Материалы доступны только для специалистов сферы здравоохранения.
Чтобы посмотреть материал полностью
Авторизуйтесь
или зарегистрируйтесь.
Ленватиниб в I линии терапии пациентов с гепатоцеллюлярной карциномой промежуточной стадии, за рамками критериев «до 7», и функцией печени класса А по шкале Чайлда–Пью: исследование проверки концепции
Ленватиниб в I линии терапии пациентов с гепатоцеллюлярной карциномой промежуточной стадии, за рамками критериев «до 7», и функцией печени класса А по шкале Чайлда–Пью: исследование проверки концепции
________________________________________________
DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081084
Материалы доступны только для специалистов сферы здравоохранения.
Чтобы посмотреть материал полностью
Авторизуйтесь
или зарегистрируйтесь.
Аннотация
Трансартериальная химиоэмболизация (ТАХЭ) хоть и является стандартом лечения гепатоцеллюлярной карциномы (ГЦК) промежуточной стадии, но это в значительной степени гетерогенное заболевание и включает подгруппу пациентов, у которых ТАХЭ неэффективна. Стратегия лечения данной подгруппы пациентов в настоящее время остается нерешенной проблемой клинической практики. Нами проведено исследование для проверки концепции (proof-of-concept) о том, что ленватиниб может быть более предпочтительным вариантом лечения по сравнению с ТАХЭ в качестве терапии 1-й линии у пациентов с ГЦК промежуточной стадии с крупными или многоузловыми опухолями, превышающими критерии «до 7». В данное исследование для проверки концепции ретроспективно были включены 642 пациента с ГЦК, получавших в качестве терапии 1-й линии ленватиниб или классическую ТАХЭ (кTAХЭ) в период с января 2006 по декабрь 2018 г. Из них для исследования отобраны 176 пациентов, которые получали начальную терапию ленватинибом или кТАХЭ и соответствовали критериям отбора (неоперабельность, несоответствие критериям «до 7», отсутствие предшествующей ТАХЭ/системной терапии, отсутствие сосудистой инвазии, отсутствие внепеченочного распространения опухоли и функция печени по шкале Чайлда–Пью А). Для корректировки демографических характеристик пациентов проведена псевдорандомизация (propensity score matching). После сопоставления характеристик изучаемых групп сравнивали исходы у 30 пациентов, получавших лечение ленватинибом проспективно (14 – в клинических исследованиях, 1 – в программе раннего доступа и 15 – в реальных условиях), и 60 пациентов, получавших кТАХЭ в качестве терапии 1-й линии. К концу лечения показатель альбумин-билирубин (ALBI) изменился по сравнению с исходным уровнем с -2,61 до -2,61 у 30 пациентов в группе ленватиниба (p=0,254) и с -2,66 до -2,09 в группе кТАХЭ (p<0,01) соответственно. Группа ленватиниба показала значительно более высокую частоту объективного ответа (73,3% vs 33,3%; p<0,001) и значительно более продолжительную медиану выживаемости без прогрессирования, чем группа кТАХЭ (16,0 мес vs 3,0 мес; p<0,001). Общая выживаемость была значительно выше в группе ленватиниба в сравнении с группой кТАХЭ (37,9 мес vs 21,3 мес, отношение рисков 0,48; р<0,01). У пациентов с крупными очагами или многоузловой формой ГЦК промежуточной стадии, несоответствие критериям «до 7» и функцией печени по шкале Чайлда–Пью А, которые обычно не получают эффекта от ТАХЭ, лечение ленватинибом приводило к более благоприятным исходам, чем ТАХЭ.
Ключевые слова: гепатоцеллюлярная карцинома, ленватиниб, трансартериальная химиоэмболизация, промежуточная стадия, критерии «до 7».
Key words: hepatocellular carcinoma, lenvatinib, transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, intermediate stage, up-to-seven criteria.
Ключевые слова: гепатоцеллюлярная карцинома, ленватиниб, трансартериальная химиоэмболизация, промежуточная стадия, критерии «до 7».
________________________________________________
Key words: hepatocellular carcinoma, lenvatinib, transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, intermediate stage, up-to-seven criteria.
Полный текст
Список литературы
1. El-Serag HB, Rudolph KL. Hepatocellular carcinoma: Epidemiology and molecular carcinogenesis. Gastroenterology 2007; 132: 2557–76.
2. Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Dikshit R et al. Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: Sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012. Int J Cancer 2015; 136: E359–E386.
3. Balogh J, Victor DIII, Asham EH et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma: A review. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2016; 3: 41–53.
4. GLOBOCAN. 2018. http://gco.iarc.fr/today/fact-sheets-cancers (accessed on 1 January 2019).
5. European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: Management of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol 2018; 69:182–236.
6. Bruix J, Reig M, Sherman M. Evidence-Based Diagnosis, Staging, and Treatment of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Gastroenterology 2016; 150: 835–53.
7. Bolondi L, Burroughs A, Dufour JF et al. Heterogeneity of patients with intermediate (BCLC B) Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Proposal for a subclassification to facilitate treatment decisions. Semin Liver Dis 2012; 32: 348–59.
