Применение глюкозамина сульфата у пациентов с остеоартритом и коморбидностью при наличии высокого риска осложнений, связанных с НПВП

1. Breivik H, Collett B, Ventafridda V et al. Survey of chronic pain in Europe: prevalence, impact on daily life, and treatment. Eur J Pain. 2006; (10): 287-333.
2. Zhang W, Nuki G, Moskowitz RW, Abramson S, Altman RD, Arden NK et al. OARSI recommendations for themanagement of hip and knee osteoarthritis: part III: changes in evidence following systematic cumulative update of research published through January 2009. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage/OARS, Osteoarthritis Research Society. 2010;18(4):476e99. Epub 2010/02/
3. McAlindon TE, Bannuru RR, Sullivan MC, Arden NK, Berenbaum F, Bierma-Zeinstra SM, Hawke GA, Henrotin Y, Hunter DJ, Kawaguchi H, Kwoh K, Lohmander S, Rannou F, Roos EM, Underwood M. OARSI guidelines for the non-surgical management of knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. 2014; 22: 363-388.
4. Delitto A, George SZ, Van Dillen L et al. Low Back Pain. Clinical Practice Guidelines Linked to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health from the Orthopaedic Section of the American Physical Therapy Association. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2012; 42(4): 1-57.
5. Goertz M, Thorson D, Bonsell J et al. Adult Acute and Subacute Low Back Pain. Health Care Guideline. Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement. Updated November. 2012; 92. www.icsi.org
6. Алексеева Л.И., Наумов А.В. Ведение остеоартрита с коморбидностью в общей врачебной практике (Клинические рекомендации). Доктор.ру. 2017; 5 (134):51-69. [Alekseeva LI, Naumov AV. The management of osteoarthritis with comorbidity in General medical practice (Clinical guidelines). Doctor.ru. 2017; 5 (134):51-69. (In Russ.)].
7. De Munter W, Blom AB, Helsen MM, Walgreen B, Van der Kraan PM, JoostenL AB, van den Berg WB, Van Lent PL. Cholesterol accumulation caused by low density lipoprotein receptor deficiency or a cholesterol-rich diet results in ectopic bone formation during experimental osteoarthritis. Arthritis Research & Therapy. 2013; 15: 178.
8. Conaghan PG, Vanharanta H, Dieppe PA. Is progres- sive osteoarthritis an atheromatous vascular disease? Ann Rheum Dis. 2005; 64: 1539-1541.
9. De Vries HE, Buchner B, Van Berkel TJC, Kuiper J. Specific interaction of oxidized low-density lipoprotein with macrophage-derived foam cells isolated from rabbit atherosclerotic lesions. Arterioscler Throm Vase Biol. 1999;19: 638-645.
10. Findlay DM. Review: Vascular pathology and osteoarthritis. J Rheumatol. 2007; 46: 1763-1768.
11. Kadam UT, Blagojevic M, Belcher J.  Statin Use and Clinical Osteoarthritis in the General Population: A Longitudinal Study. J Gen Intern Med. 2013;  28(7): 943-949.
12. Wongrakpanich S, Wongrakpanich A, Melhado K, Rangaswami J. A Comprehensive Review of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Use in the Elderly. Aging Dis. 2018; 9(1): 143-150.
13. Harirforoosh S, Asghar W, Jamali F Advers effects of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs: an update of gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and renal complications. J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2013; 16: 821-847.
14. Каратеев А.Е., Насонов Е.Л., Яхно Н.Н. и др. Клинические рекомендации «Рациональное применение нестероидных противовоспалительных препаратов (НПВП) в клинической практике». Современная ревматология. 2015;(1):4-23. [Karateev AE, Nasonov EL, Yakhno NH and others. Clinical recommendations "Rational use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in clinical practice". Sovremennaya revmatologiya. 2015;(1):4-23. (In Russ.)].
15. Верткин А.Л., Вовк Е.И., Наумов А.В., Шамуилова М.М., Ива-
нов В.С., Филимонов В.С., Отпущенко А.В. Лечение и профилактика поражений слизистой оболочки желудочно-кишечного тракта в терапевтической практике. Клинические перспективы гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии. 2008; 5. [Vertkin AL, Vovk EI, Naumov AV, Samoilova MM, Ivanov VS, Filimonov VS,  Otroshenko AV. Treatment and prevention of lesions of the gastrointestinal mucosa in therapeutic practice. Klinicheskie perspektivy gastroehnterologii, gepatologii. 2008; 5. (In Russ.)].
