Нейроэндокринный рак предстательной железы (обзор литературы)

Аббасова Д.В., Поликарпова С.Б., Козлов Н.А. и др. Нейроэндокринный рак предстательной железы (обзор литературы). Современная Онкология. 2019; 21 (3): 52–55. DOI: 10.26442/18151434.2019.3.190673

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Abbasova D.V., Polikarpova S.B., Kozlov N.A. et al. Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate (review of the literature). Journal of Modern Oncology. 2019; 21 (3): 52–55. DOI: 10.26442/18151434.2019.3.190673

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Аннотация

Нейроэндокринная неоплазия (NEC) предстательной железы (ПЖ) является достаточно редкой внелегочной нейроэндокринной карциномой и составляет всего от 0,5 до 1% от всех злокачественных новообразований ПЖ. NEC ПЖ – опухоль эпителиального происхождения, гистологически и иммуногистохимически идентичная аналогам в легких и пищеварительной системе. На микроскопическом уровне при обычном окрашивании гемотоксилин-эозином нейроэндокринные клетки не всегда можно визуализировать, лучше всего они распознаются при иммуногистохимическом методе исследования с помощью специфических маркеров. В настоящее время используется ряд нейроэндокринных маркеров, экспрессия которых может свидетельствовать о нейроэндокринной природе. Сами по себе нейроэндокринные клетки андроген-независимы и не вызывают повышения концентрации простат-специфического антигена. NEC ПЖ представлены несколькими гистологическими формами по классификации Всемирной организации здравоохранения (2015 г.): 1. Аденокарцинома с очаговой нейроэндокринной дифференцировкой. 2. Высокодифференцированная нейроэндокриная опухоль (карциноид). 3. Мелкоклеточный нейроэндокринный рак - низкодифференцированный рак с высоким злокачественным потенциалом. 4. Крупноклеточный нейроэндокринный рак – высокозлокачественная опухоль. Ввиду редкости NEC ПЖ специфический алгоритм диагностики и лечения не разработан, как правило, они аналогичны методам других злокачественных форм рака ПЖ и нейроэндокринных опухолей.

Ключевые слова: нейроэндокринные опухоли предстательной железы, нейроэндокринные неоплазии редких локализаций, карциноид предстательной железы, мелкоклеточная карцинома предстательной железы, крупноклеточная карцинома предстательной железы.

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Neuroendocrine neoplasia (NEC) of the prostate gland is a rather rare extrapulmonary neuroendocrine carcinoma and makes up only 0.5 to 1% of all malignant neoplasms of this localization. NEC of the prostate gland is a tumor of epithelial origin, histologically and immunohistochemically identical to analogues in the lungs and digestive system. When stained with hemotoxylin-eosin, neuroendocrine cells cannot always be visualized; they are best recognized by the immunohistochemical method of investigation using specific markers. Currently, a number of neuroendocrine markers are used, the expression of which may indicate a neuroendocrine nature. Androgen neuroendocrine cells themselves are independent and do not cause an increase in the concentration of prostate-specific antigen. Prostate NECs are represented by some histological forms according to WHO classification (2015): 1. Adenocarcinoma with focal neuroendocrine differentiation. 2. Well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor. 3. Small cell neuroendocrine cancer is a high – grade tumor with high malignant potential. 4. Large cell neuroendocrine cancer is a high – grade tumor. Due to the rarity of NEC of the prostate, a specific algorithm for diagnosis and treatment has not been developed, as a rule, they are similar to methods of other malignant forms of prostate cancer and neuroendocrine tumors.

Key words: neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate, small cell carcinoma, paneth cell-like, large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, carcinoid.

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Авторы

Д.В. Аббасова*1, С.Б. Поликарпова1, Н.А. Козлов2, М.П. Баранова3, И.П. Коваленко2, Е.И. Игнатова2

1 ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет), Москва, Россия;
2 ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия;
3 ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия
*dariaabbasova@yandex.ru

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Daria V. Abbasova*1, Svetlana B. Polikarpova1, Nikolai A. Kozlov2, Madina P. Baranova3, Irina P. Kovalenko2, Elena I. Ignatova2

1 Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia;
2 Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia;
3 Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia
*dariaabbasova@yandex.ru

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