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Гиперпролактинемия в период постменопаузы: версии и контраверсии
Гиперпролактинемия в период постменопаузы: версии и контраверсии
Лещенко О.Я. Гиперпролактинемия в период постменопаузы: версии и контраверсии. Терапевтический архив. 2021; 93 (10): 1234–1239. DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2021.10.201073
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Аннотация
Распространенность гиперпролактинемии (ГПРЛ) у женщин в постменопаузе неизвестна и многими исследованиями оценивается как нечастая. Пролактиномы, обнаруженные после менопаузы, обычно являются макроаденомами и долгое время остаются нераспознанными из-за нетипичных клинических признаков или их отсутствия. Потенциал роста пролактином сохраняется после менопаузы, большинство из них инвазивны и сопровождаются высоким уровнем пролактина. Лечение агонистами дофамина обычно длительное, его целями являются уменьшение размеров опухоли, нормализация уровня пролактина, а соответственно, и негативных влияний ГПРЛ. Терапия каберголином позволяет достичь ремиссии заболевания в первые годы после отмены, однако через 5 лет после отмены препарата доля рецидивов увеличивается. В постменопаузе ремиссия пролактином неочевидна. Современный менеджмент пациентов с пролактиномой и/или ГПРЛ в период постменопаузы не имеет четких позиций. Дискуссионные вопросы: неоднозначная связь между уровнем пролактина и раком молочной железы, нет убедительных выводов по улучшению минеральной плотности костной ткани и/или снижению риска переломов при нормализации уровня пролактина, отсутствуют данные о метаболических параметрах после окончания лечения агонистами дофамина, противоречивы сведения, касающиеся уровней пролактина и выраженности многообразных проявлений климактерического синдрома. Применение эстроген-гестагенных препаратов у женщин с ГПРЛ/пролактиномами гипофиза также недостаточно изучено. Таким образом, проблема ГПРЛ в перименопаузальном и постменопаузальном периодах недооценена и нуждается в дополнительных исследованиях, как и разработка диагностических и терапевтических стратегий для потенциальной пользы в отношении потери веса, улучшения чувствительности к инсулину, снижения риска переломов, поддержания сексуальности и психоэмоционального благополучия.
Ключевые слова: гиперпролактинемия, пролактинома, постменопаузальный период, климакс
Keywords: hyperprolactinemia, prolactinoma, postmenopausal period, climacteric
Ключевые слова: гиперпролактинемия, пролактинома, постменопаузальный период, климакс
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Keywords: hyperprolactinemia, prolactinoma, postmenopausal period, climacteric
Полный текст
Список литературы
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2. Melmed S, Casanueva F, Hoffman A. Diagnosis and treatment of hyperprolactinemia: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96:273-88. DOI:10.1210/jc.2010-1692
3. Casanueva F, Molitch M, Schlechte J. Guidelines of the Pituitary Society for the diagnosis and management of prolactinomas. Clin Endocrinol. 2006;65:265-73. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2006.02562.x
4. Melnichenko GA, Dzeranova LK, Pigarova EA, et al. The data of national medical interview on hyperprolactinemia treatment in real clinical practice. Ozhireniye i metabolizm. 2016;13(2):14-9 (in Russian). DOI:10.14341/omet2016214-19
5. Ji L, Yi N, Zhang Q, et al. Management of prolactinoma: a survey of endocrinologists in China. Endocr Connect. 2018;7(10):1013-9. DOI:10.1530/EC-18-0250
6. Beshyah S, Sherif I, Chentli F, et al. Management of prolactinomas: a survey of physicians from the Middle East and North Africa. Pituitary. 2017;20(2):231-40. DOI:10.1007/s11102-016-0767-5
7. Vilar L, Naves LA, Casulari LA, Azevedo MF. Management of prolactinomas in Brazil: an electronic survey. Pituitary. 2010;13(3):199-206. DOI:10.1007/s11102-010-0217-8
8. Tanner MJ, Hadlow NC, Wardrop R. Variation of female prolactin levels with menopausal status and phase of menstrual cycle. Obstet Gynaecol. 2011;51(4):321-4. DOI:10.1111/j.1479-828X.2011.01321.x
9. Pekić S, Medic Stojanoska M, Popovic V. Hyperprolactinemia/Prolactinomas in the Postmenopausal Period: Challenges in Diagnosis and Management. Neuroendocrinology. 2019;109:28-33. DOI:10.1159/000494725
