Взаимосвязи артериальной гипертензии и сниженной функции почек в популяции 25–45 лет
Взаимосвязи артериальной гипертензии и сниженной функции почек в популяции 25–45 лет
Ковалькова Н.А., Рагино Ю.И., Щербакова Л.В. и др. Взаимосвязи артериальной гипертензии и сниженной функции почек в популяции 25–45 лет. Терапевтический архив. 2019; 91 (1): 16–70.DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2019.01.000032
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Аннотация
Цель. Изучить взаимосвязи сниженной функции почек с артериальной гипертензией (АГ) и другими кардиометаболическими факторами риска в популяции 25–45 лет.
Материалы и методы. В течение 2013–2016 гг. проведено одномоментное популяционное обследование населения г. Новосибирска 25–45 лет. Всего обследовано 1074 человека (468 мужчин и 606 женщин). Респондентам измеряли артериальное давление (АД), окружность талии (ОТ), в крови исследовали уровни липидов, глюкозы, креатинина. Расчет скорости клубочковой фильтрации (СКФ) проводился по формуле CKD-EPI. АГ регистрировали при АД≥140/90 мм рт. ст., сниженную функцию почек – при СКФ <90 мл/мин/1,73 см2.
Результаты. Распространенность АГ составила среди мужчин 28%, среди женщин – 9%. Доля лиц с СКФ <90 мл/мин/1,73 см2 среди мужчин составила 9,8%, среди женщин – 34%. При этом среди всех обследованных СКФ <60 мл/мин/1,73 см2 регистрировалась лишь в 0,3% случаев. Связь АГ со сниженной функцией почек определялась только у мужчин. По результатам многофакторного линейного регрессионного анализа определялась достоверная отрицательная связь СКФ с возрастом, не выявлено ассоциаций СКФ с систолическим АД ни у мужчин, ни у женщин. У мужчин определялась обратная связь СКФ с холестерином (ХС) липопротеинов низкой плотности (ЛПНП), триглицеридами (ТГ), прямая – с ОТ. Достоверная обратная ассоциация СКФ с диастолическим АД (ДАД) достигалась лишь при исключении из регрессионной модели ТГ. У женщин определялась обратная связь СКФ с ХС ЛПНП, ДАД, прямая – с ОТ. При пошаговом анализе подтверждена достоверность всех достигнутых ассоциаций за исключением связи СКФ с ОТ у мужчин.
Заключение. В популяции 25–45 лет снижение СКФ ассоциировалось с повышением ДАД; уровни ХС ЛПНП, ТГ обратно ассоциировались с уровнем СКФ; у мужчин 25–45 лет повышение уровня ТГ имело большее значение в снижении СКФ, чем повышение ДАД.
Ключевые слова: эпидемиологическое исследование, артериальная гипертензия, скорость клубочковой фильтрации, функция почек, кардиометаболические факторы риска.
Materials and methods. A cross-sectional population study of one of the typical district of Novosibirsk (Russia) was performed during 2013–2016 years. The study included 468 men and 606 women aged 25–45 years. Blood pressure (BP), waist circumference (WC), blood lipids, glucose, creatinine were measured. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was calculated with the formula CKD-EPI. Hypertension was registered if blood pressure (BP) was ≥140/90 mm Hg, reduced kidney function – at GFR<90 ml/min/1.73 cm2.
Results. Prevalence of hypertension among men was 28%, among women – 9%. The proportion of people with GFR<90 ml/min/1.73 cm2 among men was 9.8%, among women – 34%. Among all examined people GFRs <60 ml/min/1.73 cm2 was revealed in 0.3% only. The association of hypertension with reduced renal function was determined only in men. Based on results of multivariate linear regression analysis, a significant negative association of GFR with age was determined, there was no association of GFR with systolic BP (SBP) in either men or women. In men, inverse relationships of GFR with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-С), triglycerides (TG), direct – with WC were determined. Significant inverse association of GFR with diastolic BP (DBP) was revealed only after exception of TG from the regression model. In women, GFR's inverse relationship with LDL-С and DBP was observed, and the direct – with WC. In stepwise analysis the validity of all associations was confirmed after exception of the association of GFR with WC in men.
Conclusions. In a population of 25–45 years a reduced GFR was associated with increased DBP; levels of LDL-С, TG showed negative association with GFR; in men increased TG levels were more important in reducing GFR than elevated DBP.
