Диагностическая точность предиктивных индексов оценки фиброза печени у пациентов с хроническим гепатитом С - Журнал Терапевтический архив №2 Вопросы гастроэнтерологии 2020
Диагностическая точность предиктивных индексов оценки фиброза печени у пациентов с хроническим гепатитом С
Маев И.В., Кузнецова Е.И., Андреев Д.Н., Дичева Д.Т. Диагностическая точность предиктивных индексов оценки фиброза печени при идентификации выраженного фиброза и цирроза печени у пациентов с хроническим гепатитом С. Терапевтический архив. 2020; 92 (2): 24–28. DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2020.02.000261
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Аннотация
Цель исследования. Оценка диагностической точности предиктивных индексов оценки фиброза печени при идентификации выраженного фиброза и цирроза печени (F3–F4) у пациентов с хроническим гепатитом С (ХГС).
Материалы и методы. В исследование ретроспективного дизайна включено 127 пациентов с ХГС (средний возраст – 44,5±11,1 года). Всем пациентам для оценки степени фиброза печени выполнялась транзиентная эластография на аппарате Fibroscan (EchoSens, Франция) и рассчитывались предиктивные индексы оценки фиброза печени (APRI, FIB-4, дискриминантная шкала Боначини). Транзиентная эластография рассматривалась как референтный метод оценки степени фиброза печени для последующего сопоставления результатов с предиктивными индексами фиброза.
Результаты. Показатели предиктивных индексов фиброза печени, свидетельствующие в пользу наличия у пациента выраженного фиброза и цирроза печени (F3–F4), выявлены у 64 пациентов при расчете индекса APRI (>1,5), у 47 пациентов при расчете индекса FIB-4 (>3,25) и у 41 больного при оценке по дискриминантной шкале Боначини (>6). Чувствительность индекса APRI при идентификации выраженного фиброза и цирроза печени (F3–F4) составила 79%, а специфичность – 69%. Индекс FIB-4 продемонстрировал большую специфичность (86%), однако меньшую чувствительность (68%). Чувствительность дискриминантной шкалы Боначини составила 81%, а специфичность – 77%. Положительная предсказательная ценность индекса APRI, FIB-4 и шкалы Боначини при идентификации выраженного фиброза и цирроза печени (F3–F4) у пациентов с ХГС составила 66; 78 и 72% соответственно, а негативная предсказательная ценность – 82; 78 и 84% соответственно.
Заключение. Результаты настоящего исследования свидетельствуют об относительно высокой диагностической точности ряда предиктивных индексов оценки фиброза печени (APRI, FIB-4, дискриминантная шкала Боначини) при идентификации выраженного фиброза и цирроза печени (F3–F4) у пациентов с ХГС.
Ключевые слова: хронический гепатит С, фиброз печени, транзиентная эластография, APRI, FIB-4, дискриминантная шкала Боначини.
Materials and methods. The retrospective design study included 127 patients with chronic hepatitis C (mean age 44.5±11.1 years). To assess the degree of liver fibrosis, all patients underwent transient elastography using a Fibroscan (EchoSens, France) and predictive indexes of liver fibrosis were calculated (APRI, FIB-4, discriminant Bonacini score). Transient elastography was considered as a reference method for assessing the degree of liver fibrosis for subsequent comparison of results with predictive fibrosis indixes.
Results. The sensitivity of the APRI index for the identification of severe fibrosis and cirrhosis of the liver (F3–F4) was 79%, and specificity was 69%. The FIB-4 index showed greater specificity (86%), but less sensitivity (68%). The sensitivity of the discriminant Bonacini scale was 81%, and the specificity was 77%. The positive predictive value of the APRI index, FIB-4 and the Bonacini scale for the identification of severe fibrosis and cirrhosis of the liver (F3–F4) in patients with chronic hepatitis C was 66; 78 and 72% respectively, and negative predictive value – 82; 78 and 84% respectively.
Conclusion. The results of this study indicate the relatively high diagnostic accuracy of a number of predictive indexes for evaluating liver fibrosis (APRI, FIB-4, discriminant Bonachini scale) in identifying severe fibrosis and cirrhosis of the liver (F3–F4) in patients with chronic hepatitis C.