16. Association of NSAID Use vith Risk of Bleeding and Cardiovascular Events in Patients Receiving Antithrombotic Therapy After Myocardial Infarction. JAMA. 2015;313(8):805-814.
17. Bruyère, Olivier et al. An algorithm recommendation for the management of knee osteoarthritis in Europe and internationally: A report from a task force of the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis (ESCEO).  Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism. Volume 44, Issue 3: 253-263.
18. Rovati LC, Girolami F, Persiani S. Crystalline glucosamine sulfate in the management of knee osteoarthritis: efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetic properties. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. 2012;  4:167-180.
19. Reginster JL, Bruyere O, Cooper C. Different glucosamine sulfate products generate different outcomes on osteoarthritis symptoms. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017.
20. Wandel S, Juni P, Tendal B et al. Effects of glucosamine, chondroitin, or placebo in patients with osteoarthritis of hip or knee: network meta-analysis. BMJ. 2010; 341: 4675.
21. Jerosch J. Effects of Glucosamine and Chondroitin Sulfate on Cartilage Metabolism in OA: Outlook on Other Nutrient Partners Especially Omega-3 Fatty Acids. Int J Rheum. 2011; 2011: 969012. doi:10.1155/2011/969012
22. Gosset M, Berenbaum F, Levy A et al. Prostaglandin E2 synthesis in cartilage explants under compression: mPGES-1 is a mechanosensitive gene. Arth Res Ther. 2006; 8(4):135.
23. Gouze JN, Bianchi A, Becuwe P et al. Glucosamine modulates IL-1-induced activation of rat chondrocytes at a receptor level, and by inhibiting the NF-kappa B pathway. FEBS Letters. 2002; 510(3):166-170.
24. Largo R, Alvarez-Soria MA, Diez-Ortego I et al. Glucosamine inhibits IL-1beta-induced NF-kappaB activation in human osteoarthritic chondrocytes. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. 2003; 11(4):290-298.
25. Gouze JN, Bordji K, Gulberti S et al. Interleukin-1beta down-regulates the expression of glucuronosyltransferase I, a key enzyme priming glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis: influence of glucosamine on interleukin-1beta-mediated effects in rat chondrocytes. Arthritis & Rheumatism. 2001; 44(2):351-360.
26. Shikhman AR, Kuhn K, Alaaeddine N, Lotz M. N-acetylglucosamine prevents IL-1 beta-mediated activation of human chondrocytes. J Immunol. 2001;166(8):5155-5160.
27. Jang BC, Sung SH, Park JG et al. Glucosamine hydrochloride specifically inhibits COX-2 by preventing COX-2 N-glycosylation and by increasing COX-2 protein turnover in a proteasome-dependent manner. J Biol Chem. 2007;282(38):27622-27632.
28. Chiusaroli R, Piepoli T, Zanelli T et al. Experimental pharmacology of glucosamine sulfate. Int J Rheumatol. 2011:939265.
29. Chan PS, Caron JP, Rosa GJM, Orth MW. Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate regulate gene expression and synthesis of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 in articular cartilage explants. Osteo Arthritis and Cartilage. 2005; 13: 387-394.
30. Calamia V, Ruiz-Romero C, Rocha B, Fernandez-Puente P, Mateos J, Montell  E, Verges J, Blanco FJ. Pharmacoproteomic study of the effects of chondroitin and glucosamine sulfate on human articular chondrocytes. Arthritis Res Ther. 2010;12(4): 138.
31. Largo R, Alvarez-Soria MA, Díez-Ortego I, Calvo E, Sánchez-Pernaute O, Egido J, Herrero-Beaumont G. Glucosamine inhibits IL-1beta-induced NFkappaB activation in human osteoarthritic chondrocytes. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2003; 11(4):290-8.
32. Ströhle A, Schneiders T. Nutritional medical aspects of osteoarthritis therapy. In: Jerosch J, Heisel J, editors. Management of Osteoarthritis. Köln, Germany: Deutscher Ärzte-Verlag. 2010; 41-57.
33. Jos Runhaar, Rita Deroisy, Marienke van Middelkoop, Francesco Barretta, Beatrice Barbetta, Edwin H. Oei, Dammis Vroegindeweij, Giampaolo Giacovelli, Olivier Bruyère, Lucio C. Rovati, Jean-Yves Reginster, Sita M.A. Bierma-Zeinstra, The role of diet and exercise and of glucosamine sulfate in the prevention of knee osteoarthritis: Further results from the PRevention of knee Osteoarthritis in Overweight Females (PROOF) study. Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2016; 45(4 Suppl): 42-48. ISSN 0049-0172
34. Zhang W, Nuki G, Moskowitz RW et al. OARSI recommendations for the management of hip and knee osteoarthritis: part III: changes in evidence following systematic cumulative update of research published through January 2009. Osteoarthr Cartil. 2010;18:476-499.
