Актуальность. Одним из наиболее распространенных сочетаний заболеваний в практике врача-кардиолога являются сочетание ишемической болезни сердца (ИБС) и артериальной гипертензии (АГ). Введение контраста в ряде случаев может увеличивать риск развития острого повреждения почек, особенно у больных с коморбидностью. Влияние введения йодсодержащего контрастного вещества на риск развития контраст-ассоциированного острого повреждения почек (КА-ОПП) у больных с ИБС и АГ изучено в нашем исследовании. Материалы и методы. В проспективное открытое наблюдательное когортное исследование (ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT04014153) включены 863 пациента со стабильной ИБС и АГ и показаниями к проведению исследований с внутриартериальным введением контрастного вещества. КА-ОПП определяли при повышении уровня сывороточного креатинина (СК) на 25% и больше от исходного либо на 0,5 мг/дл (44 мкмоль/л) и более от исходного через 48 ч после введения контраста внутриартериально. Первичной конечной точкой считали развитие контраст-индуцированного острого повреждения почек в соответствии с критериями KDIGO (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes). Результаты. Сахарный диабет, ожирение и гиперурикемия при проведении анализа таблиц сопряженности не продемонстрировали статистически значимого влияния на риск развития КА-ОПП в отличие от протеинурии. В разработанную логистическую регрессионную модель с площадью под кривой 0,7638 (p<0,0001, 95% доверительный интервал 0,713–0,815) вошли такие факторы риска, как возраст, масса тела, индекс массы тела, женский пол, наличие сердечной недостаточности, протеинурии, артериальной гипертензии, анемии и исходный уровень СК. При этом статистически значимыми были наличие протеинурии, исходный уровень СК и объем контраста. Заключение. Частота развития КА-ОПП составила 12,6%. У пациентов с АГ и стабильной ИБС статистически значимыми факторами риска развития КА-ОПП являются протеи-
нурия, исходный уровень СК и объем введенного контрастного вещества.
Relevance. The combination of stable coronary artery disease (CAD) and arterial hypertension (AH) is one of the most common seen by cardiologists. The administration of contrast media might increase the risk of development of acute kidney injury, especially in patients with comorbidities. The influence of iodine contrast media administration on the risk of development of contrast-associated acute kidney injury (CA-AKI) in patients with stable CAD and AH was studied in our work.
Materials and methods. 863 patients with stable CAD and AH and indications for interventions requiring intraarterial administration of contrast media were included in the prospective open observational cohort study (ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT04014153). CA-AKI was defined according to KDIGO criteria as the elevation of serum creatinine 25% and more above baseline or 0.5 mg/dl (44 mkmol/l) and more in 48 hours after intraarterial administration of contrast media. The primary endpoint was the development of CA-AKI. Results. Diabetes mellitus, obesity and hyperuricemia were not statistically significant risk factors of CA-AKI development according to the contingency tables analyses, unlike proteinuria. A logistic regression model was built (area under the curve 0.7638, p<0.0001, 95% confidence interval 0.713–0.815) and included the following risk factors: age, weight, body mass index, female gender, heart failure, proteinuria, AH, anemia, baseline creatinine. Proteinuria, baseline creatinine and contrast volume were statistically significant ones. Conclusion. The rate of CA-AKI was 12.6%. Proteinuria, baseline creatinine and contrast volume were statistically significant risk factors of CA-AKI in logistic regression model.
1. Mehran R, Dangas GD, Weisbord SD. Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury. N Engl J Med 2019; 380 (22): 2146–55. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra1805256
2. KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline for Acute Kidney Injury. Kidney Int Suppl 2012; 2 (1): 3. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2157171615310406
3. Williams B, Mancia G, De Backer G et al. 2018 Guidelines for the Management of Arterial Hypertension: The Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). J Hypertens 2018; 25 (6): 1105–87.
4. Conen D, Buerkle G, Perruchoud AP et al. Hypertension is an independent risk factor for contrast nephropathy after percutaneous coronary intervention. Int J Cardiol 2006; 110 (2): 237–41.
5. Toprak O, Cirit M, Yesil M et al. Metabolic syndrome as a risk factor for contrast-induced nephropathy in non-diabetic elderly patients with renal impairment. Kidney Blood Press Res 2006; 29 (1): 2–9.
6. McCullough PA. Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury. Crit Care Nephrol Third Ed 2017; 282–8.
7. Pistolesi V, Regolisti G, Morabito S et al. Contrast medium induced acute kidney injury: a narrative review. J Nephrol 2018; 31 (6): 797–812. DOI: 10.1007/s40620-018-0498-y
8. Van der Molen AJ, Reimer P, Dekkers IA et al. Post-contrast acute kidney injury. Part 2: risk stratification, role of hydration and other prophylactic measures, patients taking metformin and chronic dialysis patients. Eur Radiol 2018; 28 (7): 2856–69.
9. Tsai TT, Patel UD, Chang TI et al. Contemporary incidence, predictors, and outcomes of acute kidney injury in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions: Insights from the NCDR cath-PCI registry. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2014; 7 (1): 1–9.
10. Andò G, De Gregorio C, Morabito G et al. Renal function-adjusted contrast volume redefines the baseline estimation of contrast-induced acute kidney injury risk in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2014; 7 (4): 465–72.
11. Gurm HS, Dixon SR, Smith DE et al. Renal function-based contrast dosing to define safe limits of radiographic contrast media in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011; 58 (9): 907–14. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2011.05.023
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1. Mehran R, Dangas GD, Weisbord SD. Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury. N Engl J Med 2019; 380 (22): 2146–55. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra1805256
2. KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline for Acute Kidney Injury. Kidney Int Suppl 2012; 2 (1): 3. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2157171615310406
3. Williams B, Mancia G, De Backer G et al. 2018 Guidelines for the Management of Arterial Hypertension: The Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). J Hypertens 2018; 25 (6): 1105–87.
4. Conen D, Buerkle G, Perruchoud AP et al. Hypertension is an independent risk factor for contrast nephropathy after percutaneous coronary intervention. Int J Cardiol 2006; 110 (2): 237–41.
5. Toprak O, Cirit M, Yesil M et al. Metabolic syndrome as a risk factor for contrast-induced nephropathy in non-diabetic elderly patients with renal impairment. Kidney Blood Press Res 2006; 29 (1): 2–9.
6. McCullough PA. Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury. Crit Care Nephrol Third Ed 2017; 282–8.
7. Pistolesi V, Regolisti G, Morabito S et al. Contrast medium induced acute kidney injury: a narrative review. J Nephrol 2018; 31 (6): 797–812. DOI: 10.1007/s40620-018-0498-y
8. Van der Molen AJ, Reimer P, Dekkers IA et al. Post-contrast acute kidney injury. Part 2: risk stratification, role of hydration and other prophylactic measures, patients taking metformin and chronic dialysis patients. Eur Radiol 2018; 28 (7): 2856–69.
9. Tsai TT, Patel UD, Chang TI et al. Contemporary incidence, predictors, and outcomes of acute kidney injury in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions: Insights from the NCDR cath-PCI registry. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2014; 7 (1): 1–9.
10. Andò G, De Gregorio C, Morabito G et al. Renal function-adjusted contrast volume redefines the baseline estimation of contrast-induced acute kidney injury risk in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2014; 7 (4): 465–72.
11. Gurm HS, Dixon SR, Smith DE et al. Renal function-based contrast dosing to define safe limits of radiographic contrast media in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011; 58 (9): 907–14. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2011.05.023
Авторы
О.Ю. Миронова*, В.В. Фомин
ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет),
Москва, Россия
*mironova_o_yu@staff.sechenov.ru