10. Maiter D, Delgrange E. The challenges in managing giant prolactinomas. Eur J Endocrinol. 2014;170:R213-27.
11. Delgrange E, Raverot G, Bex M, et al. Giant prolactinomas in women. Eur J Endocrinol. 2013;170(1):31-8. DOI:10.1530/EJE-13-0503
12. Green A, Sherlock M, Stewart P, et al. Extensive experience in the management of macroprolactinomas. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2014;81(1):85-92. DOI:10.1111/cen.12418
13. Mel'nichenko GA, Dzeranova LK, Barmina II, et al. Gender-specific features of hyperprolactinemia syndrome. Problemy endokrinologii. 2009;55(6):26-31 (in Russian). DOI:10.14341/probl200955626-31
14. Deepak D, Daousi C, Javadpour M, MacFarlane IA. Macroprolactinomas and epilepsy. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2007;66(4):503-7. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2007.02759.x
15. Sarwar K, Huda M, Van de Velde V, et al. The prevalence and natural history of pituitary hemorrhage in prolactinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013;98(6):2362-7. DOI:10.1210/jc.2013-1249
16. Shibli-Rahhal A, Schlechte J. The effects of hyperprolactinemia on bone and fat. Pituitary. 2009;12(2):96-104. DOI:10.1007/s11102-008-0097-3
17. Smetnik VP, Osipova AA. Hyperprolactinemia: bone response and the effectiveness of cabergoline therapy. Problemy reproduktsii. 2000;6:24-9 (in Russian).
18. Mazziotti G, Mancini T, Mormando M, et al. High prevalence of radiological vertebral fractures in women with prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas. Pituitary. 2011;14(4):299-306. DOI:10.1007/s11102-011-0293-4
19. Seriwatanachai D, Krishnamra N, van Leeuwen JP. Evidence for direct effects of prolactin on human osteoblasts: inhibition of cell growth and mineralization. J Cell Biochem. 2009;107(4):677-85. DOI:10.1002/jcb.22161
20. Faje AT, Klibanski A. The treatment of hyperprolactinemia in postmenopausal women with prolactin-secreting microadenomas: cons. Endocrine. 2015;48(1):79-82. DOI:10.1007/s12020-014-0308-9
21. Dzeranova LK, Pigarova EA, Vasilyeva TO, et al. Hyperprolactinemia in a patient with advanced breast cancer: a clinical case. Opukholi zhenskoy reproduktivnoy sistemy. 2012;2:30-4 (in Russian).
22. Soto-Pedre E, Newey P, Bevan J, Leese G. Morbidity and mortality in patients with hyperprolactinaemia: the PROLEARS study. Endocr Connect. 2017;6(8):580-8. DOI:10.1530/EC-17-0171
23. Goffin V, Touraine P. The prolactin receptor as a therapeutic target in human diseases: browsing new potential indications. Expert Opin Ther Targets.2015;19(9):1229-44. DOI:10.1517/14728222.2015.1053209
24. Wang M, Wu X, Chai F, et al. Plasma prolactin and breast cancer risk: a meta- analysis. Sci Rep. 2016;6:25998. DOI:10.1038/srep25998
25. Medic Stojanoska M, Mitic G, Mitic I, et al. The influence of hyperprolactinemia on coagulation parameters in females with prolactinomas. Srp Arch Celok Lek. 2014;142:314-9.