35. Bjordal JM, Klovning A, Ljunggren AE. Short-term efficacy of pharmacotherapeutic interventions in osteoarthritic knee pain: a meta-analysis of randomised placebo-controlled trials. Eur J Pain. 2007;11:125-138.
36. de Vos BC, Landsmeer MLA, van Middelkoop M. Long-term effects of a lifestyle intervention and oral glucosamine sulphate in primary care on incident knee OA in overweight women. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2017 Aug 1;56(8):1326-1334.
37. Runhaar J, Rozendaal R, van Middelkoop M. Subgroup analyses of the effectiveness of oral glucosamine for knee and hip osteoarthritis: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis from the OA trial bank.  Ann Rheum Dis. 2017; 76(11):1862-1869.
38. Peluso R, Caso F, Costa L. Mud-bath therapy and oral glucosamine sulfate in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized, controlled, crossover study. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2016; 34(4):618-24.
39. Herrero-Beaumont G, Ivorra JA, Del Carmen Trabado M et al. Glucosamine sulfate in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis symptoms: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study using acetaminophen as a side comparator. Arthritis Rheum. 2007; 56:555-567.
40. Reginster JY, Deroisy R, Rovati LC et al. Long-term effects of glucosamine sulphate on osteoarthritis progression: a randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Lancet. 2001; 357:251-256.  
41. Pavelka K, Gatterova J, Olejarova M et al. Glucosamine sulfate use and delay of progression of knee osteoarthritis: a 3-year, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Arch Intern Med. 2002; 162:2113-2123.
42. Caridad Pontes, Josep Ramon Marsal, Josep Maria Elorza, Maria Aragón, Daniel Prieto-Alhambra, Rosa Morros. Analgesic Use and Risk for Acute Coronary Events in Patients with Osteoarthritis: A Population-based, Nested Case-control Study. Clinical Therapeutics. 2018; 40(2): 270-283.
43. Pocobelli G, Kristal AR, Patterson RE et al. Total mortality risk in relation to use of less-common dietary supplements. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010; 91: 1791-800.
44. Katoh A, Kai H, Harada H, Niiyama H, Ikeda H. Oral Administration of Glucosamine Improves Vascular Endothelial Function by Modulating Intracellular Redox State. Int Heart J Ass. 2017;58 (6): 926-932.
45. Цветкова Е.С., Денисов Л.Н. Симптоматическая терапия остеоартроза коленных суставов — новые возможности. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2011; 6. [Tsvetkova ES, Denisov LN. Symptomatic treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee joints — new opportunities. Nauchno-prakticheskaya revmatologiya. 2011; 6. (In Russ.)].
46. Цветкова Е.С, Иониченок Н.Г., Карусинов П.С., Олюнин Ю.А., Пушкова О.В., Смирнов А.В., Панасюк Е.Ю. Клинико-инструментальная оценка влияния фармакотерапии на течение остеоартроза коленных суставов. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2007; (1). [Tsvetkova ES, Ionichenok NG, Carosino PS, Olenin AYu, Puchkova OV, Smirnov A.V., Panasyuk E.Yu. Clinical and instrumental evaluation of the effect of pharmacotherapy on the course of osteoarthritis of the knee. Nauchno-prakticheskaya revmatologiya. 2007; (1). (In Russ.)].
47. Senin P, Makovec F, Rovati L. (1987) Stable compounds of glucosamine sulfate. USA Patent 4642340.
48. Persiani S, Roda E, Rovati LC, Locatelli M, Giacovelli G, Roda A. Glucosamine oral bioavailability and plasma pharmacokinetics after increasing doses of crystalline glucosamine sulfate in man. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2005;13:1041-1049. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2005.07.009
49. Persiani S, Rotini R, Trisolino G, Rovati LC, Locatelli M, Paganini D, Antonioli D, Roda A. Synovial and plasma glucosamine concentrations in osteoarthritic patients following oral crystalline glucosamine sulphate at therapeutic dose. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2007;15:764-772. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2007.01.019
50. Setnikar I, Rovati  LC. Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of glucosamine sulfate. A review. Arzneimittelforschung. 2001;51:699-725. 
