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Изолированные метастазы в селезенку при раке ободочной кишки: клинические наблюдения
DOI: 10.26442/18151434.2021.1.200750
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Ognerubov NA, Antipova TS, Ognerubova MA. Isolated splenic metastases from colon cancer: clinical observations. Journal of Modern Oncology. 2021; 23 (1): 162–166. DOI: 10.26442/18151434.2021.1.200750
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Цель. Обсудить 2 клинических наблюдения изолированного метастатического поражения селезенки у больных после хирургического лечения рака селезеночного угла ободочной кишки.
Материалы и методы. Мы наблюдали 2 пациентов женского пола, 68 и 70 лет, с изолированным метастатическим поражением селезенки после радикального хирургического лечения по поводу рака селезеночного угла ободочной кишки.
Результаты. Оба случая расценены как метахронные с интервалом отсутствия проявлений болезни 21 и 10 мес соответственно. По поводу рака селезеночного угла IIb и IIc стадии больным выполнена левосторонняя гемиколэктомия с последующей адъювантной полихимиотерапией по схеме FOLFOX, 6 циклов. При гистологическом исследовании выявлена умеренно дифференцированная аденокарцинома с прорастанием всех слоев стенки и врастанием в окружающую клетчатку. Метастазы в лимфатических узлах отсутствовали. В процессе динамического наблюдения при очередном осмотре с помощью ультразвукового исследования выявлено метастатическое поражение селезенки с последующим подтверждением позитронно-эмиссионной томографией/компьютерной томографией. Клиническая картина отсутствовала. Временной интервал после операции до постановки диагноза составил 21 и 10 мес. Произведено оперативное вмешательство в объеме спленэктомии. Интраоперационно установлено изолированное поражение селезенки при отсутствии других проявлений болезни. При гистологическом исследовании в селезенке – метастаз, имеющий строение аналогично первичной опухоли. В послеоперационном периоде проводилась полихимиотерапия по схеме XELOX – 6 циклов. На протяжении 5 и 26 мес больные живут без признаков возврата заболевания.
Заключение. Изолированное поражение селезенки встречается крайне редко, чаще при локализации первичной опухоли в левой половине ободочной кишки. Приведенные случаи иллюстрируют необходимость и важность наблюдения больных после хирургического лечения при раке толстой кишки. Применение позитронно-эмиссионной томографии/компьютерной томографии позволяет уточнить истинную распространенность опухолевого процесса, исключая инвазивные методы. Хирургическое лечение в объеме спленэктомии с последующей химиотерапией является основной лечебной опцией. В одном случае метастазы носили множественный характер, в другом – солитарный. Больные живы без признаков возврата заболевания 26 и 5 мес.
Ключевые слова: рак толстой кишки, селезенка, изолированные метастазы, лечение
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Isolated splenic metastases from colorectal cancer after radical surgical treatment are quite rare. This frequency of metastases is explained by the anatomical, functional and immunological characteristics of the spleen. The literature usually describes single clinical cases followed by accompanied systematic analysis and discussion. Most of the cases are asymptomatic and are accidentally diagnosed, during different types of imaging tests, including increased levels of tumor markers. The progression free survival was 3 – 144 months after surgical treatment of the primary tumor in most of the patients. By the nature of the lesion, metastases can be synchronous and metachronous, as well as solitary and multiple.
Aim. To discuss two clinical observations of isolated splenic metastases in patients after left colic flexure cancer surgical treatment.
Materials and methods. We observed 2 female patients, 68 and 70 years old, with isolated splenic metastatic after left colic flexure cancer radical surgical treatment.