8. Kudo M, Arizumi T, Ueshima K et al. Subclassification of BCLC B Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Treatment Strategies: Proposal of Modified Bolondi’s Subclassification (Kinki Criteria). Dig Dis 2015; 33: 751–8.
9. Kudo M. Lenvatinib may drastically change the treatment landscape of hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Cancer 2018; 7: 1–19.
10. Arizumi T, Minami T, Chishina H et al. Time to Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization Refractoriness in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Kinki Criteria Stages B1 and B2. Dig Dis 2017; 35: 589–97.
11. Matsui J, Funahashi Y, Uenaka T et al. Multi-kinase inhibitor E7080 suppresses lymph node and lung metastases of human mammary breast tumor MDA-MB-231 via inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor-receptor (VEGF-R) 2 and VEGF-R3 kinase. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14: 5459–65.
12. Matsui J, Yamamoto Y, Funahashi Y et al. E7080, a novel inhibitor that targets multiple kinases, has potent antitumor activities against stem cell factor producing human small cell lung cancer H146, based on angiogenesis inhibition. Int J Cancer 2008; 122: 664–71.
13. Yamada K, Yamamoto N, Yamada Y et al. Phase I dose-escalation study and biomarker analysis of E7080 in patients with advanced solid tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17: 2528–37.
14. Boss DS, Glen H, Beijnen JH et al. A phase I study of E7080, a multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in patients with advanced solid tumours. Br J Cancer 2012; 106: 1598–604.
15. Kudo M, Finn RS, Qin S et al. Lenvatinib versus sorafenib in first-line treatment of patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: A randomised phase 3 non-inferiority trial. Lancet 2018; 391: 1163–73.
16. Yamashita T, Kudo, M, Ikeda K et al. REFLECT-A phase 3 trial comparing efficacy and safety of lenvatinib to sorafenib for the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: Ananalysis of Japanesesubset. J Gastroenterol 2019; 54: 558–70.
17. Kudo M. Extremely High Objective Response Rate of Lenvatinib: Its Clinical Relevance and Changing the Treatment Paradigm in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Liver Cancer 2018; 7: 215–24.
18. Kudo M. Lenvatinib in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Liver Cancer 2017; 6: 253–63.
19. Ogasawara S, Chiba T, Ooka Y et al. Efficacy of Sorafenib in Intermediate-Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Refractory to Transarterial Chemoembolization. Oncology 2014, 87, 330–41.
20. Arizumi T, Ueshima K, Minami T et al. Effiectiveness of Sorafenib in patients with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) refractory and intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Cancer 2015; 4: 253–62.
21. Hiraoka A, Kumada T, Kudo M et al. Hepatic Function during Repeated TACE Procedures and Prognosis after Introducing Sorafenib in Patients with Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Multicenter Analysis. Dig Dis 2017; 35: 602–10.
22. Arizumi T, Minami T, Chishina H et al. Impact of Tumor Factors on Survival in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Classified Based on Kinki Criteria Stage B2. Dig Dis 2017; 35: 583–8.
23. Marrero JA, Kulik LM, Sirlin CB et al. Diagnosis, Staging, and Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: 2018 Practice Guidance by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology 2018; 68: 723–50.
24. Omata M, Cheng AL, Kokudo N et al. Asia-Pacific clinical practice guidelines on the management of hepatocellular carcinoma: A 2017 update. Hepatol Int 2017; 11: 317–70.
25. Kudo M, Trevisani F, Abou-Alfa GK, Rimassa L. Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Therapeutic Guidelines and Medical Treatment. Liver Cancer 2017; 6: 16–26.
26. Ikeda K, Kudo M, Kawazoe S et al. Phase 2 study of lenvatinib in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastroenterol 2017; 52: 512–19.
27. National Cancer Institute. Protocol Development. Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program. https://ctep.cancer.gov/protocolDevelopment/electronic_applications/ctc.htm (accessed on 21 March 2017).
28. Kudo M, Ueshima K, Yokosuka O et al. Sorafenib plus low-dose cisplatin and fluorouracil hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy versus sorafenib alone in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (SILIUS): A randomised, open label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 3: 424–32.
29. Kudo M, Matsui O, Izumi N et al. JSH Consensus-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: 2014 Update by the Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan. Liver Cancer 2014; 3: 458–68.
30. Austin PC, Mamdani MM. A comparison of propensity score methods: A case-study estimating thee_ectiveness of post-AMI statin use. Stat Med 2006; 25: 2084–106.
31. Lencioni R, Llovet JM. Modified RECIST (mRECIST) assessment for hepatocellular carcinoma. Semin. Liver Dis 2010; 30: 52–60.
32. Arizumi T, Ueshima K, Iwanishi M et al. Validation of a Modified Substaging System (Kinki Criteria) for Patients with Intermediate-Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Oncology 2015; 89 (Suppl. S2): 47–52.
33. Peck-Radosavljevic M, Kudo M, Raoul JL et al. Outcomes of patients (pts) with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE): Global OPTIMIS final analysis. J Clin Oncol 2018; 36: 4018.
34. Yasui Y, Tsuchiya K, Kurosaki M et al. Up-to-seven criteria as a useful predictor for tumor downstaging to within Milan criteria and Child-Pugh grade deterioration after initial conventional transarterial chemoembolization. Hepatol Res 2018; 48: 442–50.
35. Kimura H, Ohkawa K, Miyazaki M et al. Subclassification of patients with intermediate-stage (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage-B) hepatocellular carcinoma using the up-to-seven criteria and serum tumor markers. Hepatol Int 2017; 11: 105–14.
36. Takayasu K, Arii S, Kudo M et al. Superselective transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma. Validation of treatment algorithm proposed by Japanese guidelines. J Hepatol 2012; 56: 886–92.
37. Terashima T, Yamashita T, Arai K et al. Beneficial Effect of Maintaining Hepatic Reserve during Chemotherapy on the Outcomes of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Liver Cancer 2017; 6: 236–49.
38. Ueshima K, Nishida N, Hagiwara S et al. Impact of baseline ALBI grade on the outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with lenvatinib: A multicenter study. Cancers 2019; 11: 952.
39. Li X, Feng GS, Zheng CS et al. Expression of plasma vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and effect of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization therapy on plasma vascular endothelial growth factor level. World J Gastroenterol 2004; 10: 2878–82.
40. Carmeliet P, Jain RK. Angiogenesis in cancer and other diseases. Nature 2000; 407: 249–57.
41. Wang B, Xu H, Gao ZQ et al. Increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in hepatocellular carcinoma after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. Acta Radiol 2008; 49: 523–9.
42. Sergio A, Cristofori C, Cardin R et al. Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): The role of angiogenesis and invasiveness. Am J Gastroenterol 2008; 103: 914–21.
43. Jiang H, Meng Q, Tan H et al. Antiangiogenic therapy enhances the efficacy of transcatheter arterial embolization for hepatocellular carcinomas. Int J Cancer 2007; 121: 416–24.
44. Jain RK. Normalization of tumor vasculature: An emerging concept in antiangiogenic therapy. Science 2005; 307: 58–62.
45. Kano MR, Komuta Y, Iwata C et al. Comparison of the effects of the kinase inhibitors imatinib, sorafenib, and transforming growth factor-beta receptor inhibitor on extravasation of nanoparticles from neovasculature. Cancer Sci 2009; 100: 173–80.
2. Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Dikshit R et al. Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: Sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012. Int J Cancer 2015; 136: E359–E386.
3. Balogh J, Victor DIII, Asham EH et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma: A review. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2016; 3: 41–53.
4. GLOBOCAN. 2018. http://gco.iarc.fr/today/fact-sheets-cancers (accessed on 1 January 2019).
5. European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: Management of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol 2018; 69:182–236.
6. Bruix J, Reig M, Sherman M. Evidence-Based Diagnosis, Staging, and Treatment of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Gastroenterology 2016; 150: 835–53.
7. Bolondi L, Burroughs A, Dufour JF et al. Heterogeneity of patients with intermediate (BCLC B) Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Proposal for a subclassification to facilitate treatment decisions. Semin Liver Dis 2012; 32: 348–59.
8. Kudo M, Arizumi T, Ueshima K et al. Subclassification of BCLC B Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Treatment Strategies: Proposal of Modified Bolondi’s Subclassification (Kinki Criteria). Dig Dis 2015; 33: 751–8.
9. Kudo M. Lenvatinib may drastically change the treatment landscape of hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Cancer 2018; 7: 1–19.
10. Arizumi T, Minami T, Chishina H et al. Time to Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization Refractoriness in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Kinki Criteria Stages B1 and B2. Dig Dis 2017; 35: 589–97.
11. Matsui J, Funahashi Y, Uenaka T et al. Multi-kinase inhibitor E7080 suppresses lymph node and lung metastases of human mammary breast tumor MDA-MB-231 via inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor-receptor (VEGF-R) 2 and VEGF-R3 kinase. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14: 5459–65.
12. Matsui J, Yamamoto Y, Funahashi Y et al. E7080, a novel inhibitor that targets multiple kinases, has potent antitumor activities against stem cell factor producing human small cell lung cancer H146, based on angiogenesis inhibition. Int J Cancer 2008; 122: 664–71.
13. Yamada K, Yamamoto N, Yamada Y et al. Phase I dose-escalation study and biomarker analysis of E7080 in patients with advanced solid tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17: 2528–37.
14. Boss DS, Glen H, Beijnen JH et al. A phase I study of E7080, a multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in patients with advanced solid tumours. Br J Cancer 2012; 106: 1598–604.
15. Kudo M, Finn RS, Qin S et al. Lenvatinib versus sorafenib in first-line treatment of patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: A randomised phase 3 non-inferiority trial. Lancet 2018; 391: 1163–73.
16. Yamashita T, Kudo, M, Ikeda K et al. REFLECT-A phase 3 trial comparing efficacy and safety of lenvatinib to sorafenib for the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: Ananalysis of Japanesesubset. J Gastroenterol 2019; 54: 558–70.
17. Kudo M. Extremely High Objective Response Rate of Lenvatinib: Its Clinical Relevance and Changing the Treatment Paradigm in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Liver Cancer 2018; 7: 215–24.
18. Kudo M. Lenvatinib in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Liver Cancer 2017; 6: 253–63.
19. Ogasawara S, Chiba T, Ooka Y et al. Efficacy of Sorafenib in Intermediate-Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Refractory to Transarterial Chemoembolization. Oncology 2014, 87, 330–41.
20. Arizumi T, Ueshima K, Minami T et al. Effiectiveness of Sorafenib in patients with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) refractory and intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Cancer 2015; 4: 253–62.
21. Hiraoka A, Kumada T, Kudo M et al. Hepatic Function during Repeated TACE Procedures and Prognosis after Introducing Sorafenib in Patients with Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Multicenter Analysis. Dig Dis 2017; 35: 602–10.
22. Arizumi T, Minami T, Chishina H et al. Impact of Tumor Factors on Survival in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Classified Based on Kinki Criteria Stage B2. Dig Dis 2017; 35: 583–8.
23. Marrero JA, Kulik LM, Sirlin CB et al. Diagnosis, Staging, and Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: 2018 Practice Guidance by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology 2018; 68: 723–50.
24. Omata M, Cheng AL, Kokudo N et al. Asia-Pacific clinical practice guidelines on the management of hepatocellular carcinoma: A 2017 update. Hepatol Int 2017; 11: 317–70.
25. Kudo M, Trevisani F, Abou-Alfa GK, Rimassa L. Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Therapeutic Guidelines and Medical Treatment. Liver Cancer 2017; 6: 16–26.
26. Ikeda K, Kudo M, Kawazoe S et al. Phase 2 study of lenvatinib in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastroenterol 2017; 52: 512–19.
27. National Cancer Institute. Protocol Development. Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program. https://ctep.cancer.gov/protocolDevelopment/electronic_applications/ctc.htm (accessed on 21 March 2017).
28. Kudo M, Ueshima K, Yokosuka O et al. Sorafenib plus low-dose cisplatin and fluorouracil hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy versus sorafenib alone in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (SILIUS): A randomised, open label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 3: 424–32.
29. Kudo M, Matsui O, Izumi N et al. JSH Consensus-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: 2014 Update by the Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan. Liver Cancer 2014; 3: 458–68.
30. Austin PC, Mamdani MM. A comparison of propensity score methods: A case-study estimating thee_ectiveness of post-AMI statin use. Stat Med 2006; 25: 2084–106.
31. Lencioni R, Llovet JM. Modified RECIST (mRECIST) assessment for hepatocellular carcinoma. Semin. Liver Dis 2010; 30: 52–60.
32. Arizumi T, Ueshima K, Iwanishi M et al. Validation of a Modified Substaging System (Kinki Criteria) for Patients with Intermediate-Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Oncology 2015; 89 (Suppl. S2): 47–52.
33. Peck-Radosavljevic M, Kudo M, Raoul JL et al. Outcomes of patients (pts) with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE): Global OPTIMIS final analysis. J Clin Oncol 2018; 36: 4018.
34. Yasui Y, Tsuchiya K, Kurosaki M et al. Up-to-seven criteria as a useful predictor for tumor downstaging to within Milan criteria and Child-Pugh grade deterioration after initial conventional transarterial chemoembolization. Hepatol Res 2018; 48: 442–50.
35. Kimura H, Ohkawa K, Miyazaki M et al. Subclassification of patients with intermediate-stage (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage-B) hepatocellular carcinoma using the up-to-seven criteria and serum tumor markers. Hepatol Int 2017; 11: 105–14.
36. Takayasu K, Arii S, Kudo M et al. Superselective transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma. Validation of treatment algorithm proposed by Japanese guidelines. J Hepatol 2012; 56: 886–92.
37. Terashima T, Yamashita T, Arai K et al. Beneficial Effect of Maintaining Hepatic Reserve during Chemotherapy on the Outcomes of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Liver Cancer 2017; 6: 236–49.
38. Ueshima K, Nishida N, Hagiwara S et al. Impact of baseline ALBI grade on the outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with lenvatinib: A multicenter study. Cancers 2019; 11: 952.
39. Li X, Feng GS, Zheng CS et al. Expression of plasma vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and effect of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization therapy on plasma vascular endothelial growth factor level. World J Gastroenterol 2004; 10: 2878–82.
40. Carmeliet P, Jain RK. Angiogenesis in cancer and other diseases. Nature 2000; 407: 249–57.
41. Wang B, Xu H, Gao ZQ et al. Increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in hepatocellular carcinoma after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. Acta Radiol 2008; 49: 523–9.
42. Sergio A, Cristofori C, Cardin R et al. Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): The role of angiogenesis and invasiveness. Am J Gastroenterol 2008; 103: 914–21.