51. Persiani S, Matthews A, Larger P, Hall M, Rotini R, Trisolino G, Antonioli D, Zaccarelli L, Rovati LC. Glucosamine binding to proteins in plasma and synovial fluid and blood cell/plasma partitioning in mouse and man in vitro. Drug Metabol Drug Interact. 2009;24:211-227. doi: 10.1515/DMDI.2009.24.2-4.211

________________________________________________

1. Breivik H, Collett B, Ventafridda V et al. Survey of chronic pain in Europe: prevalence, impact on daily life, and treatment. Eur J Pain. 2006; (10): 287-333.
2. Zhang W, Nuki G, Moskowitz RW, Abramson S, Altman RD, Arden NK et al. OARSI recommendations for themanagement of hip and knee osteoarthritis: part III: changes in evidence following systematic cumulative update of research published through January 2009. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage/OARS, Osteoarthritis Research Society. 2010;18(4):476e99. Epub 2010/02/
3. McAlindon TE, Bannuru RR, Sullivan MC, Arden NK, Berenbaum F, Bierma-Zeinstra SM, Hawke GA, Henrotin Y, Hunter DJ, Kawaguchi H, Kwoh K, Lohmander S, Rannou F, Roos EM, Underwood M. OARSI guidelines for the non-surgical management of knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. 2014; 22: 363-388.
4. Delitto A, George SZ, Van Dillen L et al. Low Back Pain. Clinical Practice Guidelines Linked to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health from the Orthopaedic Section of the American Physical Therapy Association. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2012; 42(4): 1-57.
5. Goertz M, Thorson D, Bonsell J et al. Adult Acute and Subacute Low Back Pain. Health Care Guideline. Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement. Updated November. 2012; 92. www.icsi.org
6. [Alekseeva LI, Naumov AV. The management of osteoarthritis with comorbidity in General medical practice (Clinical guidelines). Doctor.ru. 2017; 5 (134):51-69. (In Russ.)].
7. De Munter W, Blom AB, Helsen MM, Walgreen B, Van der Kraan PM, JoostenL AB, van den Berg WB, Van Lent PL. Cholesterol accumulation caused by low density lipoprotein receptor deficiency or a cholesterol-rich diet results in ectopic bone formation during experimental osteoarthritis. Arthritis Research & Therapy. 2013; 15: 178.
8. Conaghan PG, Vanharanta H, Dieppe PA. Is progres- sive osteoarthritis an atheromatous vascular disease? Ann Rheum Dis. 2005; 64: 1539-1541.
9. De Vries HE, Buchner B, Van Berkel TJC, Kuiper J. Specific interaction of oxidized low-density lipoprotein with macrophage-derived foam cells isolated from rabbit atherosclerotic lesions. Arterioscler Throm Vase Biol. 1999;19: 638-645.
10. Findlay DM. Review: Vascular pathology and osteoarthritis. J Rheumatol. 2007; 46: 1763-1768.
11. Kadam UT, Blagojevic M, Belcher J.  Statin Use and Clinical Osteoarthritis in the General Population: A Longitudinal Study. J Gen Intern Med. 2013;  28(7): 943-949.
12. Wongrakpanich S, Wongrakpanich A, Melhado K, Rangaswami J. A Comprehensive Review of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Use in the Elderly. Aging Dis. 2018; 9(1): 143-150.
13. Harirforoosh S, Asghar W, Jamali F Advers effects of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs: an update of gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and renal complications. J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2013; 16: 821-847.
14. [Karateev AE, Nasonov EL, Yakhno NH and others. Clinical recommendations "Rational use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in clinical practice". Sovremennaya revmatologiya. 2015;(1):4-23. (In Russ.)].
15.  [Vertkin AL, Vovk EI, Naumov AV, Samoilova MM, Ivanov VS, Filimonov VS,  Otroshenko AV. Treatment and prevention of lesions of the gastrointestinal mucosa in therapeutic practice. Klinicheskie perspektivy gastroehnterologii, gepatologii. 2008; 5. (In Russ.)].
16. Association of NSAID Use vith Risk of Bleeding and Cardiovascular Events in Patients Receiving Antithrombotic Therapy After Myocardial Infarction. JAMA. 2015;313(8):805-814.
17. Bruyère, Olivier et al. An algorithm recommendation for the management of knee osteoarthritis in Europe and internationally: A report from a task force of the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis (ESCEO).  Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism. Volume 44, Issue 3: 253-263.
