Большинство периферических вестибулярных расстройств (являющихся следствием поражения периферического отдела вестибулярного анализатора) могут считаться маркерами конкретного заболевания, а при тщательно собранном анамнезе являются основополагающими при определении диагноза. Для постановки диагноза «болезнь Меньера» (БМ) – одного из самых изучаемых и наименее изученных заболеваний внутреннего уха – до сегодняшнего дня не представлено ни одной достоверной диагностической методики. С октября 2015 г. очевидную (достоверную) БМ определяют только на основании клинических проявлений, укладывающихся в строго определенные параметры. Головокружение при доброкачественном пароксизмальном позиционном головокружении (ДППГ) носит системный характер и возникает при изменении положения головы (повороты в кровати, запрокидывание головы назад или наклоны вперед) и продолжается, как правило, не более 1 мин. Для диагностирования ДППГ применяют провокационные тесты Дикс–Холлпайка и реже МакКлюра–Пагнини. Вестибулярный нейронит и лабиринтит характеризуются внезапно возникающим приступом интенсивного системного головокружения. В зависимости от уровня поражения возможны снижение слуха и ушной шум. Как правило, возникновению симптомов предшествует вирусное заболевание. При данных заболеваниях головокружение начинается постепенно, усиливается в течение нескольких часов, а затем сохраняется легкое головокружение последующие несколько дней или недель. Головокружение сохраняется и в покое, но субъективно может усиливаться при изменении положения тела. Головокружение сопровождают тошнота, рвота, повышенная потливость, бледность кожных покровов.
The majority of peripheral vestibular disorders (which are a consequence of damage to the peripheral part of the vestibular analyzer) can be considered markers of a particular disease, and with a carefully collected history are fundamental in determining the diagnosis. To diagnose "Meniere's disease" (MD) – one of the most examined and least studied diseases of the inner ear - until today no reliable diagnostic method has been presented. Since October 2015, an obvious (reliable) MD is determined only on the basis of clinical manifestations, which fit into strictly defined parameters. Dizziness with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (DBPPV) is systemic in nature and occurs when the position of the head changes (turning in the bed, tipping the head backwards or tilting forward) and lasts, as a rule, no more than 1 min. To diagnose ADHD, provocative tests of Dix-Hallpike and less often of McClure-Pagnini are used. Vestibular neuronitis and labyrinthitis are characterized by a sudden onset of intense systemic dizziness. Depending on the level of damage, hearing loss and ear noise are possible. As a rule, the onset of symptoms is preceded by a viral disease. With these diseases, dizziness begins gradually, increases for several hours, and then a slight dizziness lasts a few days or weeks. Dizziness remains and at rest, but subjectively can be amplified by changing the position of the body. Dizziness is accompanied by nausea, vomiting, excessive sweating, pallor of the skin.
1. Grup C, Gleeson M, Rudge P. The inner ear and the neurologist. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2007; 78 (2): 114–22.
2. Brevern M, Radtke A, Lezius F et al. Epidemiology of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: A population based study. J Neurol Neursurg Psychiatry 2007; р. 710–5.
3. Nunez RA, Cass SP, Furman JM. Short and long-term outcomes of canalith repositioning for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2000; р. 647–52.
4. Imai T, Ito M, Takeda N et al. Natural course of the remission of vertigo in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Neurology 2005; р. 920–1.
5. Halmagyi GM. Diagnosis and management of vertigo. Clin Med 2005; 5: 159–65.
6. Белинов С.И. К вопросу о распознавании заболеваний ушного лабиринта. О влиянии боковых наклонений головы на т. н. вестибуляр. нистагм (клин. исслед.). Дис. … д-ра мед. СПб.: тип. В.Я.Мильштейна, 1908. / Belinov S.I. K voprosu o raspoznavanii zabolevanii ushnogo labirinta. O vliianii bokovykh naklonenii golovy na t. n. vestibuliar. nistagm (klin. issled.). Dis. … d-ra med. SPb.: tip. V.Ia.Mil'shteina, 1908. [in Russian]
7. Barany R. Diagnose Krankheitsercheinungen in berciche des otolithenapparates. Acta Otolaryngol 1921; 2: 434–7.
8. Dix MR, Hallpike CS. The pathology, symptomatology and diagnosis of certain common disorders of the vestibular system. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1952; 61: 987–1016.