Keywords: epidemiological study, arterial hypertension, glomerular filtration rate, renal function, cardiometabolic risk factors.
Материалы и методы. В течение 2013–2016 гг. проведено одномоментное популяционное обследование населения г. Новосибирска 25–45 лет. Всего обследовано 1074 человека (468 мужчин и 606 женщин). Респондентам измеряли артериальное давление (АД), окружность талии (ОТ), в крови исследовали уровни липидов, глюкозы, креатинина. Расчет скорости клубочковой фильтрации (СКФ) проводился по формуле CKD-EPI. АГ регистрировали при АД≥140/90 мм рт. ст., сниженную функцию почек – при СКФ <90 мл/мин/1,73 см2.
Результаты. Распространенность АГ составила среди мужчин 28%, среди женщин – 9%. Доля лиц с СКФ <90 мл/мин/1,73 см2 среди мужчин составила 9,8%, среди женщин – 34%. При этом среди всех обследованных СКФ <60 мл/мин/1,73 см2 регистрировалась лишь в 0,3% случаев. Связь АГ со сниженной функцией почек определялась только у мужчин. По результатам многофакторного линейного регрессионного анализа определялась достоверная отрицательная связь СКФ с возрастом, не выявлено ассоциаций СКФ с систолическим АД ни у мужчин, ни у женщин. У мужчин определялась обратная связь СКФ с холестерином (ХС) липопротеинов низкой плотности (ЛПНП), триглицеридами (ТГ), прямая – с ОТ. Достоверная обратная ассоциация СКФ с диастолическим АД (ДАД) достигалась лишь при исключении из регрессионной модели ТГ. У женщин определялась обратная связь СКФ с ХС ЛПНП, ДАД, прямая – с ОТ. При пошаговом анализе подтверждена достоверность всех достигнутых ассоциаций за исключением связи СКФ с ОТ у мужчин.
Заключение. В популяции 25–45 лет снижение СКФ ассоциировалось с повышением ДАД; уровни ХС ЛПНП, ТГ обратно ассоциировались с уровнем СКФ; у мужчин 25–45 лет повышение уровня ТГ имело большее значение в снижении СКФ, чем повышение ДАД.
Ключевые слова: эпидемиологическое исследование, артериальная гипертензия, скорость клубочковой фильтрации, функция почек, кардиометаболические факторы риска.
________________________________________________
Materials and methods. A cross-sectional population study of one of the typical district of Novosibirsk (Russia) was performed during 2013–2016 years. The study included 468 men and 606 women aged 25–45 years. Blood pressure (BP), waist circumference (WC), blood lipids, glucose, creatinine were measured. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was calculated with the formula CKD-EPI. Hypertension was registered if blood pressure (BP) was ≥140/90 mm Hg, reduced kidney function – at GFR<90 ml/min/1.73 cm2.
Results. Prevalence of hypertension among men was 28%, among women – 9%. The proportion of people with GFR<90 ml/min/1.73 cm2 among men was 9.8%, among women – 34%. Among all examined people GFRs <60 ml/min/1.73 cm2 was revealed in 0.3% only. The association of hypertension with reduced renal function was determined only in men. Based on results of multivariate linear regression analysis, a significant negative association of GFR with age was determined, there was no association of GFR with systolic BP (SBP) in either men or women. In men, inverse relationships of GFR with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-С), triglycerides (TG), direct – with WC were determined. Significant inverse association of GFR with diastolic BP (DBP) was revealed only after exception of TG from the regression model. In women, GFR's inverse relationship with LDL-С and DBP was observed, and the direct – with WC. In stepwise analysis the validity of all associations was confirmed after exception of the association of GFR with WC in men.
Conclusions. In a population of 25–45 years a reduced GFR was associated with increased DBP; levels of LDL-С, TG showed negative association with GFR; in men increased TG levels were more important in reducing GFR than elevated DBP.
Keywords: epidemiological study, arterial hypertension, glomerular filtration rate, renal function, cardiometabolic risk factors.
Список литературы
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8. Смирнов А.В., Шилов Е.М., Добронравов В.А., Каюков И.Г., Бобкова И.Н., Швецов М.Ю., Цыгин А.Н., Шутов А.М. Национальные рекомендации. Хроническая болезнь почек: основные принципы скрининга, диагностики, профилактики и подходы к лечению. Нефрология. 2012;16(1):89-115 [Smirnov AV, Shilov EM, Dobronravov VA, Kayukov IG, Bobkova IN, Shvetsov MYu, Tsygin AN, Shutov AM. Natsional''nye rekomendatsii. Khronicheskaya bolezn'' pochek: osnovnye printsipy skrininga, diagnostiki, profilaktiki i podkhody k lecheniyu. Nephrology. 2012;16(1):89-115 (In Russ.)].