43. Jiang H, Meng Q, Tan H et al. Antiangiogenic therapy enhances the efficacy of transcatheter arterial embolization for hepatocellular carcinomas. Int J Cancer 2007; 121: 416–24.
44. Jain RK. Normalization of tumor vasculature: An emerging concept in antiangiogenic therapy. Science 2005; 307: 58–62.
45. Kano MR, Komuta Y, Iwata C et al. Comparison of the effects of the kinase inhibitors imatinib, sorafenib, and transforming growth factor-beta receptor inhibitor on extravasation of nanoparticles from neovasculature. Cancer Sci 2009; 100: 173–80.
2. Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Dikshit R et al. Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: Sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012. Int J Cancer 2015; 136: E359–E386.
3. Balogh J, Victor DIII, Asham EH et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma: A review. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2016; 3: 41–53.
4. GLOBOCAN. 2018. http://gco.iarc.fr/today/fact-sheets-cancers (accessed on 1 January 2019).
5. European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: Management of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol 2018; 69:182–236.
6. Bruix J, Reig M, Sherman M. Evidence-Based Diagnosis, Staging, and Treatment of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Gastroenterology 2016; 150: 835–53.
7. Bolondi L, Burroughs A, Dufour JF et al. Heterogeneity of patients with intermediate (BCLC B) Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Proposal for a subclassification to facilitate treatment decisions. Semin Liver Dis 2012; 32: 348–59.
8. Kudo M, Arizumi T, Ueshima K et al. Subclassification of BCLC B Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Treatment Strategies: Proposal of Modified Bolondi’s Subclassification (Kinki Criteria). Dig Dis 2015; 33: 751–8.
9. Kudo M. Lenvatinib may drastically change the treatment landscape of hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Cancer 2018; 7: 1–19.
10. Arizumi T, Minami T, Chishina H et al. Time to Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization Refractoriness in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Kinki Criteria Stages B1 and B2. Dig Dis 2017; 35: 589–97.
11. Matsui J, Funahashi Y, Uenaka T et al. Multi-kinase inhibitor E7080 suppresses lymph node and lung metastases of human mammary breast tumor MDA-MB-231 via inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor-receptor (VEGF-R) 2 and VEGF-R3 kinase. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14: 5459–65.
12. Matsui J, Yamamoto Y, Funahashi Y et al. E7080, a novel inhibitor that targets multiple kinases, has potent antitumor activities against stem cell factor producing human small cell lung cancer H146, based on angiogenesis inhibition. Int J Cancer 2008; 122: 664–71.
13. Yamada K, Yamamoto N, Yamada Y et al. Phase I dose-escalation study and biomarker analysis of E7080 in patients with advanced solid tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17: 2528–37.
14. Boss DS, Glen H, Beijnen JH et al. A phase I study of E7080, a multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in patients with advanced solid tumours. Br J Cancer 2012; 106: 1598–604.
15. Kudo M, Finn RS, Qin S et al. Lenvatinib versus sorafenib in first-line treatment of patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: A randomised phase 3 non-inferiority trial. Lancet 2018; 391: 1163–73.
16. Yamashita T, Kudo, M, Ikeda K et al. REFLECT-A phase 3 trial comparing efficacy and safety of lenvatinib to sorafenib for the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: Ananalysis of Japanesesubset. J Gastroenterol 2019; 54: 558–70.
17. Kudo M. Extremely High Objective Response Rate of Lenvatinib: Its Clinical Relevance and Changing the Treatment Paradigm in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Liver Cancer 2018; 7: 215–24.
18. Kudo M. Lenvatinib in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Liver Cancer 2017; 6: 253–63.
19. Ogasawara S, Chiba T, Ooka Y et al. Efficacy of Sorafenib in Intermediate-Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Refractory to Transarterial Chemoembolization. Oncology 2014, 87, 330–41.
20. Arizumi T, Ueshima K, Minami T et al. Effiectiveness of Sorafenib in patients with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) refractory and intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Cancer 2015; 4: 253–62.
21. Hiraoka A, Kumada T, Kudo M et al. Hepatic Function during Repeated TACE Procedures and Prognosis after Introducing Sorafenib in Patients with Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Multicenter Analysis. Dig Dis 2017; 35: 602–10.
22. Arizumi T, Minami T, Chishina H et al. Impact of Tumor Factors on Survival in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Classified Based on Kinki Criteria Stage B2. Dig Dis 2017; 35: 583–8.
23. Marrero JA, Kulik LM, Sirlin CB et al. Diagnosis, Staging, and Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: 2018 Practice Guidance by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology 2018; 68: 723–50.
24. Omata M, Cheng AL, Kokudo N et al. Asia-Pacific clinical practice guidelines on the management of hepatocellular carcinoma: A 2017 update. Hepatol Int 2017; 11: 317–70.
25. Kudo M, Trevisani F, Abou-Alfa GK, Rimassa L. Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Therapeutic Guidelines and Medical Treatment. Liver Cancer 2017; 6: 16–26.
26. Ikeda K, Kudo M, Kawazoe S et al. Phase 2 study of lenvatinib in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastroenterol 2017; 52: 512–19.
27. National Cancer Institute. Protocol Development. Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program. https://ctep.cancer.gov/protocolDevelopment/electronic_applications/ctc.htm (accessed on 21 March 2017).
28. Kudo M, Ueshima K, Yokosuka O et al. Sorafenib plus low-dose cisplatin and fluorouracil hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy versus sorafenib alone in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (SILIUS): A randomised, open label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 3: 424–32.
29. Kudo M, Matsui O, Izumi N et al. JSH Consensus-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: 2014 Update by the Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan. Liver Cancer 2014; 3: 458–68.
30. Austin PC, Mamdani MM. A comparison of propensity score methods: A case-study estimating thee_ectiveness of post-AMI statin use. Stat Med 2006; 25: 2084–106.
31. Lencioni R, Llovet JM. Modified RECIST (mRECIST) assessment for hepatocellular carcinoma. Semin. Liver Dis 2010; 30: 52–60.
32. Arizumi T, Ueshima K, Iwanishi M et al. Validation of a Modified Substaging System (Kinki Criteria) for Patients with Intermediate-Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Oncology 2015; 89 (Suppl. S2): 47–52.
33. Peck-Radosavljevic M, Kudo M, Raoul JL et al. Outcomes of patients (pts) with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE): Global OPTIMIS final analysis. J Clin Oncol 2018; 36: 4018.
34. Yasui Y, Tsuchiya K, Kurosaki M et al. Up-to-seven criteria as a useful predictor for tumor downstaging to within Milan criteria and Child-Pugh grade deterioration after initial conventional transarterial chemoembolization. Hepatol Res 2018; 48: 442–50.
35. Kimura H, Ohkawa K, Miyazaki M et al. Subclassification of patients with intermediate-stage (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage-B) hepatocellular carcinoma using the up-to-seven criteria and serum tumor markers. Hepatol Int 2017; 11: 105–14.
36. Takayasu K, Arii S, Kudo M et al. Superselective transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma. Validation of treatment algorithm proposed by Japanese guidelines. J Hepatol 2012; 56: 886–92.
37. Terashima T, Yamashita T, Arai K et al. Beneficial Effect of Maintaining Hepatic Reserve during Chemotherapy on the Outcomes of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Liver Cancer 2017; 6: 236–49.
38. Ueshima K, Nishida N, Hagiwara S et al. Impact of baseline ALBI grade on the outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with lenvatinib: A multicenter study. Cancers 2019; 11: 952.
39. Li X, Feng GS, Zheng CS et al. Expression of plasma vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and effect of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization therapy on plasma vascular endothelial growth factor level. World J Gastroenterol 2004; 10: 2878–82.
40. Carmeliet P, Jain RK. Angiogenesis in cancer and other diseases. Nature 2000; 407: 249–57.
41. Wang B, Xu H, Gao ZQ et al. Increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in hepatocellular carcinoma after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. Acta Radiol 2008; 49: 523–9.
42. Sergio A, Cristofori C, Cardin R et al. Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): The role of angiogenesis and invasiveness. Am J Gastroenterol 2008; 103: 914–21.
43. Jiang H, Meng Q, Tan H et al. Antiangiogenic therapy enhances the efficacy of transcatheter arterial embolization for hepatocellular carcinomas. Int J Cancer 2007; 121: 416–24.
44. Jain RK. Normalization of tumor vasculature: An emerging concept in antiangiogenic therapy. Science 2005; 307: 58–62.
45. Kano MR, Komuta Y, Iwata C et al. Comparison of the effects of the kinase inhibitors imatinib, sorafenib, and transforming growth factor-beta receptor inhibitor on extravasation of nanoparticles from neovasculature. Cancer Sci 2009; 100: 173–80.
________________________________________________
2. Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Dikshit R et al. Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: Sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012. Int J Cancer 2015; 136: E359–E386.
3. Balogh J, Victor DIII, Asham EH et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma: A review. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2016; 3: 41–53.
4. GLOBOCAN. 2018. http://gco.iarc.fr/today/fact-sheets-cancers (accessed on 1 January 2019).
5. European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: Management of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol 2018; 69:182–236.
6. Bruix J, Reig M, Sherman M. Evidence-Based Diagnosis, Staging, and Treatment of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Gastroenterology 2016; 150: 835–53.
7. Bolondi L, Burroughs A, Dufour JF et al. Heterogeneity of patients with intermediate (BCLC B) Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Proposal for a subclassification to facilitate treatment decisions. Semin Liver Dis 2012; 32: 348–59.
8. Kudo M, Arizumi T, Ueshima K et al. Subclassification of BCLC B Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Treatment Strategies: Proposal of Modified Bolondi’s Subclassification (Kinki Criteria). Dig Dis 2015; 33: 751–8.
9. Kudo M. Lenvatinib may drastically change the treatment landscape of hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Cancer 2018; 7: 1–19.
10. Arizumi T, Minami T, Chishina H et al. Time to Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization Refractoriness in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Kinki Criteria Stages B1 and B2. Dig Dis 2017; 35: 589–97.
11. Matsui J, Funahashi Y, Uenaka T et al. Multi-kinase inhibitor E7080 suppresses lymph node and lung metastases of human mammary breast tumor MDA-MB-231 via inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor-receptor (VEGF-R) 2 and VEGF-R3 kinase. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14: 5459–65.
12. Matsui J, Yamamoto Y, Funahashi Y et al. E7080, a novel inhibitor that targets multiple kinases, has potent antitumor activities against stem cell factor producing human small cell lung cancer H146, based on angiogenesis inhibition. Int J Cancer 2008; 122: 664–71.
13. Yamada K, Yamamoto N, Yamada Y et al. Phase I dose-escalation study and biomarker analysis of E7080 in patients with advanced solid tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17: 2528–37.
14. Boss DS, Glen H, Beijnen JH et al. A phase I study of E7080, a multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in patients with advanced solid tumours. Br J Cancer 2012; 106: 1598–604.
15. Kudo M, Finn RS, Qin S et al. Lenvatinib versus sorafenib in first-line treatment of patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: A randomised phase 3 non-inferiority trial. Lancet 2018; 391: 1163–73.
16. Yamashita T, Kudo, M, Ikeda K et al. REFLECT-A phase 3 trial comparing efficacy and safety of lenvatinib to sorafenib for the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: Ananalysis of Japanesesubset. J Gastroenterol 2019; 54: 558–70.
17. Kudo M. Extremely High Objective Response Rate of Lenvatinib: Its Clinical Relevance and Changing the Treatment Paradigm in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Liver Cancer 2018; 7: 215–24.
18. Kudo M. Lenvatinib in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Liver Cancer 2017; 6: 253–63.
19. Ogasawara S, Chiba T, Ooka Y et al. Efficacy of Sorafenib in Intermediate-Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Refractory to Transarterial Chemoembolization. Oncology 2014, 87, 330–41.
20. Arizumi T, Ueshima K, Minami T et al. Effiectiveness of Sorafenib in patients with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) refractory and intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Cancer 2015; 4: 253–62.
21. Hiraoka A, Kumada T, Kudo M et al. Hepatic Function during Repeated TACE Procedures and Prognosis after Introducing Sorafenib in Patients with Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Multicenter Analysis. Dig Dis 2017; 35: 602–10.
22. Arizumi T, Minami T, Chishina H et al. Impact of Tumor Factors on Survival in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Classified Based on Kinki Criteria Stage B2. Dig Dis 2017; 35: 583–8.
23. Marrero JA, Kulik LM, Sirlin CB et al. Diagnosis, Staging, and Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: 2018 Practice Guidance by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology 2018; 68: 723–50.
24. Omata M, Cheng AL, Kokudo N et al. Asia-Pacific clinical practice guidelines on the management of hepatocellular carcinoma: A 2017 update. Hepatol Int 2017; 11: 317–70.
25. Kudo M, Trevisani F, Abou-Alfa GK, Rimassa L. Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Therapeutic Guidelines and Medical Treatment. Liver Cancer 2017; 6: 16–26.
26. Ikeda K, Kudo M, Kawazoe S et al. Phase 2 study of lenvatinib in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastroenterol 2017; 52: 512–19.
27. National Cancer Institute. Protocol Development. Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program. https://ctep.cancer.gov/protocolDevelopment/electronic_applications/ctc.htm (accessed on 21 March 2017).
28. Kudo M, Ueshima K, Yokosuka O et al. Sorafenib plus low-dose cisplatin and fluorouracil hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy versus sorafenib alone in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (SILIUS): A randomised, open label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 3: 424–32.
29. Kudo M, Matsui O, Izumi N et al. JSH Consensus-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: 2014 Update by the Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan. Liver Cancer 2014; 3: 458–68.
30. Austin PC, Mamdani MM. A comparison of propensity score methods: A case-study estimating thee_ectiveness of post-AMI statin use. Stat Med 2006; 25: 2084–106.
31. Lencioni R, Llovet JM. Modified RECIST (mRECIST) assessment for hepatocellular carcinoma. Semin. Liver Dis 2010; 30: 52–60.
32. Arizumi T, Ueshima K, Iwanishi M et al. Validation of a Modified Substaging System (Kinki Criteria) for Patients with Intermediate-Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Oncology 2015; 89 (Suppl. S2): 47–52.
33. Peck-Radosavljevic M, Kudo M, Raoul JL et al. Outcomes of patients (pts) with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE): Global OPTIMIS final analysis. J Clin Oncol 2018; 36: 4018.
34. Yasui Y, Tsuchiya K, Kurosaki M et al. Up-to-seven criteria as a useful predictor for tumor downstaging to within Milan criteria and Child-Pugh grade deterioration after initial conventional transarterial chemoembolization. Hepatol Res 2018; 48: 442–50.
35. Kimura H, Ohkawa K, Miyazaki M et al. Subclassification of patients with intermediate-stage (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage-B) hepatocellular carcinoma using the up-to-seven criteria and serum tumor markers. Hepatol Int 2017; 11: 105–14.