26. Matsuda M, Mori T, Sassa S, et al. Chronic effect of hyperprolactinemia on blood glucose and lipid levels in mice. Life Sci. 1996;58:1171-7. DOI:10.1016/0024-3205(96)00075-6
27. Greenman Y, Tordjman K, Stern N. Increased body weight associated with prolactin secreting pituitary adenomas: weight loss with normalization of prolactin levels. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1998;48(5):547-53. DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2265.1998.00403.x
28. Doknic M, Pekic S, Zarkovic M, et al. Dopaminergic tone and obesity: an insight from prolactinomas treated with bromocriptine. Eur J Endocrinol. 2002;147(1):77-84. DOI:10.1530/eje.0.1470077
29. Andersen M, Glintborg D. Metabolic syndrome in hyperprolactinemia. Front Horm Res. 2018;49:29-47. DOI:10.1159/000486000
30. Popovic V, Korbonits M. Metabolic Syndrome Consequent to Endocrine Disorders. Front Horm Res. 2018;49:29-47. DOI:10.1159/000486000
31. Iacovazzo D, De Marinis L. Treatment of hyperprolactinemia in post-menopausal women: pros. Endocrine. 2015;48(1):76-8. DOI:10.1007/s12020-014-0377-9
32. Leshchenko O, Zhukovets I, Atalyan A. Risk of obesity in adult women with hypothalamic dysfunction in puberty. Observational prospective study. Endocrine Reviews. 2017;38(S3):552.
33. Zhukovets IV, Leshchenko OYa, Atalyan AV. Diagnostic markers of primary infertility in women of reproductive age with hypothalamic dysfunction in the pubertal period. Int J Biomed. 2017;7(3):213-7. DOI:10.21103/Article7(3)_OA10
34. Rychkova LV, Ayurova ZhG, Pogodina AV. Obesity and associated risk factors in adolescents living in rural areas of the Republic of Buryatia. Ozhireniye i metabolizm. 2018;15(3):42-8 (in Russian). DOI:10.14341/omet9532
35. Schmid C, Goede D, Hauser R, Brandle M. Increased prevalence of high Body Mass Index in patients presenting with pituitary tumours: severe obesity in patients with macroprolactinoma. Swiss Med Wkly. 2006;136:254-8.
36. Zhukovets IV, Leshchenko OYu, Atalyan AV, Podoshvelev DR. The main hormonal and metabolic mechanisms of hypothalamic dysfunction in adolescent girls. Voprosy prakticheskoi pediatrii. 2017;12(5):12-7 (in Russian). DOI:10.20953/1817-7646-2017-5-12-17
37. Mingrone G, Manco M, Iaconelli A, et al. Prolactin and Insulin Ultradian Secretion and Adipose Tissue Lipoprotein lipase Expression in Severely Obese Women After Bariatric Surgery. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2008;16(8):1831-7. DOI:10.1038/oby.2008.297
38. Kok P, Roelfsema F, Frölich M, et al. Activation of Dopamine D2 Receptors Lowers Circadian Leptin Concentrations in Obese Women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;81(8):3236-40. DOI:10.1210/jc.2005-2529
39. Ben-Jonathan N, LaPensee ChR, LaPensee EW. What Can We Learn from Rodents about Prolactin in Humans? Endocrine Reviews. 2008;29(1):1-41. DOI:10.1210/er.2007-0017
40. Shishkova VN. Obesity and hyperprolactinemia. Consilium Medicum. 2010;12(12):3-6 (in Russian).
41. Oliveira MC, Pizarro CB, Golbert L, Micheletto C. Hyperprolactinemia and psychological disturbance. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2000;58(3A):671-6.