9. Go AS, Chertow GM, Fan D, McCulloch CE, Hsu CY. Chronic kidney disease and the risks of death, cardiovascular events, and hospitalization. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:1296-305. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa041031
10. 2013 ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2013;34(28):2159-219. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurhea rtj/eht151
11. Wilson PW, D'Agostino RB, Parise H, Sullivan L, Meigs JB. Metabolic syndrome as a precursor of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Circulation. 2005;112:3066-72. https://doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.105.539528
12. Воевода М.И., Ковалькова Н.А., Рагино Ю.И., Травникова Н.Ю., Денисова Д.В. Распространенность метаболического синдрома в популяции 25-45 лет г. Новосибирска. Терапевтический архив. 2016;88(10):51-7 [Voevoda MI, Kovalkova NA, Ragino YuI, Travnikova NYu, Denisova DV. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in 25-45-year-old Novosibirsk dwellers. Terapeutic Archive. 2016;88(10):51-7 (In Russ.)]. https://doi.org/10.17116/terarkh2016881051-56
13. Despres J-P. Abdominal obesity: the most prevalent cause of the metabolic syndrome and related cardiometabolic risk. Eur Heart J. 2006;8(suppl. B):4-12. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/sul002
14. Li Y, Wei FF, Wang S, Cheng YB, Wang JG. Cardiovascular risks associated with diastolic blood pressure and isolated diastolic hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2014 Nov;16(11):489. https://doi: 10.1007/s11906-014-0489-x
15. Li Y, Wei FF, Wang S, Cheng YB, Wang JG. Is systolic pressure more important than diastolic pressure? Bulpitt CJ J Hum Hypertens. 1990 Oct; 4(5):471-6.
16. Kanegae H, Oikawa T, Okawara Y, Hoshide S, Kario K. Which blood pressure measurement, systolic or diastolic, better predicts future hypertension in normotensive young adults? J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2017;19(6):603-10. https://doi: 10.1111/jch.13015. Epub 2017 Apr 26
17. Esler M, Julius S, Zweifler A, Randall O, Harburg E, Gardiner H, DeQuattro V. Mild High-Renin Essential Hypertension – Neurogenic Human Hypertension? N Engl J Med. 1977;296:405-11. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm 197702242960801
18. Kim JR, Kiefe CI, Liu K, Williams OD, Jacobs DR, Oberman A. Heart rate and subsequent blood pressure in young adults: the CARDIA study. Hypertension. 1999;33:640-46. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.hyp.33.2.640
19. Hattori M, Nikolic-Paterson DJ, Miyazaki K, Isbel NM, Lan HY, Atkins RC, Kawaguchi H, Ito K. Mechanisms of glomerular macrophage infiltration in lipid-induced renal injury. Kidney Int. 1999;56(Suppl 71):S47-S50. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1755.1999.07112.x
20. Vazquez-Perez S, Aragoncillo P, de Las Heras N, Navarro-Cid J, Cediel E. Atorvastatin prevents glomerulosclerosis and renal endothelial dysfunction in hypercholesterolaemic rabbits. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2001;16(Suppl 1):40-4. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/16.suppl_1.40
21. Chen HC, Guh JY, Shin SJ, Lai YH. Pravastatin suppress superoxide and fibronectin production of glomerular mesangial cells induced by oxidized-ldl and high glucose. Atherosclerosis. 2002;160(1):141-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9150(01)00545-7
22. Schaeffner ES, Kurth T, Curhan GC, Glynn RJ, Rexrode KM, Baigent C, Buring JE, Gaziano JM. Cholesterol and the risk of renal dysfunction in apparently healthy men. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2003;14(8):2084-91.
23. Chen SC, Hung CC, Kuo MC, Lee JJ, Chiu YW, Chang JM, Hwang SJ, Chen HC. Association of dyslipidemia with renal outcomes in chronic kidney disease. PLoS One. 2013;8(2):e55643. https://doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0055 643
24. Muntner P, Coresh J, Smith JC, Eckfeldt J, Klag MJ. Plasma lipids and risk of developing renal dysfunction: The atherosclerosis risk in communities study. Kidney Int. 2000;58:293-301. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1755.2000.00165.x
25. Abrass CK. Cellular lipid metabolism and the role of lipids in progressive renal disease. Am J Nephrol. 2004;24:46-53. https://doi.org/10.1159/000075925
2. Henry RM, Kostense PJ, Bos G, Dekker JM, Nijpels G, Heine RJ, Bouter LM, Stehouwer CD. Mild renal insufficiency is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality: the Hoorn Study. Kidney Int. 2002; 62:1402-7. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1755.2002.kid571.x
3. Smirnov AV, Dobronravov VA, Kayukov IG. Cardiorenal continuum, pathogenetical grounds of preventive nephrology. Nephrologia. 2005;9(3):7-15 (In Russ.)
4. Moiseev VS, Mukhin NA, Smirnov AV, Kobalava ZhD, Bobkova IN, Villeval'de SV, Efremovtseva MA, Kozlovskaya LV, Shvetsov MYu, Shestakova MV. Serdechno-sosudistyi risk i khronicheskaya bolezn' pochek: strategii kardio-nefroprotektsii. Eurasian J Internal Medicine. 2014;01(04):232-57 (In Russ.)
5. Oshchepkova EV, Dolgusheva IuA, Zhernakova IuV, Chazova IE, Shal'nova SA, Iarovaia EB, Rotar' OP, Konradi AO, Boitsov SA. The prevalence of renal dysfunction in arterial hypertension (in the framework of the ESSE-RF study). Systemic Hypertension. 2015;12(3):19-24 (In Russ.)
6. Kim M-J, Lim N-K, Park H-Y. Relationship between prehypertension and chronic kidney disease in middle-aged people in Korea: the Korean genome and epidemiology study. BMC Public Health. 2012;12:960. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-960
7. Mikhin IV, Bublikov AE. Pielonefrit: klinika, diagnostika, khirurgicheskoe lechenie. – Volgorad: Izd-vo VolgGMU, 2012; 84 s. (In Russ.)
8. Smirnov AV, Shilov EM, Dobronravov VA, Kayukov IG, Bobkova IN, Shvetsov MYu, Tsygin AN, Shutov AM. Natsional''nye rekomendatsii. Khronicheskaya bolezn'' pochek: osnovnye printsipy skrininga, diagnostiki, profilaktiki i podkhody k lecheniyu. Nephrology. 2012;16(1):89-115 (In Russ.)
9. Go AS, Chertow GM, Fan D, McCulloch CE, Hsu CY. Chronic kidney disease and the risks of death, cardiovascular events, and hospitalization. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:1296-305. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa041031
10. 2013 ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2013;34(28):2159-219. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurhea rtj/eht151
11. Wilson PW, D'Agostino RB, Parise H, Sullivan L, Meigs JB. Metabolic syndrome as a precursor of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Circulation. 2005;112:3066-72. https://doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.105.539528
12. Voevoda MI, Kovalkova NA, Ragino YuI, Travnikova NYu, Denisova DV. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in 25-45-year-old Novosibirsk dwellers. Terapeutic Archive. 2016;88(10):51-7 (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.17116/terarkh2016881051-56
13. Despres J-P. Abdominal obesity: the most prevalent cause of the metabolic syndrome and related cardiometabolic risk. Eur Heart J. 2006;8(suppl. B):4-12. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/sul002
14. Li Y, Wei FF, Wang S, Cheng YB, Wang JG. Cardiovascular risks associated with diastolic blood pressure and isolated diastolic hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2014 Nov;16(11):489. https://doi: 10.1007/s11906-014-0489-x
15. Li Y, Wei FF, Wang S, Cheng YB, Wang JG. Is systolic pressure more important than diastolic pressure? Bulpitt CJ J Hum Hypertens. 1990 Oct; 4(5):471-6.
16. Kanegae H, Oikawa T, Okawara Y, Hoshide S, Kario K. Which blood pressure measurement, systolic or diastolic, better predicts future hypertension in normotensive young adults? J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2017;19(6):603-10. https://doi: 10.1111/jch.13015. Epub 2017 Apr 26
17. Esler M, Julius S, Zweifler A, Randall O, Harburg E, Gardiner H, DeQuattro V. Mild High-Renin Essential Hypertension – Neurogenic Human Hypertension? N Engl J Med. 1977;296:405-11. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm 197702242960801
18. Kim JR, Kiefe CI, Liu K, Williams OD, Jacobs DR, Oberman A. Heart rate and subsequent blood pressure in young adults: the CARDIA study. Hypertension. 1999;33:640-46. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.hyp.33.2.640
19. Hattori M, Nikolic-Paterson DJ, Miyazaki K, Isbel NM, Lan HY, Atkins RC, Kawaguchi H, Ito K. Mechanisms of glomerular macrophage infiltration in lipid-induced renal injury. Kidney Int. 1999;56(Suppl 71):S47-S50. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1755.1999.07112.x
20. Vazquez-Perez S, Aragoncillo P, de Las Heras N, Navarro-Cid J, Cediel E. Atorvastatin prevents glomerulosclerosis and renal endothelial dysfunction in hypercholesterolaemic rabbits. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2001;16(Suppl 1):40-4. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/16.suppl_1.40
21. Chen HC, Guh JY, Shin SJ, Lai YH. Pravastatin suppress superoxide and fibronectin production of glomerular mesangial cells induced by oxidized-ldl and high glucose. Atherosclerosis. 2002;160(1):141-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9150(01)00545-7
22. Schaeffner ES, Kurth T, Curhan GC, Glynn RJ, Rexrode KM, Baigent C, Buring JE, Gaziano JM. Cholesterol and the risk of renal dysfunction in apparently healthy men. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2003;14(8):2084-91.
23. Chen SC, Hung CC, Kuo MC, Lee JJ, Chiu YW, Chang JM, Hwang SJ, Chen HC. Association of dyslipidemia with renal outcomes in chronic kidney disease. PLoS One. 2013;8(2):e55643. https://doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0055 643
24. Muntner P, Coresh J, Smith JC, Eckfeldt J, Klag MJ. Plasma lipids and risk of developing renal dysfunction: The atherosclerosis risk in communities study. Kidney Int. 2000;58:293-301. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1755.2000.00165.x
25. Abrass CK. Cellular lipid metabolism and the role of lipids in progressive renal disease. Am J Nephrol. 2004;24:46-53. https://doi.org/10.1159/000075925
2. Henry RM, Kostense PJ, Bos G, Dekker JM, Nijpels G, Heine RJ, Bouter LM, Stehouwer CD. Mild renal insufficiency is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality: the Hoorn Study. Kidney Int. 2002; 62:1402-7. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1755.2002.kid571.x
3. Смирнов А.В., Добронравов А.В., Каюков И.Г. Кардиоренальный континуум: патогенетические основы превентивной нефрологии. Нефрология. 2005;9(3):7-15 [Smirnov AV, Dobronravov VA, Kayukov IG. Cardiorenal continuum, pathogenetical grounds of preventive nephrology. Nephrologia. 2005;9(3):7-15 (In Russ.)].
4. Моисеев В.С., Мухин Н.А., Смирнов А.В., Кобалава Ж.Д., Бобкова И.Н., Виллевальде С.В., Ефремовцева М.А., Козловская Л.В., Швецов М.Ю., Шестакова М.В. Сердечно-сосудистый риск и хроническая болезнь почек: стратегии кардио-нефропротекции. Eurasian J Internal Medicine. 2014;01(04):232-57 [Moiseev VS, Mukhin NA, Smirnov AV, Kobalava ZhD, Bobkova IN, Villeval'de SV, Efremovtseva MA, Kozlovskaya LV, Shvetsov MYu, Shestakova MV. Serdechno-sosudistyi risk i khronicheskaya bolezn' pochek: strategii kardio-nefroprotektsii. Eurasian J Internal Medicine. 2014;01(04):232-57 (In Russ.)].
5. Ощепкова Е.В., Долгушева Ю.А., Жернакова Ю.В., Чазова И.Е., Шальнова С.А., Яровая Е.Б., Ротарь О.П., Конради А.О., Бойцов С.А. Распространенность нарушения функции почек при артериальной гипертонии (по данным эпидемиологического исследования ЭССЕ-РФ). Системные гипертензии. 2015;12(3):19-24 [Oshchepkova EV, Dolgusheva IuA, Zhernakova IuV, Chazova IE, Shal'nova SA, Iarovaia EB, Rotar' OP, Konradi AO, Boitsov SA. The prevalence of renal dysfunction in arterial hypertension (in the framework of the ESSE-RF study). Systemic Hypertension. 2015;12(3):19-24 (In Russ.)].
6. Kim M-J, Lim N-K, Park H-Y. Relationship between prehypertension and chronic kidney disease in middle-aged people in Korea: the Korean genome and epidemiology study. BMC Public Health. 2012;12:960. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-960
7. Михин И.В., Бубликов А.Е. Пиелонефрит: клиника, диагностика, хирургическое лечение. – Волгорад: Изд-во ВолгГМУ, 2012; 84 с. [Mikhin IV, Bublikov AE. Pielonefrit: klinika, diagnostika, khirurgicheskoe lechenie. – Volgorad: Izd-vo VolgGMU, 2012; 84 s. (In Russ.)].
8. Смирнов А.В., Шилов Е.М., Добронравов В.А., Каюков И.Г., Бобкова И.Н., Швецов М.Ю., Цыгин А.Н., Шутов А.М. Национальные рекомендации. Хроническая болезнь почек: основные принципы скрининга, диагностики, профилактики и подходы к лечению. Нефрология. 2012;16(1):89-115 [Smirnov AV, Shilov EM, Dobronravov VA, Kayukov IG, Bobkova IN, Shvetsov MYu, Tsygin AN, Shutov AM. Natsional''nye rekomendatsii. Khronicheskaya bolezn'' pochek: osnovnye printsipy skrininga, diagnostiki, profilaktiki i podkhody k lecheniyu. Nephrology. 2012;16(1):89-115 (In Russ.)].
9. Go AS, Chertow GM, Fan D, McCulloch CE, Hsu CY. Chronic kidney disease and the risks of death, cardiovascular events, and hospitalization. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:1296-305. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa041031
10. 2013 ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2013;34(28):2159-219. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurhea rtj/eht151
11. Wilson PW, D'Agostino RB, Parise H, Sullivan L, Meigs JB. Metabolic syndrome as a precursor of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Circulation. 2005;112:3066-72. https://doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.105.539528
12. Воевода М.И., Ковалькова Н.А., Рагино Ю.И., Травникова Н.Ю., Денисова Д.В. Распространенность метаболического синдрома в популяции 25-45 лет г. Новосибирска. Терапевтический архив. 2016;88(10):51-7 [Voevoda MI, Kovalkova NA, Ragino YuI, Travnikova NYu, Denisova DV. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in 25-45-year-old Novosibirsk dwellers. Terapeutic Archive. 2016;88(10):51-7 (In Russ.)]. https://doi.org/10.17116/terarkh2016881051-56
13. Despres J-P. Abdominal obesity: the most prevalent cause of the metabolic syndrome and related cardiometabolic risk. Eur Heart J. 2006;8(suppl. B):4-12. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/sul002
14. Li Y, Wei FF, Wang S, Cheng YB, Wang JG. Cardiovascular risks associated with diastolic blood pressure and isolated diastolic hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2014 Nov;16(11):489. https://doi: 10.1007/s11906-014-0489-x
15. Li Y, Wei FF, Wang S, Cheng YB, Wang JG. Is systolic pressure more important than diastolic pressure? Bulpitt CJ J Hum Hypertens. 1990 Oct; 4(5):471-6.
16. Kanegae H, Oikawa T, Okawara Y, Hoshide S, Kario K. Which blood pressure measurement, systolic or diastolic, better predicts future hypertension in normotensive young adults? J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2017;19(6):603-10. https://doi: 10.1111/jch.13015. Epub 2017 Apr 26
17. Esler M, Julius S, Zweifler A, Randall O, Harburg E, Gardiner H, DeQuattro V. Mild High-Renin Essential Hypertension – Neurogenic Human Hypertension? N Engl J Med. 1977;296:405-11. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm 197702242960801
18. Kim JR, Kiefe CI, Liu K, Williams OD, Jacobs DR, Oberman A. Heart rate and subsequent blood pressure in young adults: the CARDIA study. Hypertension. 1999;33:640-46. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.hyp.33.2.640
19. Hattori M, Nikolic-Paterson DJ, Miyazaki K, Isbel NM, Lan HY, Atkins RC, Kawaguchi H, Ito K. Mechanisms of glomerular macrophage infiltration in lipid-induced renal injury. Kidney Int. 1999;56(Suppl 71):S47-S50. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1755.1999.07112.x
20. Vazquez-Perez S, Aragoncillo P, de Las Heras N, Navarro-Cid J, Cediel E. Atorvastatin prevents glomerulosclerosis and renal endothelial dysfunction in hypercholesterolaemic rabbits. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2001;16(Suppl 1):40-4. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/16.suppl_1.40
21. Chen HC, Guh JY, Shin SJ, Lai YH. Pravastatin suppress superoxide and fibronectin production of glomerular mesangial cells induced by oxidized-ldl and high glucose. Atherosclerosis. 2002;160(1):141-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9150(01)00545-7
22. Schaeffner ES, Kurth T, Curhan GC, Glynn RJ, Rexrode KM, Baigent C, Buring JE, Gaziano JM. Cholesterol and the risk of renal dysfunction in apparently healthy men. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2003;14(8):2084-91.
23. Chen SC, Hung CC, Kuo MC, Lee JJ, Chiu YW, Chang JM, Hwang SJ, Chen HC. Association of dyslipidemia with renal outcomes in chronic kidney disease. PLoS One. 2013;8(2):e55643. https://doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0055 643
24. Muntner P, Coresh J, Smith JC, Eckfeldt J, Klag MJ. Plasma lipids and risk of developing renal dysfunction: The atherosclerosis risk in communities study. Kidney Int. 2000;58:293-301. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1755.2000.00165.x
25. Abrass CK. Cellular lipid metabolism and the role of lipids in progressive renal disease. Am J Nephrol. 2004;24:46-53. https://doi.org/10.1159/000075925
________________________________________________
2. Henry RM, Kostense PJ, Bos G, Dekker JM, Nijpels G, Heine RJ, Bouter LM, Stehouwer CD. Mild renal insufficiency is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality: the Hoorn Study. Kidney Int. 2002; 62:1402-7. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1755.2002.kid571.x
3. Smirnov AV, Dobronravov VA, Kayukov IG. Cardiorenal continuum, pathogenetical grounds of preventive nephrology. Nephrologia. 2005;9(3):7-15 (In Russ.)
4. Moiseev VS, Mukhin NA, Smirnov AV, Kobalava ZhD, Bobkova IN, Villeval'de SV, Efremovtseva MA, Kozlovskaya LV, Shvetsov MYu, Shestakova MV. Serdechno-sosudistyi risk i khronicheskaya bolezn' pochek: strategii kardio-nefroprotektsii. Eurasian J Internal Medicine. 2014;01(04):232-57 (In Russ.)
5. Oshchepkova EV, Dolgusheva IuA, Zhernakova IuV, Chazova IE, Shal'nova SA, Iarovaia EB, Rotar' OP, Konradi AO, Boitsov SA. The prevalence of renal dysfunction in arterial hypertension (in the framework of the ESSE-RF study). Systemic Hypertension. 2015;12(3):19-24 (In Russ.)
6. Kim M-J, Lim N-K, Park H-Y. Relationship between prehypertension and chronic kidney disease in middle-aged people in Korea: the Korean genome and epidemiology study. BMC Public Health. 2012;12:960. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-960
7. Mikhin IV, Bublikov AE. Pielonefrit: klinika, diagnostika, khirurgicheskoe lechenie. – Volgorad: Izd-vo VolgGMU, 2012; 84 s. (In Russ.)
8. Smirnov AV, Shilov EM, Dobronravov VA, Kayukov IG, Bobkova IN, Shvetsov MYu, Tsygin AN, Shutov AM. Natsional''nye rekomendatsii. Khronicheskaya bolezn'' pochek: osnovnye printsipy skrininga, diagnostiki, profilaktiki i podkhody k lecheniyu. Nephrology. 2012;16(1):89-115 (In Russ.)
9. Go AS, Chertow GM, Fan D, McCulloch CE, Hsu CY. Chronic kidney disease and the risks of death, cardiovascular events, and hospitalization. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:1296-305. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa041031
10. 2013 ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2013;34(28):2159-219. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurhea rtj/eht151
11. Wilson PW, D'Agostino RB, Parise H, Sullivan L, Meigs JB. Metabolic syndrome as a precursor of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Circulation. 2005;112:3066-72. https://doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.105.539528
12. Voevoda MI, Kovalkova NA, Ragino YuI, Travnikova NYu, Denisova DV. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in 25-45-year-old Novosibirsk dwellers. Terapeutic Archive. 2016;88(10):51-7 (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.17116/terarkh2016881051-56
13. Despres J-P. Abdominal obesity: the most prevalent cause of the metabolic syndrome and related cardiometabolic risk. Eur Heart J. 2006;8(suppl. B):4-12. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/sul002
14. Li Y, Wei FF, Wang S, Cheng YB, Wang JG. Cardiovascular risks associated with diastolic blood pressure and isolated diastolic hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2014 Nov;16(11):489. https://doi: 10.1007/s11906-014-0489-x
15. Li Y, Wei FF, Wang S, Cheng YB, Wang JG. Is systolic pressure more important than diastolic pressure? Bulpitt CJ J Hum Hypertens. 1990 Oct; 4(5):471-6.
16. Kanegae H, Oikawa T, Okawara Y, Hoshide S, Kario K. Which blood pressure measurement, systolic or diastolic, better predicts future hypertension in normotensive young adults? J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2017;19(6):603-10. https://doi: 10.1111/jch.13015. Epub 2017 Apr 26
17. Esler M, Julius S, Zweifler A, Randall O, Harburg E, Gardiner H, DeQuattro V. Mild High-Renin Essential Hypertension – Neurogenic Human Hypertension? N Engl J Med. 1977;296:405-11. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm 197702242960801
18. Kim JR, Kiefe CI, Liu K, Williams OD, Jacobs DR, Oberman A. Heart rate and subsequent blood pressure in young adults: the CARDIA study. Hypertension. 1999;33:640-46. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.hyp.33.2.640
19. Hattori M, Nikolic-Paterson DJ, Miyazaki K, Isbel NM, Lan HY, Atkins RC, Kawaguchi H, Ito K. Mechanisms of glomerular macrophage infiltration in lipid-induced renal injury. Kidney Int. 1999;56(Suppl 71):S47-S50. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1755.1999.07112.x
20. Vazquez-Perez S, Aragoncillo P, de Las Heras N, Navarro-Cid J, Cediel E. Atorvastatin prevents glomerulosclerosis and renal endothelial dysfunction in hypercholesterolaemic rabbits. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2001;16(Suppl 1):40-4. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/16.suppl_1.40
21. Chen HC, Guh JY, Shin SJ, Lai YH. Pravastatin suppress superoxide and fibronectin production of glomerular mesangial cells induced by oxidized-ldl and high glucose. Atherosclerosis. 2002;160(1):141-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9150(01)00545-7
22. Schaeffner ES, Kurth T, Curhan GC, Glynn RJ, Rexrode KM, Baigent C, Buring JE, Gaziano JM. Cholesterol and the risk of renal dysfunction in apparently healthy men. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2003;14(8):2084-91.
23. Chen SC, Hung CC, Kuo MC, Lee JJ, Chiu YW, Chang JM, Hwang SJ, Chen HC. Association of dyslipidemia with renal outcomes in chronic kidney disease. PLoS One. 2013;8(2):e55643. https://doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0055 643
24. Muntner P, Coresh J, Smith JC, Eckfeldt J, Klag MJ. Plasma lipids and risk of developing renal dysfunction: The atherosclerosis risk in communities study. Kidney Int. 2000;58:293-301. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1755.2000.00165.x
25. Abrass CK. Cellular lipid metabolism and the role of lipids in progressive renal disease. Am J Nephrol. 2004;24:46-53. https://doi.org/10.1159/000075925
Авторы
Н.А. Ковалькова, Ю.И. Рагино, Л.В. Щербакова, А.Д. Худякова, Д.В. Денисова, М.И. Воевода
Научно-исследовательский институт терапии и профилактической медицины – филиал ФГБНУ «Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук» (НИИТПМ – филиал ИЦиГ СО РАН), лаборатория клинических биохимических и гормональных исследований терапевтических заболеваний, Новосибирск, Россия
Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine – Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (IIPM – Branch of IC&G SB RAS), laboratory of clinical biochemical and hormonal studies of therapeutic diseases, Novosibirsk, Russia
Научно-исследовательский институт терапии и профилактической медицины – филиал ФГБНУ «Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук» (НИИТПМ – филиал ИЦиГ СО РАН), лаборатория клинических биохимических и гормональных исследований терапевтических заболеваний, Новосибирск, Россия
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Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine – Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (IIPM – Branch of IC&G SB RAS), laboratory of clinical biochemical and hormonal studies of therapeutic diseases, Novosibirsk, Russia
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