9. Lempert T. Horizontal benign positional vertigo. Neurology 1994; 44: 2213–4.
10. Breverna M, Bertholonb P, Brandtc Th et al. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: Diagnostic criteria. J Vestibul Res 2015; 25: 105–17.
11. Maslovara S, Soldo SB, Puksec M et al. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV): influence of pharmacotherapy and rehabilitation therapy on patients’ recovery rate and life quality. Neurorehabilitation 2012; 31 (4): 435–41.
12. Cavaliere M, Mottola G, Iemma M. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: a study of two manoeuvres with and without betahistine. Acta Otorhinolaryngology Ital 2005; 25: 107–12.
13. Nguyen ChT, Taw MB, Wang MB. Complementary and Integrative Treatments Balance Disorders. Otolaryngol Clin N Am 2013; 46; 409–22.
14. Бабияк В.И., Ланцов А.А., Базаров В.Г. Клиническая вестибулология. СПб.: Гиппократ, 1996. / Babiiak V.I., Lantsov A.A., Bazarov V.G. Klinicheskaia vestibulologiia. SPb.: Gippokrat, 1996. [in Russian]
15. Патякина О.К. Лечебная тактика при вестибулогенном головокружении. Consilium Medicum. 2001; 15 (4): 9–12. / Patiakina O.K. Lechebnaia taktika pri vestibulogennom golovokruzhenii. Consilium Medicum. 2001; 15 (4): 9–12. [in Russian]
16. Pavlo Isak. Research Project Case Study of a Neurotological Dilemma: Concurrent Management of Ménière’s Disease and Contralateral Vestibular Schwannoma. University of Saskatchewan Undergraduate. Res J 2014; 1 (Issue 1): 32–8.
17. Lopez-Escamez JA, Carey J, Chung W-H et al. Diagnostic criteria for Ménière’s disease. Consensus document of the Bárány Society, the Japan Society for Equilibrium Research, the European Academy of Otology and Neurotology (EAONO), the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) and the Korean Balance Society. Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp 2016; 67 (1): 1–7.
18. Van Sonsbeek S, Pullens B, van Benthem PP. Positive pressure therapy for Ménière’s disease or syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015; 3.
19. Pfleiderer AG. The current role of local intratympanic Gentamicin therapy in the management of unilateral Meniere’s disease. Clin Otolaryngol 1998; 23 (1): 34–41.
20. Young-Eun Huh, Ji-Soo Kim. Bedside Evaluation of Dizzy Patients J Clin Neurol 2013; 9: 203–13.
21. Hallpike CS. The Pathology and Differential Diagnosis of Aural Vertigo. In Proceedings of the Fourth International Congress of Otolaryngology. 1949; 2: 514.
22. Dix MR, Hallpike CS. The pathology, symptomatology and diagnosis of certain common disorders of the vestibular system. Proc R Soc Med 1952; 45: 341–54.
23. Brandt T. Vestibular neuritis. In: Vertigo – its multisensory syndromes. 2nd ed. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1999; p. 67–81.
24. Okinaka Y, Sekitani T, Okazaki H et al Progress of caloric response of vestibular neuronitis. Acta Otolaryngol 1993; 503: 18–22.
25. Schneider B, Klein P, Weiser M. Treatment of vertigo with a homeopathic complex remedy compared with usual treatments: a metaanalysis of clinical trials. Arzneim-Forsch/Drug Res 2005; 55 (1):23-29
26. Зайцева О.В., Оверченко К.В., Хирнеткина А.Ф. Головокружение в повседневной практике врача-лечебника. Лечащий врач. 2016; 5: 34–8. / Zaitseva O.V., Overchenko K.V., Khirnetkina A.F. Golovokruzhenie v povsednevnoi praktike vracha-lechebnika. Lechashchii vrach. 2016; 5: 34–8. [in Russian]
________________________________________________
1. Grup C, Gleeson M, Rudge P. The inner ear and the neurologist. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2007; 78 (2): 114–22.
2. Brevern M, Radtke A, Lezius F et al. Epidemiology of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: A population based study. J Neurol Neursurg Psychiatry 2007; р. 710–5.
3. Nunez RA, Cass SP, Furman JM. Short and long-term outcomes of canalith repositioning for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2000; р. 647–52.
4. Imai T, Ito M, Takeda N et al. Natural course of the remission of vertigo in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Neurology 2005; р. 920–1.
5. Halmagyi GM. Diagnosis and management of vertigo. Clin Med 2005; 5: 159–65.
6. Belinov S.I. K voprosu o raspoznavanii zabolevanii ushnogo labirinta. O vliianii bokovykh naklonenii golovy na t. n. vestibuliar. nistagm (klin. issled.). Dis. … d-ra med. SPb.: tip. V.Ia.Mil'shteina, 1908. [in Russian]
7. Barany R. Diagnose Krankheitsercheinungen in berciche des otolithenapparates. Acta Otolaryngol 1921; 2: 434–7.
8. Dix MR, Hallpike CS. The pathology, symptomatology and diagnosis of certain common disorders of the vestibular system. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1952; 61: 987–1016.
9. Lempert T. Horizontal benign positional vertigo. Neurology 1994; 44: 2213–4.
10. Breverna M, Bertholonb P, Brandtc Th et al. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: Diagnostic criteria. J Vestibul Res 2015; 25: 105–17.
11. Maslovara S, Soldo SB, Puksec M et al. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV): influence of pharmacotherapy and rehabilitation therapy on patients’ recovery rate and life quality. Neurorehabilitation 2012; 31 (4): 435–41.
12. Cavaliere M, Mottola G, Iemma M. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: a study of two manoeuvres with and without betahistine. Acta Otorhinolaryngology Ital 2005; 25: 107–12.
13. Nguyen ChT, Taw MB, Wang MB. Complementary and Integrative Treatments Balance Disorders. Otolaryngol Clin N Am 2013; 46; 409–22.
14. Babiiak V.I., Lantsov A.A., Bazarov V.G. Klinicheskaia vestibulologiia. SPb.: Gippokrat, 1996. [in Russian]
15. Patiakina O.K. Lechebnaia taktika pri vestibulogennom golovokruzhenii. Consilium Medicum. 2001; 15 (4): 9–12. [in Russian]
16. Pavlo Isak. Research Project Case Study of a Neurotological Dilemma: Concurrent Management of Ménière’s Disease and Contralateral Vestibular Schwannoma. University of Saskatchewan Undergraduate. Res J 2014; 1 (Issue 1): 32–8.
17. Lopez-Escamez JA, Carey J, Chung W-H et al. Diagnostic criteria for Ménière’s disease. Consensus document of the Bárány Society, the Japan Society for Equilibrium Research, the European Academy of Otology and Neurotology (EAONO), the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) and the Korean Balance Society. Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp 2016; 67 (1): 1–7.
18. Van Sonsbeek S, Pullens B, van Benthem PP. Positive pressure therapy for Ménière’s disease or syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015; 3.
19. Pfleiderer AG. The current role of local intratympanic Gentamicin therapy in the management of unilateral Meniere’s disease. Clin Otolaryngol 1998; 23 (1): 34–41.
20. Young-Eun Huh, Ji-Soo Kim. Bedside Evaluation of Dizzy Patients J Clin Neurol 2013; 9: 203–13.
21. Hallpike CS. The Pathology and Differential Diagnosis of Aural Vertigo. In Proceedings of the Fourth International Congress of Otolaryngology. 1949; 2: 514.
22. Dix MR, Hallpike CS. The pathology, symptomatology and diagnosis of certain common disorders of the vestibular system. Proc R Soc Med 1952; 45: 341–54.
23. Brandt T. Vestibular neuritis. In: Vertigo – its multisensory syndromes. 2nd ed. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1999; p. 67–81.
24. Okinaka Y, Sekitani T, Okazaki H et al Progress of caloric response of vestibular neuronitis. Acta Otolaryngol 1993; 503: 18–22.
25. Schneider B, Klein P, Weiser M. Treatment of vertigo with a homeopathic complex remedy compared with usual treatments: a metaanalysis of clinical trials. Arzneim-Forsch/Drug Res 2005; 55 (1):23-29
26. Zaitseva O.V., Overchenko K.V., Khirnetkina A.F. Golovokruzhenie v povsednevnoi praktike vracha-lechebnika. Lechashchii vrach. 2016; 5: 34–8. [in Russian]
Авторы
О.В.Зайцева
ФГБУ «Научно-клинический центр оториноларингологии» ФМБА России. 123182, Россия, Москва, Волоколамское ш., д. 30, корп. 2 o.v.zaytseva@yandex.ru
________________________________________________
O.V.Zaytseva
Research and Clinical Center of Otorhinolaryngology of FMBA of Russia. 123182, Russian Federation, Moscow, Volokolamskoe sh., d. 30, korp. 2 o.v.zaytseva@yandex.ru