DOI:10.1590/s0004-282x2000000400012
42. Leshchenko O. Vaginal estriol and injections of autoplasma reduce the symptoms of vulvovaginal atrophy. Maturitas. 2019;124:152. DOI:10.1016/j.maturitas.2019.04.120
43. Wierman ME, Nappi RE, Avis N, et al. Endocrine aspects of women’s sexual function. J Sex Med. 2010;7(1 Pt. 2):561-85. DOI:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01629.x
44. Berdina ON, Madaeva IM, Rychkova LV. Obesity and disturbances in circadian rhythms of sleep and wakefulness: points of contact and prospects for therapy. Acta Biomedica Scientifica. 2020;5(1):21-30 (in Russian). DOI:10.29413/ABS.2020-5.1.3
45. Madaeva I, Semenova N, Zhambalova RM, et al. Polysomnographic pattern of melatonin therapy in perimenopausal women. Int J Biomed. 2020;10(2):161-4. DOI:10.21103/Article10(2)_OA15
46. Scoccia B, Schneider A, Marut E, Scommegna A. Pathological Hyperprolactinemia Suppresses Hot Flashes in Menopausal Women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1988;66(4):868-71. DOI:10.1210/jcem-66-4-868
47. Metka M, Holzer G, Raimann H, et al. The role of prolactin in the menopause. Clin Trial Maturitas. 1994;20(2-3):151-4. DOI:10.1016/0378-5122(94)90011-6
48. Abech D, Moratelli H, Sérgio C, et al. Effects of estrogen replacement therapy on pituitary size, prolactin and thyroid-stimulating hormone concentrations in menopausal women. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2005;21(4):223-6. DOI:10.1080/09513590500279717
49. Watanabe S, Akutsu H, Takano S, et al. Long-term results of cabergoline therapy for macroprolactinomas and analyses of factors associated with remission after withdrawal. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2017;86(2):207-13. DOI:10,1111/с.13240
50. Santharam S, Fountas A, Tampourlou M, et al. Impact of menopause on outcomes in prolactinomas after dopamine agonist treatment withdrawal. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2018;89(3):346-53. DOI:10.1111/cen.13765
51. Paepegaey A, Salenave S, Kamenicky P, et al. Cabergoline tapering is almost always successful in patients with macroprolactinomas. J Endocr Soc. 2017;1(3):221-30. DOI:10.1210/js.2017-00038
52. Dekkers O, Lagro J, Burman P, et al. Recurrence of hyperprolactinemia after withdrawal of dopamine agonists: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010;95(1):43-51. DOI:10.1210/jc.2009-1238
53. Inancli S, Uluogullari A, Ustu Y Effect of cabergoline in insulin sensitivity, inflammation and carotid intima media thickness In patients with prolactinoma. Endocrine. 2012;44:193-9. DOI:10.1007/s12020-012-9857-y
54. Karunakaran S, Page RCL, Wass JAH. The effect of the menopause on prolactin levels in patients with hyperprolactinaemia. Clin Endocrinol. 2001;3:295-300. DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2265.2001.01190.x
2. Melmed S, Casanueva F, Hoffman A. Diagnosis and treatment of hyperprolactinemia: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96:273-88. DOI:10.1210/jc.2010-1692
3. Casanueva F, Molitch M, Schlechte J. Guidelines of the Pituitary Society for the diagnosis and management of prolactinomas. Clin Endocrinol. 2006;65:265-73. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2006.02562.x
4. Мельниченко Г.А., Дзеранова Л.К., Пигарова Е.А., и др. Национальный опрос по лечению гиперпролактинемии в условиях реальной клинической практики. Ожирение и метаболизм. 2016;13(2):14-9 [Melnichenko GA, Dzeranova LK, Pigarova EA, et al. The data of national medical interview on hyperprolactinemia treatment in real clinical practice. Ozhireniye i metabolizm. 2016;13(2):14-9 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.14341/omet2016214-19
5. Ji L, Yi N, Zhang Q, et al. Management of prolactinoma: a survey of endocrinologists in China. Endocr Connect. 2018;7(10):1013-9. DOI:10.1530/EC-18-0250
6. Beshyah S, Sherif I, Chentli F, et al. Management of prolactinomas: a survey of physicians from the Middle East and North Africa. Pituitary. 2017;20(2):231-40. DOI:10.1007/s11102-016-0767-5
7. Vilar L, Naves LA, Casulari LA, Azevedo MF. Management of prolactinomas in Brazil: an electronic survey. Pituitary. 2010;13(3):199-206. DOI:10.1007/s11102-010-0217-8
8. Tanner MJ, Hadlow NC, Wardrop R. Variation of female prolactin levels with menopausal status and phase of menstrual cycle. Obstet Gynaecol. 2011;51(4):321-4. DOI:10.1111/j.1479-828X.2011.01321.x
9. Pekić S, Medic Stojanoska M, Popovic V. Hyperprolactinemia/Prolactinomas in the Postmenopausal Period: Challenges in Diagnosis and Management. Neuroendocrinology. 2019;109:28-33. DOI:10.1159/000494725
