Выполнен ретроспективный анализ течения болезни у 1341 больной раком молочной железы (РМЖ) I стадии (T1N0M0); пациентки получили радикальное хирургическое лечение в РОНЦ им. Н.Н.Блохина РАМН и Клинике РМАПО с 1985 по 2012 г., а также адъювантную лучевую и/или системную терапию. Были выявлены существенные изменения в подходах к лечению в течение 20 лет: несмотря на то что доля органосохраняющего хирургического и лучевого лечения осталась неизменной, произошло перераспределение структуры локального лечения. Лучевая терапия стала обязательным компонентом органосохраняющего лечения и дополнилась проведением «буста» на ложе удаленной опухоли, что позволило обеспечить высокий уровень локального контроля (доля локальных рецидивов сократилась в течение 20 лет с 14,2 до 3%). Адъювантная лекарственная терапия при РМЖ I стадии стала использоваться у подавляющего большинства (86,7%) пациенток: существенно увеличилась доля женщин, получивших эндокринотерапию (с 20,7 до 44,3%), химиотерапию – ХТ (с 2,6 до 13,6%) или химиогормонотерапию (с 8,4 до 28,8%). Произошли важные изменения в режимах ХТ: на смену безантрациклиновым режимам (CMF) пришли антрациклинсодержащие комбинации, после 2005 г. – таксаны, а у пациенток с HER2-позитивным раком – трастузумаб. Сократилась доля пациенток, получающих эндокринотерапию только тамоксифеном (с 84,2 до 52,4%), в пользу других режимов (ингибиторов ароматазы – ИА и последовательных режимов). Активное внедрение в клиническую практику адъювантной системной терапии и усовершенствование ее методик привело более чем к 6-кратному сокращению доли отдаленных рецидивов болезни (с 27,3 до 4,0%), что благоприятно отразилось на показателях отдаленной выживаемости при РМЖ I стадии.
Ключевые слова: рак молочной железы I стадии, эволюция локального и системного лечения, адъювантная лекарственная терапия, рецидивы рака молочной железы, выживаемость при раке молочной железы.
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A retrospective analysis of the course of the disease in 1341 patients with breast cancer stages I (T1N0M0) was made; patients received radical surgery ± adjuvant radiotherapy and/or systemic therapy in the Blokhin RCRC and Clinic of RMAPE from 1985 to 2012. There were significant changes in the approach to treatment for 20 years; the proportion of breast-conservative surgery and radiotherapy remained unchanged, however there was a redistribution structure of local treatment. Radiotherapy has become essential component of breast-conservative treatment and supplemented with a «boost» in the tumor bed, thus ensuring a high level of local control (the proportion of local recurrence was reduced to 20 years from 14,2 to 3%). Adjuvant systemic therapy in breast cancer stage I was used in the majority of patients (86,7%) significantly increased the proportion of women who received endocrinotherapy (from 20,7 to 44,3%), chemotherapy (from 2,6 to 13,6%), or both systemic therapy (from 8,4 to 28,8%). There have been important changes in regimes of chemotherapy to replace non-anthracycline combination (CMF) came to anthracycline and taxanes after – 2005 later and trastuzumab – in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer. The part of patients received endocrinotherapy tamoxifen alone descreased (from 84,2 to 52,4%) in favor of other regime (aromatase inhibitors and sequential modes). Active introduction into clinical practice of adjuvant systemic therapy and improvement of its methods has led to more than 6-fold reduction in the proportion of distant recurrence of disease (from 27,3 to 4,0%) had a positive impact on long-term survival rates for breast cancer stage I.
Key words: breast cancer stage I, development of local and systemic treatment, adjuvant system therapy, recurrences of breast cancer, survival in breast cancer.
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1 ГБОУ ДПО РМАПО Минздрава РФ, Москва
2 ФГБУ Российский онкологический научный центр им. Н.Н.Блохина РАМН, Москва
3 Клиника ГБОУ ДПО РМАПО Минздрава РФ, Москва