Results. Both cases are considered to be metachronous and the interval of absence of disease manifestations are 21 and 10 months, respectively. The patients with stage IIB and IIC left colic flexure cancer underwent left hemicolectomy followed by adjuvant polychemotherapy using regimen with 6 cycles of FOLFOX. The histological study revealed a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma with invasion into all layers of the wall and into the surrounding tissue. There were no lymph node metastases. In the course of dynamic observation, during the next examination with the help of ultrasound examination we revealed splenic metastasis, and confirmed this using positron emission tomography/computed tomography. The disease was without clinical picture. The time interval after the surgery before diagnosis was 21 and 10 months, respectively. Surgery was performed in the volume of splenectomy. Isolated splenic metastases in the absence of other manifestations of the disease were found intraoperatively. The histological study showed the splenic metastasis of the same type of cancer as the primary tumor. The polychemotherapy using regimen with 6 cycles of XELOX was performed during the postoperative period. Patients are alive without signs of the disease over the period of 5 and 26 months, respectively.
Conclusion. Isolated splenic metastases are extremely rare, more often when the primary tumor is located in the left side of the colon. The showed cases illustrate the need and importance of the monitoring the patients after surgical treatment for colon cancer. The use of positron emission tomography/computed tomography helps to understand the real prevalence of the tumor process, without using invasive methods. The surgery in the volume of splenectomy followed by chemotherapy are the main therapeutic options. In one clinical case, the metastases were multiple, and in the other one – was solitary metastasis. Patients are alive without signs of the disease over the period of 5 and 26 months, respectively.
Keywords: colon cancer, spleen, isolated metastases, treatment
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10. Abi Saad GS, Hussein M, El-Saghir NS, et al. Isolated splenic metastasis from colorectal cancer. Int J Clin Oncol 2011. DOI: 10.1007/s10147-010-0182-2
11. Zhao H, Zhong W, Chen D, Cheng X. Synchronous isolated splenic metastasis from cancer of hepatic flexure of colon:
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13. Pisanu A, Ravarino A, Nieddu R, Uccheddu A. Synchronous isolated splenic metastasis from colon carcinoma and concomitant splenic abscess: A case report and review of the literature. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13 (41): 5516–20.
14. Abdou J, Omor Y, Boutayeb S, et al. Isolated splenic metastasis from colon cancer: Case report. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22 (18): 4610–4. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i18.4610
15. Hu L, Zhu J-Y, Fang L, et al. Isolated metachronous splenic multiple metastases after colon cancer surgery: A case report and literature review. World J Clin Cases 2020; 8 (15): 3320–8. DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i15.3320
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17. Jain S, Munjal S, Yantiss RK, et al. Isolated Splenic Metastasis from Rectal Carcinoma: A Rare Occurrence. Case Rep Oncol 2011; 4: 499–504. DOI: 10.1159/000333446
18. Bigot P, Goodman C, Hamy A, et al. Isolated splenic metastasis from colorectal cancer: report of a case. J Gastrointest Surg 2008; 12 (5): 981–2.
19. Pedersen IK, Burcharth F, Roikjaer O, Baden H. Resection of liver metastases from colorectal cancer. Indications and results. Dis Colon Rectum 1994; 37: 1078–82.
20. Kawamoto K, Teramoto T, Watanabe M, et al. Splenic abscess associated with colon cancer: a case report. Jpn J Clin Oncol 1993; 23: 384–8.
21. Avesani EC, Cioffi U, De Simone M, et al. Synchronous isolated splenic metastasis from colon carcinoma. Am J Clin Oncol 2001; 24: 311–2.
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2. Hashemzadeh SH, Safari M. Solitary splenic metastasis of colon cancer: a case report. Acta Medica Iranica 2004; 42 (6): 467–70.
3. Pizzirusso F, Gillet JP, Fobe D. Isolated spleen metastatic involvement from a colorectal adenocarcinoma complicated with a gastrosplenic fistula: a case report and literature review. Acta Chir Belg 2004; 104: 214–6.
4. Marymont JH Jr, Gross S. Patterns of metastatic cancer in the spleen. Am J Clin Pathol 1963; 40: 58–66.
5. Sauer J, Sobolewski K, Dommisch K. Splenic metastases – not a frequent problem, but an underestimate location of metastases: epidemiology and course. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2009; 135: 667–71.
6. Comperat E, Bardier-Dupas A, Camparo P, et al. Splenic metastases: clinicopathologic presentation, differential diagnosis, and pathogenesis. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2007; 131: 965–9.
7. Lee SS, Morgenstern L, Phillips EH, et al. Splenectomy for splenic metastases: a changing clinical spectrum. Am Surg 2000; 66: 837–40.
8. Dunbar WH, Beahrs OH, Morlock CG. Solitary splenic metastasis incidental to rectal carcinoma: report of a case. Mayo Clin Proc 1969; 44: 40–5.
9. Rosa N, Martins S, Lamelas J. Isolated splenic metastasis of colon cancer: a case report and literature review. J Coloproctol 2012; 32 (1): 88–93.
10. Abi Saad GS, Hussein M, El-Saghir NS, et al. Isolated splenic metastasis from colorectal cancer. Int J Clin Oncol 2011. DOI: 10.1007/s10147-010-0182-2
11. Zhao H, Zhong W, Chen D, Cheng X. Synchronous isolated splenic metastasis from cancer of hepatic flexure of colon:
A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98 (14): e15016. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000015016
12. Okuyama T, Oya M, Ishikawa H. Isolated Splenic Metastasis of Sigmoid Colon Cancer: a Case Report. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2001; 31 (7): 341–5. DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hye065
13. Pisanu A, Ravarino A, Nieddu R, Uccheddu A. Synchronous isolated splenic metastasis from colon carcinoma and concomitant splenic abscess: A case report and review of the literature. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13 (41): 5516–20.
14. Abdou J, Omor Y, Boutayeb S, et al. Isolated splenic metastasis from colon cancer: Case report. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22 (18): 4610–4. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i18.4610
15. Hu L, Zhu J-Y, Fang L, et al. Isolated metachronous splenic multiple metastases after colon cancer surgery: A case report and literature review. World J Clin Cases 2020; 8 (15): 3320–8. DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i15.3320
16. Gencosmanoglu R, Aker F, Kir G, Tozun N. Isolated metachronous splenic metastasis from synchronous colon cancer. World J Surg Oncol 2006; 4: 42.
17. Jain S, Munjal S, Yantiss RK, et al. Isolated Splenic Metastasis from Rectal Carcinoma: A Rare Occurrence. Case Rep Oncol 2011; 4: 499–504. DOI: 10.1159/000333446
18. Bigot P, Goodman C, Hamy A, et al. Isolated splenic metastasis from colorectal cancer: report of a case. J Gastrointest Surg 2008; 12 (5): 981–2.
19. Pedersen IK, Burcharth F, Roikjaer O, Baden H. Resection of liver metastases from colorectal cancer. Indications and results. Dis Colon Rectum 1994; 37: 1078–82.
20. Kawamoto K, Teramoto T, Watanabe M, et al. Splenic abscess associated with colon cancer: a case report. Jpn J Clin Oncol 1993; 23: 384–8.
21. Avesani EC, Cioffi U, De Simone M, et al. Synchronous isolated splenic metastasis from colon carcinoma. Am J Clin Oncol 2001; 24: 311–2.
1 ФГБОУ ВО «Тамбовский государственный университет им. Г.Р. Державина», Тамбов, Россия;
2 ГБУЗ «Тамбовский областной онкологический клинический диспансер», Тамбов, Россия;
3 ООО «ПЭТ-Технолоджи», Центр ядерной медицины, Тамбов, Россия
*ognerubov_n.a@mail.r
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Nikolai A. Ognerubov*1,2, Tatyana S. Antipova3, Marina A. Ognerubova2
1 Derzhavin Tambov State University, Tambov, Russia;
2 Tambov Regional Oncological Clinical Dispensary, Tambov, Russia;
3 PET-Technology, Tambov, Russia
*ognerubov_n.a@mail.r