Keywords: chronic hepatitis C, liver fibrosis, transient elastography, APRI, FIB-4, discriminant Bonacini score.
Материалы и методы. В исследование ретроспективного дизайна включено 127 пациентов с ХГС (средний возраст – 44,5±11,1 года). Всем пациентам для оценки степени фиброза печени выполнялась транзиентная эластография на аппарате Fibroscan (EchoSens, Франция) и рассчитывались предиктивные индексы оценки фиброза печени (APRI, FIB-4, дискриминантная шкала Боначини). Транзиентная эластография рассматривалась как референтный метод оценки степени фиброза печени для последующего сопоставления результатов с предиктивными индексами фиброза.
Результаты. Показатели предиктивных индексов фиброза печени, свидетельствующие в пользу наличия у пациента выраженного фиброза и цирроза печени (F3–F4), выявлены у 64 пациентов при расчете индекса APRI (>1,5), у 47 пациентов при расчете индекса FIB-4 (>3,25) и у 41 больного при оценке по дискриминантной шкале Боначини (>6). Чувствительность индекса APRI при идентификации выраженного фиброза и цирроза печени (F3–F4) составила 79%, а специфичность – 69%. Индекс FIB-4 продемонстрировал большую специфичность (86%), однако меньшую чувствительность (68%). Чувствительность дискриминантной шкалы Боначини составила 81%, а специфичность – 77%. Положительная предсказательная ценность индекса APRI, FIB-4 и шкалы Боначини при идентификации выраженного фиброза и цирроза печени (F3–F4) у пациентов с ХГС составила 66; 78 и 72% соответственно, а негативная предсказательная ценность – 82; 78 и 84% соответственно.
Заключение. Результаты настоящего исследования свидетельствуют об относительно высокой диагностической точности ряда предиктивных индексов оценки фиброза печени (APRI, FIB-4, дискриминантная шкала Боначини) при идентификации выраженного фиброза и цирроза печени (F3–F4) у пациентов с ХГС.
Ключевые слова: хронический гепатит С, фиброз печени, транзиентная эластография, APRI, FIB-4, дискриминантная шкала Боначини.
________________________________________________
Materials and methods. The retrospective design study included 127 patients with chronic hepatitis C (mean age 44.5±11.1 years). To assess the degree of liver fibrosis, all patients underwent transient elastography using a Fibroscan (EchoSens, France) and predictive indexes of liver fibrosis were calculated (APRI, FIB-4, discriminant Bonacini score). Transient elastography was considered as a reference method for assessing the degree of liver fibrosis for subsequent comparison of results with predictive fibrosis indixes.
Results. The sensitivity of the APRI index for the identification of severe fibrosis and cirrhosis of the liver (F3–F4) was 79%, and specificity was 69%. The FIB-4 index showed greater specificity (86%), but less sensitivity (68%). The sensitivity of the discriminant Bonacini scale was 81%, and the specificity was 77%. The positive predictive value of the APRI index, FIB-4 and the Bonacini scale for the identification of severe fibrosis and cirrhosis of the liver (F3–F4) in patients with chronic hepatitis C was 66; 78 and 72% respectively, and negative predictive value – 82; 78 and 84% respectively.
Conclusion. The results of this study indicate the relatively high diagnostic accuracy of a number of predictive indexes for evaluating liver fibrosis (APRI, FIB-4, discriminant Bonachini scale) in identifying severe fibrosis and cirrhosis of the liver (F3–F4) in patients with chronic hepatitis C.
Keywords: chronic hepatitis C, liver fibrosis, transient elastography, APRI, FIB-4, discriminant Bonacini score.
Список литературы
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20. Wai CT, Greenson JK, Fontana RJ, Kalbfleisch JD, Marrero JA, Conjeevaram HS, Lok AS. A simple noninvasive index can predict both significant fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology. 2003;38(2):518-26. doi: 10.1053/jhep.2003.50346
21. Ragazzo TG, Paranagua-Vezozzo D, Lima FR, de Campos Mazo DF, Pessoa MG, Oliveira CP, et al. Accuracy of transient elastography-FibroScan®, acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging, the enhanced liver fibrosis (ELF) test, APRI, and the FIB-4 index compared with liver biopsy in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2017 Oct;72(9):516-25. doi: 10.6061/clinics/2017(09)01
22. Vallet-Pichard A, Mallet V, Nalpas B, Verkarre V, Nalpas A, Dhalluin-Venier V, et al. FIB-4: an inexpensive and accurate marker of fibrosis in HCV infection. Comparison with liver biopsy and fibrotest. Hepatology. 2007;46(1):32-6. doi: 10.1002/hep.21669
23. Bonacini M, Hadi G, Govindarajan S, Lindsay KL. Utility of a discriminant score for diagnosing advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Am J Gastroenterol. 1997;92(8):1302-4.