18. Rovati LC, Girolami F, Persiani S. Crystalline glucosamine sulfate in the management of knee osteoarthritis: efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetic properties. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. 2012;  4:167-180.
19. Reginster JL, Bruyere O, Cooper C. Different glucosamine sulfate products generate different outcomes on osteoarthritis symptoms. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017.
20. Wandel S, Juni P, Tendal B et al. Effects of glucosamine, chondroitin, or placebo in patients with osteoarthritis of hip or knee: network meta-analysis. BMJ. 2010; 341: 4675.
21. Jerosch J. Effects of Glucosamine and Chondroitin Sulfate on Cartilage Metabolism in OA: Outlook on Other Nutrient Partners Especially Omega-3 Fatty Acids. Int J Rheum. 2011; 2011: 969012. doi:10.1155/2011/969012
22. Gosset M, Berenbaum F, Levy A et al. Prostaglandin E2 synthesis in cartilage explants under compression: mPGES-1 is a mechanosensitive gene. Arth Res Ther. 2006; 8(4):135.
23. Gouze JN, Bianchi A, Becuwe P et al. Glucosamine modulates IL-1-induced activation of rat chondrocytes at a receptor level, and by inhibiting the NF-kappa B pathway. FEBS Letters. 2002; 510(3):166-170.
24. Largo R, Alvarez-Soria MA, Diez-Ortego I et al. Glucosamine inhibits IL-1beta-induced NF-kappaB activation in human osteoarthritic chondrocytes. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. 2003; 11(4):290-298.
25. Gouze JN, Bordji K, Gulberti S et al. Interleukin-1beta down-regulates the expression of glucuronosyltransferase I, a key enzyme priming glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis: influence of glucosamine on interleukin-1beta-mediated effects in rat chondrocytes. Arthritis & Rheumatism. 2001; 44(2):351-360.
26. Shikhman AR, Kuhn K, Alaaeddine N, Lotz M. N-acetylglucosamine prevents IL-1 beta-mediated activation of human chondrocytes. J Immunol. 2001;166(8):5155-5160.
27. Jang BC, Sung SH, Park JG et al. Glucosamine hydrochloride specifically inhibits COX-2 by preventing COX-2 N-glycosylation and by increasing COX-2 protein turnover in a proteasome-dependent manner. J Biol Chem. 2007;282(38):27622-27632.
28. Chiusaroli R, Piepoli T, Zanelli T et al. Experimental pharmacology of glucosamine sulfate. Int J Rheumatol. 2011:939265.
29. Chan PS, Caron JP, Rosa GJM, Orth MW. Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate regulate gene expression and synthesis of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 in articular cartilage explants. Osteo Arthritis and Cartilage. 2005; 13: 387-394.
30. Calamia V, Ruiz-Romero C, Rocha B, Fernandez-Puente P, Mateos J, Montell  E, Verges J, Blanco FJ. Pharmacoproteomic study of the effects of chondroitin and glucosamine sulfate on human articular chondrocytes. Arthritis Res Ther. 2010;12(4): 138.
31. Largo R, Alvarez-Soria MA, Díez-Ortego I, Calvo E, Sánchez-Pernaute O, Egido J, Herrero-Beaumont G. Glucosamine inhibits IL-1beta-induced NFkappaB activation in human osteoarthritic chondrocytes. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2003; 11(4):290-8.
32. Ströhle A, Schneiders T. Nutritional medical aspects of osteoarthritis therapy. In: Jerosch J, Heisel J, editors. Management of Osteoarthritis. Köln, Germany: Deutscher Ärzte-Verlag. 2010; 41-57.
33. Jos Runhaar, Rita Deroisy, Marienke van Middelkoop, Francesco Barretta, Beatrice Barbetta, Edwin H. Oei, Dammis Vroegindeweij, Giampaolo Giacovelli, Olivier Bruyère, Lucio C. Rovati, Jean-Yves Reginster, Sita M.A. Bierma-Zeinstra, The role of diet and exercise and of glucosamine sulfate in the prevention of knee osteoarthritis: Further results from the PRevention of knee Osteoarthritis in Overweight Females (PROOF) study. Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2016; 45(4 Suppl): 42-48. ISSN 0049-0172
34. Zhang W, Nuki G, Moskowitz RW et al. OARSI recommendations for the management of hip and knee osteoarthritis: part III: changes in evidence following systematic cumulative update of research published through January 2009. Osteoarthr Cartil. 2010;18:476-499.