36. Takayasu K, Arii S, Kudo M et al. Superselective transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma. Validation of treatment algorithm proposed by Japanese guidelines. J Hepatol 2012; 56: 886–92.
37. Terashima T, Yamashita T, Arai K et al. Beneficial Effect of Maintaining Hepatic Reserve during Chemotherapy on the Outcomes of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Liver Cancer 2017; 6: 236–49.
38. Ueshima K, Nishida N, Hagiwara S et al. Impact of baseline ALBI grade on the outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with lenvatinib: A multicenter study. Cancers 2019; 11: 952.
39. Li X, Feng GS, Zheng CS et al. Expression of plasma vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and effect of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization therapy on plasma vascular endothelial growth factor level. World J Gastroenterol 2004; 10: 2878–82.
40. Carmeliet P, Jain RK. Angiogenesis in cancer and other diseases. Nature 2000; 407: 249–57.
41. Wang B, Xu H, Gao ZQ et al. Increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in hepatocellular carcinoma after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. Acta Radiol 2008; 49: 523–9.
42. Sergio A, Cristofori C, Cardin R et al. Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): The role of angiogenesis and invasiveness. Am J Gastroenterol 2008; 103: 914–21.
43. Jiang H, Meng Q, Tan H et al. Antiangiogenic therapy enhances the efficacy of transcatheter arterial embolization for hepatocellular carcinomas. Int J Cancer 2007; 121: 416–24.
44. Jain RK. Normalization of tumor vasculature: An emerging concept in antiangiogenic therapy. Science 2005; 307: 58–62.
45. Kano MR, Komuta Y, Iwata C et al. Comparison of the effects of the kinase inhibitors imatinib, sorafenib, and transforming growth factor-beta receptor inhibitor on extravasation of nanoparticles from neovasculature. Cancer Sci 2009; 100: 173–80.
Авторы
Масатоши Кудо1*, Кадзуоми Уэсима1*, Стефан Чан2, Томохиро Минами1, Хирокадзу Чишина1, Томоко Аоки1, Масахиро Такита1, Сатору Хагивара1, Ясунори Минами1, Хироши Ида1, Мамору Такенака1, Тошихару Сакураи1, Томохиро Ватанабе1, Масахиро Морита3, Чикара Огава3, Йошиюки Вада4, Масафуми Икеда5, Хироши Исии6,7, Намики Идзуми8, Наоши Нисида1
1 Университет Киндай, Осака-Саяма 589-8511, Япония;
2 Онкологический центр им. сэра Ю.К. Пао, Китайский университет Гонконга, Гонконг 111-1111, Китай;
3 Больница Красного Креста в Такамацу, Такамацу 760-0017, Япония;
4 Национальная больничная организация медицинского центра на Кюсю, Фукуока 810-8563, Япония;
5 Национальный онкологический центр больницы Восток, Касива-ши 277-8577, Япония;
6 Больница Института рака Японского фонда исследований рака, Ариаке 135-8550, Япония;
7 Центр клинических исследований, Онкологический центр в Тиба, Тиба 260-8717, Япония;
8 Больница Красного Креста в Мусасино, Мусасино 180-8610, Япония
*m-kudo@med.kindai.ac.jp
1 Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama 589-8511, Japan;
2 Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 111-1111, China;
3 Takamatsu Red Cross Hospital, Takamatsu 760-0017, Japan;
4 National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka 810-8563, Japan;
5 National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa-shi 277-8577, Japan;
6 Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Ariake 135-8550, Japan;
7 Clinical Research Center, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba 260-8717, Japan;
8 Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Musashino 180-8610, Japan
*m-kudo@med.kindai.ac.jp
1 Университет Киндай, Осака-Саяма 589-8511, Япония;
2 Онкологический центр им. сэра Ю.К. Пао, Китайский университет Гонконга, Гонконг 111-1111, Китай;
3 Больница Красного Креста в Такамацу, Такамацу 760-0017, Япония;
4 Национальная больничная организация медицинского центра на Кюсю, Фукуока 810-8563, Япония;
5 Национальный онкологический центр больницы Восток, Касива-ши 277-8577, Япония;
6 Больница Института рака Японского фонда исследований рака, Ариаке 135-8550, Япония;
7 Центр клинических исследований, Онкологический центр в Тиба, Тиба 260-8717, Япония;
8 Больница Красного Креста в Мусасино, Мусасино 180-8610, Япония
*m-kudo@med.kindai.ac.jp
________________________________________________
1 Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama 589-8511, Japan;
2 Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 111-1111, China;
3 Takamatsu Red Cross Hospital, Takamatsu 760-0017, Japan;
4 National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka 810-8563, Japan;
5 National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa-shi 277-8577, Japan;
6 Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Ariake 135-8550, Japan;
7 Clinical Research Center, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba 260-8717, Japan;
8 Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Musashino 180-8610, Japan
*m-kudo@med.kindai.ac.jp
Цель портала OmniDoctor – предоставление профессиональной информации врачам, провизорам и фармацевтам.