24. Advances in Clinical Chemistry. Vol. 70. 1st ed. Academic Press, 2015.
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26. Морозов С.В., Кучерявый Ю.А., Стукова Н.Ю., Краснякова Е.А. Непрямая ультразвуковая эластография печени: от диагностики фиброза печени – к контролю над лечением. Доказательная гастроэнтерология. 2013;(2):31-7 [Morozov SV, Kucheriavyi IuA, Stukova NIu, Krasniakova EA. Indirect ultrasound elastography of the liver: from diagnostics of liver fibrosis to control over its treatment. Dokazatelnaya Gastroenterologiya. 2013;(2):31-7 (In Russ.)].
27. Friedrich-Rust M, Ong MF, Martens S, Sarrazin C, Bojunga J, Zeuzem S, Herrmann E. Performance of transient elastography for the staging of liver fibrosis: a meta-analysis. Gastroenterology. 2008;134(4):960-74. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2008.01.034
28. Schmid P, Bregenzer A, Huber M, Rauch A, Jochum W, Müllhaupt B, et al. Progression of Liver Fibrosis in HIV/HCV Co-Infection: A Comparison between Non-Invasive Assessment Methods and Liver Biopsy. PLoS One. 2015;10(9):e0138838. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138838. eCollection 2015.
29. Berenguer J, Zamora FX, Aldámiz-Echevarría T, Von Wichmann MA, Crespo M, López-Aldeguer J, et al. Comparison of the prognostic value of liver biopsy and FIB-4 index in patients coinfected with HIV and hepatitis C virus. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;60(6):950-8. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciu939
30. Dolmazashvili E, Karchava M, Abutidze A, Sharvadze L, Tsertsvadze T. Comparative study of FIB-4 index and transient elastography among patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection in Georgia. Georgian Med News. 2017;(264):81-6.
31. Bonnard P, Elsharkawy A, Zalata K, Delarocque-Astagneau E, Biard L, Le Fouler L, et al. Comparison of liver biopsy and noninvasive techniques for liver fibrosis assessment in patients infected with HCV-genotype 4 in Egypt. J Viral Hepat. 2015;22(3):245-53. doi: 10.1111/jvh.12285
32. Taneja S, Tohra S, Duseja A, Dhiman RK, Chawla YK. Noninvasive Assessment of Liver Fibrosis by Transient Elastography and FIB4/APRI for Prediction of Treatment Response in Chronic Hepatitis C-An Experience from a Tertiary Care Hospital. J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2016;6(4):282-90. doi: 10.1016/j.jceh.2016.08.001
2. Wedemeyer H. Hepatitis C. In: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, eds. Sleisenger and Fordtran’s Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Management. 10th ed. Elsevier, 2015.
3. GBD 2016 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet. 2017;390(10100):1211-59. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32154-2
4. Dore GJ, Hatzakis A, Negro F, Waked I. Estimating HCV disease burden-volume 4 (editorial). J Viral Hepat. 2017;24 Suppl 2:4-7. doi: 10.1111/jvh.12763
5. Negro F. Epidemiology of hepatitis C in Europe. Dig Liver Dis. 2014 Dec 15;46 Suppl 5:S158-64. doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2014.09.023
6. Poterucha JJ. Viral hepatitis. In.: Mayo Clinic Gastroenterology and Hepatology Board Review. New York, 2015.
7. Alberti A, Chemello L, Benvegnù L. Natural history of hepatitis C. J Hepatol. 1999;31 Suppl 1:17-24.
8. Thein HH, Yi Q, Dore GJ, Krahn MD. Estimation of stage-specific fibrosis progression rates in chronic hepatitis C virus infection: a meta-analysis and meta-regression. Hepatology. 2008;48(2):418-31. doi: 10.1002/hep.22375
9. Ikeda K, Saitoh S, Suzuki Y, Kobayashi M, Tsubota A, Koida I, et al. Disease progression and hepatocellular carcinogenesis in patients with chronic viral hepatitis: a prospective observation of 2215 patients. J Hepatol. 1998;28(6):930-8.
10. Sebastiani G, Gkouvatsos K, Pantopoulos K. Chronic hepatitis C and liver fibrosis. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20(32):11033-53. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i32.11033
11. Bataller R, Brenner DA. Liver fibrosis. J Clin Invest. 2005;115(2):209-18.
12. Lee UE, Friedman SL. Mechanisms of hepatic fibrogenesis. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2011;25:195-206. doi: 10.1016/j.bpg.2011.02.005
13. Bataller R, Paik YH, Lindquist JN, Lemasters JJ, Brenner DA. Hepatitis C virus core and nonstructural proteins induce fibrogenic effects in hepatic stellate cells. Gastroenterology. 2004;126(2):529-40.
14. European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL Recommendations on Treatment of Hepatitis C 2016. J Hepatol. 2017;66(1):153-94. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.09.001
15. European Association for Study of Liver; Asociacion Latinoamericana para el Estudio del Higado. EASL-ALEH Clinical Practice Guidelines: Non-invasive tests for evaluation of liver disease severity and prognosis. J Hepatol. 2015;63(1):237-64. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.04.006
16. Kamath PS, Shah VH. Overview of Cirrhosis. In: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, eds. Sleisenger and Fordtran’s Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Management. 10th ed. Elsevier, 2015.
17. Carey E, Carey WD. Noninvasive tests for liver disease, fibrosis, and cirrhosis: Is liver biopsy obsolete? Cleve Clin J Med. 2010;77(8):519-27. doi: 10.3949/ccjm.77a.09138
18. Crespo G, Fernández-Varo G, Mariño Z, Casals G, Miquel R, Martínez SM, et al. ARFI, FibroScan, ELF, and their combinations in the assessment of liver fibrosis: a prospective study. J Hepatol. 2012;57(2):281-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2012.03.016
19. Maev IV, Kuznetsova EI, Andreev DN, Dicheva DT. Current and future approaches to the diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Consilium Medicum. 2015;17(8):20-7 (In Russ.)
20. Wai CT, Greenson JK, Fontana RJ, Kalbfleisch JD, Marrero JA, Conjeevaram HS, Lok AS. A simple noninvasive index can predict both significant fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology. 2003;38(2):518-26. doi: 10.1053/jhep.2003.50346
21. Ragazzo TG, Paranagua-Vezozzo D, Lima FR, de Campos Mazo DF, Pessoa MG, Oliveira CP, et al. Accuracy of transient elastography-FibroScan®, acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging, the enhanced liver fibrosis (ELF) test, APRI, and the FIB-4 index compared with liver biopsy in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2017 Oct;72(9):516-25. doi: 10.6061/clinics/2017(09)01
22. Vallet-Pichard A, Mallet V, Nalpas B, Verkarre V, Nalpas A, Dhalluin-Venier V, et al. FIB-4: an inexpensive and accurate marker of fibrosis in HCV infection. Comparison with liver biopsy and fibrotest. Hepatology. 2007;46(1):32-6. doi: 10.1002/hep.21669
23. Bonacini M, Hadi G, Govindarajan S, Lindsay KL. Utility of a discriminant score for diagnosing advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Am J Gastroenterol. 1997;92(8):1302-4.
24. Advances in Clinical Chemistry. Vol. 70. 1st ed. Academic Press, 2015.
25. Chou R, Wasson N. Blood tests to diagnose fibrosis or cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med. 2013;158(11):807-20. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-158-11-201306040-00005
26. Morozov SV, Kucheriavyi IuA, Stukova NIu, Krasniakova EA. Indirect ultrasound elastography of the liver: from diagnostics of liver fibrosis to control over its treatment. Dokazatelnaya Gastroenterologiya. 2013;(2):31-7 (In Russ.)
27. Friedrich-Rust M, Ong MF, Martens S, Sarrazin C, Bojunga J, Zeuzem S, Herrmann E. Performance of transient elastography for the staging of liver fibrosis: a meta-analysis. Gastroenterology. 2008;134(4):960-74. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2008.01.034
28. Schmid P, Bregenzer A, Huber M, Rauch A, Jochum W, Müllhaupt B, et al. Progression of Liver Fibrosis in HIV/HCV Co-Infection: A Comparison between Non-Invasive Assessment Methods and Liver Biopsy. PLoS One. 2015;10(9):e0138838. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138838. eCollection 2015.
29. Berenguer J, Zamora FX, Aldámiz-Echevarría T, Von Wichmann MA, Crespo M, López-Aldeguer J, et al. Comparison of the prognostic value of liver biopsy and FIB-4 index in patients coinfected with HIV and hepatitis C virus. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;60(6):950-8. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciu939
30. Dolmazashvili E, Karchava M, Abutidze A, Sharvadze L, Tsertsvadze T. Comparative study of FIB-4 index and transient elastography among patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection in Georgia. Georgian Med News. 2017;(264):81-6.
31. Bonnard P, Elsharkawy A, Zalata K, Delarocque-Astagneau E, Biard L, Le Fouler L, et al. Comparison of liver biopsy and noninvasive techniques for liver fibrosis assessment in patients infected with HCV-genotype 4 in Egypt. J Viral Hepat. 2015;22(3):245-53. doi: 10.1111/jvh.12285
32. Taneja S, Tohra S, Duseja A, Dhiman RK, Chawla YK. Noninvasive Assessment of Liver Fibrosis by Transient Elastography and FIB4/APRI for Prediction of Treatment Response in Chronic Hepatitis C-An Experience from a Tertiary Care Hospital. J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2016;6(4):282-90. doi: 10.1016/j.jceh.2016.08.001
2. Wedemeyer H. Hepatitis C. In: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, eds. Sleisenger and Fordtran’s Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Management. 10th ed. Elsevier, 2015.
3. GBD 2016 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet. 2017;390(10100):1211-59. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32154-2
4. Dore GJ, Hatzakis A, Negro F, Waked I. Estimating HCV disease burden-volume 4 (editorial). J Viral Hepat. 2017;24 Suppl 2:4-7. doi: 10.1111/jvh.12763
5. Negro F. Epidemiology of hepatitis C in Europe. Dig Liver Dis. 2014 Dec 15;46 Suppl 5:S158-64. doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2014.09.023
6. Poterucha JJ. Viral hepatitis. In.: Mayo Clinic Gastroenterology and Hepatology Board Review. New York, 2015.
7. Alberti A, Chemello L, Benvegnù L. Natural history of hepatitis C. J Hepatol. 1999;31 Suppl 1:17-24.
8. Thein HH, Yi Q, Dore GJ, Krahn MD. Estimation of stage-specific fibrosis progression rates in chronic hepatitis C virus infection: a meta-analysis and meta-regression. Hepatology. 2008;48(2):418-31. doi: 10.1002/hep.22375
9. Ikeda K, Saitoh S, Suzuki Y, Kobayashi M, Tsubota A, Koida I, et al. Disease progression and hepatocellular carcinogenesis in patients with chronic viral hepatitis: a prospective observation of 2215 patients. J Hepatol. 1998;28(6):930-8.
10. Sebastiani G, Gkouvatsos K, Pantopoulos K. Chronic hepatitis C and liver fibrosis. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20(32):11033-53. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i32.11033
11. Bataller R, Brenner DA. Liver fibrosis. J Clin Invest. 2005;115(2):209-18.
12. Lee UE, Friedman SL. Mechanisms of hepatic fibrogenesis. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2011;25:195-206. doi: 10.1016/j.bpg.2011.02.005
13. Bataller R, Paik YH, Lindquist JN, Lemasters JJ, Brenner DA. Hepatitis C virus core and nonstructural proteins induce fibrogenic effects in hepatic stellate cells. Gastroenterology. 2004;126(2):529-40.
14. European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL Recommendations on Treatment of Hepatitis C 2016. J Hepatol. 2017;66(1):153-94. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.09.001
15. European Association for Study of Liver; Asociacion Latinoamericana para el Estudio del Higado. EASL-ALEH Clinical Practice Guidelines: Non-invasive tests for evaluation of liver disease severity and prognosis. J Hepatol. 2015;63(1):237-64. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.04.006
16. Kamath PS, Shah VH. Overview of Cirrhosis. In: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, eds. Sleisenger and Fordtran’s Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Management. 10th ed. Elsevier, 2015.
17. Carey E, Carey WD. Noninvasive tests for liver disease, fibrosis, and cirrhosis: Is liver biopsy obsolete? Cleve Clin J Med. 2010;77(8):519-27. doi: 10.3949/ccjm.77a.09138
18. Crespo G, Fernández-Varo G, Mariño Z, Casals G, Miquel R, Martínez SM, et al. ARFI, FibroScan, ELF, and their combinations in the assessment of liver fibrosis: a prospective study. J Hepatol. 2012;57(2):281-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2012.03.016
19. Маев И.В., Кузнецова Е.И., Андреев Д.Н., Дичева Д.Т. Современные и перспективные подходы к диагностике неалкогольной жировой болезни печени. Consilium Medicum. 2015;17(8):20-7 [Maev IV, Kuznetsova EI, Andreev DN, Dicheva DT. Current and future approaches to the diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Consilium Medicum. 2015;17(8):20-7 (In Russ.)].
20. Wai CT, Greenson JK, Fontana RJ, Kalbfleisch JD, Marrero JA, Conjeevaram HS, Lok AS. A simple noninvasive index can predict both significant fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology. 2003;38(2):518-26. doi: 10.1053/jhep.2003.50346
21. Ragazzo TG, Paranagua-Vezozzo D, Lima FR, de Campos Mazo DF, Pessoa MG, Oliveira CP, et al. Accuracy of transient elastography-FibroScan®, acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging, the enhanced liver fibrosis (ELF) test, APRI, and the FIB-4 index compared with liver biopsy in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2017 Oct;72(9):516-25. doi: 10.6061/clinics/2017(09)01
22. Vallet-Pichard A, Mallet V, Nalpas B, Verkarre V, Nalpas A, Dhalluin-Venier V, et al. FIB-4: an inexpensive and accurate marker of fibrosis in HCV infection. Comparison with liver biopsy and fibrotest. Hepatology. 2007;46(1):32-6. doi: 10.1002/hep.21669
23. Bonacini M, Hadi G, Govindarajan S, Lindsay KL. Utility of a discriminant score for diagnosing advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Am J Gastroenterol. 1997;92(8):1302-4.
24. Advances in Clinical Chemistry. Vol. 70. 1st ed. Academic Press, 2015.
25. Chou R, Wasson N. Blood tests to diagnose fibrosis or cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med. 2013;158(11):807-20. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-158-11-201306040-00005
26. Морозов С.В., Кучерявый Ю.А., Стукова Н.Ю., Краснякова Е.А. Непрямая ультразвуковая эластография печени: от диагностики фиброза печени – к контролю над лечением. Доказательная гастроэнтерология. 2013;(2):31-7 [Morozov SV, Kucheriavyi IuA, Stukova NIu, Krasniakova EA. Indirect ultrasound elastography of the liver: from diagnostics of liver fibrosis to control over its treatment. Dokazatelnaya Gastroenterologiya. 2013;(2):31-7 (In Russ.)].
27. Friedrich-Rust M, Ong MF, Martens S, Sarrazin C, Bojunga J, Zeuzem S, Herrmann E. Performance of transient elastography for the staging of liver fibrosis: a meta-analysis. Gastroenterology. 2008;134(4):960-74. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2008.01.034
28. Schmid P, Bregenzer A, Huber M, Rauch A, Jochum W, Müllhaupt B, et al. Progression of Liver Fibrosis in HIV/HCV Co-Infection: A Comparison between Non-Invasive Assessment Methods and Liver Biopsy. PLoS One. 2015;10(9):e0138838. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138838. eCollection 2015.
29. Berenguer J, Zamora FX, Aldámiz-Echevarría T, Von Wichmann MA, Crespo M, López-Aldeguer J, et al. Comparison of the prognostic value of liver biopsy and FIB-4 index in patients coinfected with HIV and hepatitis C virus. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;60(6):950-8. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciu939
30. Dolmazashvili E, Karchava M, Abutidze A, Sharvadze L, Tsertsvadze T. Comparative study of FIB-4 index and transient elastography among patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection in Georgia. Georgian Med News. 2017;(264):81-6.
31. Bonnard P, Elsharkawy A, Zalata K, Delarocque-Astagneau E, Biard L, Le Fouler L, et al. Comparison of liver biopsy and noninvasive techniques for liver fibrosis assessment in patients infected with HCV-genotype 4 in Egypt. J Viral Hepat. 2015;22(3):245-53. doi: 10.1111/jvh.12285
32. Taneja S, Tohra S, Duseja A, Dhiman RK, Chawla YK. Noninvasive Assessment of Liver Fibrosis by Transient Elastography and FIB4/APRI for Prediction of Treatment Response in Chronic Hepatitis C-An Experience from a Tertiary Care Hospital. J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2016;6(4):282-90. doi: 10.1016/j.jceh.2016.08.001
________________________________________________
2. Wedemeyer H. Hepatitis C. In: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, eds. Sleisenger and Fordtran’s Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Management. 10th ed. Elsevier, 2015.
3. GBD 2016 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet. 2017;390(10100):1211-59. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32154-2
4. Dore GJ, Hatzakis A, Negro F, Waked I. Estimating HCV disease burden-volume 4 (editorial). J Viral Hepat. 2017;24 Suppl 2:4-7. doi: 10.1111/jvh.12763
5. Negro F. Epidemiology of hepatitis C in Europe. Dig Liver Dis. 2014 Dec 15;46 Suppl 5:S158-64. doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2014.09.023
6. Poterucha JJ. Viral hepatitis. In.: Mayo Clinic Gastroenterology and Hepatology Board Review. New York, 2015.
7. Alberti A, Chemello L, Benvegnù L. Natural history of hepatitis C. J Hepatol. 1999;31 Suppl 1:17-24.
8. Thein HH, Yi Q, Dore GJ, Krahn MD. Estimation of stage-specific fibrosis progression rates in chronic hepatitis C virus infection: a meta-analysis and meta-regression. Hepatology. 2008;48(2):418-31. doi: 10.1002/hep.22375
9. Ikeda K, Saitoh S, Suzuki Y, Kobayashi M, Tsubota A, Koida I, et al. Disease progression and hepatocellular carcinogenesis in patients with chronic viral hepatitis: a prospective observation of 2215 patients. J Hepatol. 1998;28(6):930-8.
10. Sebastiani G, Gkouvatsos K, Pantopoulos K. Chronic hepatitis C and liver fibrosis. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20(32):11033-53. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i32.11033
11. Bataller R, Brenner DA. Liver fibrosis. J Clin Invest. 2005;115(2):209-18.
12. Lee UE, Friedman SL. Mechanisms of hepatic fibrogenesis. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2011;25:195-206. doi: 10.1016/j.bpg.2011.02.005
13. Bataller R, Paik YH, Lindquist JN, Lemasters JJ, Brenner DA. Hepatitis C virus core and nonstructural proteins induce fibrogenic effects in hepatic stellate cells. Gastroenterology. 2004;126(2):529-40.
14. European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL Recommendations on Treatment of Hepatitis C 2016. J Hepatol. 2017;66(1):153-94. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.09.001
15. European Association for Study of Liver; Asociacion Latinoamericana para el Estudio del Higado. EASL-ALEH Clinical Practice Guidelines: Non-invasive tests for evaluation of liver disease severity and prognosis. J Hepatol. 2015;63(1):237-64. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.04.006
16. Kamath PS, Shah VH. Overview of Cirrhosis. In: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, eds. Sleisenger and Fordtran’s Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Management. 10th ed. Elsevier, 2015.
17. Carey E, Carey WD. Noninvasive tests for liver disease, fibrosis, and cirrhosis: Is liver biopsy obsolete? Cleve Clin J Med. 2010;77(8):519-27. doi: 10.3949/ccjm.77a.09138
18. Crespo G, Fernández-Varo G, Mariño Z, Casals G, Miquel R, Martínez SM, et al. ARFI, FibroScan, ELF, and their combinations in the assessment of liver fibrosis: a prospective study. J Hepatol. 2012;57(2):281-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2012.03.016
19. Maev IV, Kuznetsova EI, Andreev DN, Dicheva DT. Current and future approaches to the diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Consilium Medicum. 2015;17(8):20-7 (In Russ.)
20. Wai CT, Greenson JK, Fontana RJ, Kalbfleisch JD, Marrero JA, Conjeevaram HS, Lok AS. A simple noninvasive index can predict both significant fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology. 2003;38(2):518-26. doi: 10.1053/jhep.2003.50346
21. Ragazzo TG, Paranagua-Vezozzo D, Lima FR, de Campos Mazo DF, Pessoa MG, Oliveira CP, et al. Accuracy of transient elastography-FibroScan®, acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging, the enhanced liver fibrosis (ELF) test, APRI, and the FIB-4 index compared with liver biopsy in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2017 Oct;72(9):516-25. doi: 10.6061/clinics/2017(09)01
22. Vallet-Pichard A, Mallet V, Nalpas B, Verkarre V, Nalpas A, Dhalluin-Venier V, et al. FIB-4: an inexpensive and accurate marker of fibrosis in HCV infection. Comparison with liver biopsy and fibrotest. Hepatology. 2007;46(1):32-6. doi: 10.1002/hep.21669
23. Bonacini M, Hadi G, Govindarajan S, Lindsay KL. Utility of a discriminant score for diagnosing advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Am J Gastroenterol. 1997;92(8):1302-4.
24. Advances in Clinical Chemistry. Vol. 70. 1st ed. Academic Press, 2015.
25. Chou R, Wasson N. Blood tests to diagnose fibrosis or cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med. 2013;158(11):807-20. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-158-11-201306040-00005
26. Morozov SV, Kucheriavyi IuA, Stukova NIu, Krasniakova EA. Indirect ultrasound elastography of the liver: from diagnostics of liver fibrosis to control over its treatment. Dokazatelnaya Gastroenterologiya. 2013;(2):31-7 (In Russ.)
27. Friedrich-Rust M, Ong MF, Martens S, Sarrazin C, Bojunga J, Zeuzem S, Herrmann E. Performance of transient elastography for the staging of liver fibrosis: a meta-analysis. Gastroenterology. 2008;134(4):960-74. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2008.01.034
28. Schmid P, Bregenzer A, Huber M, Rauch A, Jochum W, Müllhaupt B, et al. Progression of Liver Fibrosis in HIV/HCV Co-Infection: A Comparison between Non-Invasive Assessment Methods and Liver Biopsy. PLoS One. 2015;10(9):e0138838. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138838. eCollection 2015.
29. Berenguer J, Zamora FX, Aldámiz-Echevarría T, Von Wichmann MA, Crespo M, López-Aldeguer J, et al. Comparison of the prognostic value of liver biopsy and FIB-4 index in patients coinfected with HIV and hepatitis C virus. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;60(6):950-8. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciu939
30. Dolmazashvili E, Karchava M, Abutidze A, Sharvadze L, Tsertsvadze T. Comparative study of FIB-4 index and transient elastography among patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection in Georgia. Georgian Med News. 2017;(264):81-6.
31. Bonnard P, Elsharkawy A, Zalata K, Delarocque-Astagneau E, Biard L, Le Fouler L, et al. Comparison of liver biopsy and noninvasive techniques for liver fibrosis assessment in patients infected with HCV-genotype 4 in Egypt. J Viral Hepat. 2015;22(3):245-53. doi: 10.1111/jvh.12285
32. Taneja S, Tohra S, Duseja A, Dhiman RK, Chawla YK. Noninvasive Assessment of Liver Fibrosis by Transient Elastography and FIB4/APRI for Prediction of Treatment Response in Chronic Hepatitis C-An Experience from a Tertiary Care Hospital. J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2016;6(4):282-90. doi: 10.1016/j.jceh.2016.08.001
Авторы
И.В. Маев, Е.И. Кузнецова, Д.Н. Андреев, Д.Т. Дичева
ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И. Евдокимова» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия
Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И. Евдокимова» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия
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Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
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