35. Bjordal JM, Klovning A, Ljunggren AE. Short-term efficacy of pharmacotherapeutic interventions in osteoarthritic knee pain: a meta-analysis of randomised placebo-controlled trials. Eur J Pain. 2007;11:125-138.
36. de Vos BC, Landsmeer MLA, van Middelkoop M. Long-term effects of a lifestyle intervention and oral glucosamine sulphate in primary care on incident knee OA in overweight women. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2017 Aug 1;56(8):1326-1334.
37. Runhaar J, Rozendaal R, van Middelkoop M. Subgroup analyses of the effectiveness of oral glucosamine for knee and hip osteoarthritis: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis from the OA trial bank.  Ann Rheum Dis. 2017; 76(11):1862-1869.
38. Peluso R, Caso F, Costa L. Mud-bath therapy and oral glucosamine sulfate in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized, controlled, crossover study. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2016; 34(4):618-24.
39. Herrero-Beaumont G, Ivorra JA, Del Carmen Trabado M et al. Glucosamine sulfate in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis symptoms: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study using acetaminophen as a side comparator. Arthritis Rheum. 2007; 56:555-567.
40. Reginster JY, Deroisy R, Rovati LC et al. Long-term effects of glucosamine sulphate on osteoarthritis progression: a randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Lancet. 2001; 357:251-256.  
41. Pavelka K, Gatterova J, Olejarova M et al. Glucosamine sulfate use and delay of progression of knee osteoarthritis: a 3-year, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Arch Intern Med. 2002; 162:2113-2123.
42. Caridad Pontes, Josep Ramon Marsal, Josep Maria Elorza, Maria Aragón, Daniel Prieto-Alhambra, Rosa Morros. Analgesic Use and Risk for Acute Coronary Events in Patients with Osteoarthritis: A Population-based, Nested Case-control Study. Clinical Therapeutics. 2018; 40(2): 270-283.
43. Pocobelli G, Kristal AR, Patterson RE et al. Total mortality risk in relation to use of less-common dietary supplements. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010; 91: 1791-800.
44. Katoh A, Kai H, Harada H, Niiyama H, Ikeda H. Oral Administration of Glucosamine Improves Vascular Endothelial Function by Modulating Intracellular Redox State. Int Heart J Ass. 2017;58 (6): 926-932.
45. [Tsvetkova ES, Denisov LN. Symptomatic treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee joints — new opportunities. Nauchno-prakticheskaya revmatologiya. 2011; 6. (In Russ.)].
46. [Tsvetkova ES, Ionichenok NG, Carosino PS, Olenin AYu, Puchkova OV, Smirnov A.V., Panasyuk E.Yu. Clinical and instrumental evaluation of the effect of pharmacotherapy on the course of osteoarthritis of the knee. Nauchno-prakticheskaya revmatologiya. 2007; (1). (In Russ.)].
47. Senin P, Makovec F, Rovati L. (1987) Stable compounds of glucosamine sulfate. USA Patent 4642340.
48. Persiani S, Roda E, Rovati LC, Locatelli M, Giacovelli G, Roda A. Glucosamine oral bioavailability and plasma pharmacokinetics after increasing doses of crystalline glucosamine sulfate in man. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2005;13:1041-1049. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2005.07.009
49. Persiani S, Rotini R, Trisolino G, Rovati LC, Locatelli M, Paganini D, Antonioli D, Roda A. Synovial and plasma glucosamine concentrations in osteoarthritic patients following oral crystalline glucosamine sulphate at therapeutic dose. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2007;15:764-772. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2007.01.019
50. Setnikar I, Rovati  LC. Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of glucosamine sulfate. A review. Arzneimittelforschung. 2001;51:699-725. 
51. Persiani S, Matthews A, Larger P, Hall M, Rotini R, Trisolino G, Antonioli D, Zaccarelli L, Rovati LC. Glucosamine binding to proteins in plasma and synovial fluid and blood cell/plasma partitioning in mouse and man in vitro. Drug Metabol Drug Interact. 2009;24:211-227. doi: 10.1515/DMDI.2009.24.2-4.211

А.В. НАУМОВ, О.Н. ТКАЧЕВА

Российский геронтологический научный клинический центр, ФГБОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России, кафедра болезней старения 
факультета дополнительного профессионального образования, Москва, Россия

________________________________________________

A.V. NAUMOV, O.N. TKACHEVA

Habilitation degree in Medicine, Russian Scientific Clinical Centre of Gerontology, FSBEI of Higher Education "N.I.Pirogov National Medical University", Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia