigman T, Zaja-Franulović O et al. The importance of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in children and adolescents. Acta Clin Croat 2012; 51 (1): 59–64.
26. Kavey RE, Kveselis DA, Atallah N, Smith FC. White coat hypertension in childhood: evidence for end-organ effect. J Pediatr 2007; 150 (5): 491–7.
27. Dionne J et al. Pediatric Nephrology Hypertension in infancy: diagnosis, management and outcome. 2012; 27 (1): 17–32.
28. Bochud M, Bovet P, Elston RC et al. High heritability of ambulatory blood pressure in families of East African descent. Hypertension 2005; 45: 445–50.
29. Mancia G, Fagard R, Narkiewicz K et al. 2013 ESH/ESC guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 2013; 34: 2159–219. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht151
30. Khoury PR, Mitsnefes M, Daniels SR, Kimball TR. Age-specific reference intervals for indexed left ventricular mass in children. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2009; 22: 709–14.
31. Moller NC, Grontvve A, Wedderkopp N. Cardiovascular disease risk factors and blood pressure response during in exercise during in health children and adolescents the European Youth Heart study. J Appl Physiol 2010; 109: 1125–32.
32. Aver'ianov S.N., Amcheslavskii V.G., Bagaev V.G., Tepaev R.F. Opredelenie skorosti klubochkovoi fil'tratsii u detei: istoriia i sovremennye podkhody. Pediatricheskaia farmakologiia. 2018; 15 (3): 218–23. DOI: 10.15690/pf.v15i3.1901 (in Russian).
33. Lubrano R, Travasso E, Raggi C et al. Blood pressure load, proteinuria and renal function in prehypertensive children. Pediatr Nephrol 2009; 24: 823–31.
34. Flynn J, Zhang Y, Solar-Yohay S, Shi V. Clinical and demographic characteristics of children with hypertension. Hypertension 2012; 60 (4): 1047–54.
35. Agarwal A, Kapur G, Altinok D. Childhood posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: magnetic resonance imaging findings with emphasis on increased leptomeningeal FLAIR signal. Neuroradiol J 2015; 28: 638–43.
36. Hager A, Kanz S, Kaemmerer H et al. Coarctation Long-term Assessment (COALA): significance of arterial hypertension in a cohort of 404 patients up to 27 years after surgical repair of isolated coarctation of the aorta, even in the absence of restenosis and prosthetic material. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2007; 134 (3): 738–45.
37. Di Salvo G, Castaldi B, Baldini L et al. Masked hypertension in young patients after successful aortic coarctation repair: impact on left ventricular geometry and function. J Hum Hypertens 2011; 25: 739–45.
38. Giordano U, Cifra B, Giannico S et al. Mid-term results, and therapeutic management, for patients suffering hypertension after surgical repair of aortic coarctation. Cardiol Young 2009; 19: 451–5.
39. Moltzer E, Mattace Raso FU, Karamermer Y et al. Comparison of candesartan versus metoprolol for treatment of systemic hypertension after repaired aortic coarctation. Am J Cardiol 2010; 105: 217–22.
40. Baracco R, Kapur G, Mattoo T et al. Prediction of primary vs secondary hypertension in children. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2012; 14 (5): 316–21.
41. Expert Panel on Integrated Guidelines for Cardiovascular Health and Risk Reduction in Children and Adolescents: Summary Report. Pediatrics 2011; 128: S213–256. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2009-2107C
42. Elkins C, Fruh S, Jones L, Bydalek K. Clinical Practice Recommendations for Pediatric Dyslipidemia. J Ped Health Care 2019; 33 (4): 494–504.
43. Zimmet P, Alberti KG, Kaufman F et al; IDF Consensus Group. The metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents an IDF consensus report. Pediatr Diabetes 2007; 8 (5): 299–306.
44. Torrance B, McGuire KA, Lewanczuk R, McGavock J. Overweight, physical activity and high blood pressure in children: a review of the literature. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2007; 3 (1): 139–49.
45. Farpour-Lambert NJ, Aggoun Y, Marchand LM et al. Physical activity reduces systemic blood pressure and improves early markers of atherosclerosis in pre-pubertal obese children. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009; 54 (25): 2396–406. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.08.030
46. Kelley GA, Kelley KS, Tran ZV. The effects of exercise on resting blood pressure in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Prev Cardiol 2003; 6 (1): 8–16.
47. Tompkins CL, Moran K, Preedom S, Brock DW. Physical activity-induced improvements in markers of insulin resistance in overweight and obese children and adolescents. Curr Diabetes Rev 2011; 7 (3): 164–70.
48. Damasceno MM, de Araújo MF, deFreitas RW et al. The association between blood pressure in adolescents and the consumption of fruits, vegetables and fruit juice--an exploratory study. J Clin Nurs 2011; 20 (11–12): 1553–60.
49. Saneei P, Hashemipour M, Kelishadi R et al. Effects of recommendations to follow the dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet v. usual dietary advice on childhood metabolic syndrome: a randomized cross-over clinical trial. Br J Nutr 2013; 110 (12): 2250–9. DOI: 10.1017/S0007114513001724
50. Yang Q, Zhang Z, Kuklina EV et al. Sodium intake and blood pressureamong US children and adolescents. Pediatrics 2012; 130 (4): 611–9. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2011-3870
51. Resnicow K, McMaster F, Bocian A et al. Motivational interviewing and dietary counseling for obesity in primary care: an RCT. Pediatrics 2015; 135 (4): 649–57. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2014-1880
52. Broccoli S, Davoli AM, Bonvicini L et al. Motivational interviewing to treat overweight children: 24-month follow-up of a randomized controlled trial. Pediatrics 2016; 137 (1): e20151979. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2015-1979 30/wjc.v6.i5.234
53. Webb NJ, Shahinfar S, Wells TG et al. Losartan and enalapril are comparable in reducing proteinuria in children. Kidney Int 2012; 82 (7): 819–26. DOI: 10.1038/ki.2012.210
54. Schaefer F, Litwin M, Zachwieja J et al. Efficacy and safety of valsartan compared to enalapril in hypertensive children: a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study. J Hypertens 2011; 29 (12): 2484–90. DOI: 10.1097/HJH.0b013e32834c625c
55. Chu PY, Campbell MJ, Miller SG, Hill KD. Anti-hypertensive drugs in children and adolescents. World J Cardiol 2014; 6: 234–44.
56. Baker-Smith CM, Benjamin DK, Califf RM. Cough in pediatric patients receiving angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy or angiotensin receptor blocker therapy in randomized controlled trials. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2010; 87: 668–71. DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2009.231
57. Schaefer F, Coppo R, Bagga A et al. Efficacy and safety of valsartan in hypertensive children 6 mon to 5 years of age. J Hypertens 2013; 31 (5): 993–1000. DOI: 10.1097/HJH.0b013e32835f5721
58. Trachtman H, Hainer JW, Sugg J. Efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of candesartan cilexetil in hypertensive children aged 6 to 17 years. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2008; 10: 743–50. DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7176.2008.00022
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60. Flynn JT. Efficacy and safety of prolonged amlodipine treatment in hypertensive children. Pediatr Nephrol 2005; 20 (5): 631–5.
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