10. Maiter D, Delgrange E. The challenges in managing giant prolactinomas. Eur J Endocrinol. 2014;170:R213-27.
11. Delgrange E, Raverot G, Bex M, et al. Giant prolactinomas in women. Eur J Endocrinol. 2013;170(1):31-8. DOI:10.1530/EJE-13-0503
12. Green A, Sherlock M, Stewart P, et al. Extensive experience in the management of macroprolactinomas. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2014;81(1):85-92. DOI:10.1111/cen.12418
13. Мельниченко Г.А., Дзеранова Л.К., Бармина И.И., и др. Гендерные особенности гиперпролактинемического синдрома. Проблемы эндокринологии. 2009;55(6):26-31 [Mel'nichenko GA, Dzeranova LK, Barmina II, et al. Gender-specific features of hyperprolactinemia syndrome. Problemy endokrinologii. 2009;55(6):26-31 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.14341/probl200955626-31
14. Deepak D, Daousi C, Javadpour M, MacFarlane IA. Macroprolactinomas and epilepsy. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2007;66(4):503-7. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2007.02759.x
15. Sarwar K, Huda M, Van de Velde V, et al. The prevalence and natural history of pituitary hemorrhage in prolactinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013;98(6):2362-7. DOI:10.1210/jc.2013-1249
16. Shibli-Rahhal A, Schlechte J. The effects of hyperprolactinemia on bone and fat. Pituitary. 2009;12(2):96-104. DOI:10.1007/s11102-008-0097-3
17. Сметник В.П., Осипова А.А. Гиперпролактинемия: реакция костной ткани и эффективность терапии каберголином. Проблемы репродукции. 2000;6:24-9 [Smetnik VP, Osipova AA. Hyperprolactinemia: bone response and the effectiveness of cabergoline therapy. Problemy reproduktsii. 2000;6:24-9 (in Russian)].
18. Mazziotti G, Mancini T, Mormando M, et al. High prevalence of radiological vertebral fractures in women with prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas. Pituitary. 2011;14(4):299-306. DOI:10.1007/s11102-011-0293-4
19. Seriwatanachai D, Krishnamra N, van Leeuwen JP. Evidence for direct effects of prolactin on human osteoblasts: inhibition of cell growth and mineralization. J Cell Biochem. 2009;107(4):677-85. DOI:10.1002/jcb.22161
20. Faje AT, Klibanski A. The treatment of hyperprolactinemia in postmenopausal women with prolactin-secreting microadenomas: cons. Endocrine. 2015;48(1):79-82. DOI:10.1007/s12020-014-0308-9
21. Дзеранова Л.К., Пигарова Е.А., Васильева Т.О., и др. Гиперпролактинемия у пациентки с распространенным раком молочной железы: клинический случай. Опухоли женской репродуктивной системы. 2012;2:30-4 [Dzeranova LK, Pigarova EA, Vasilyeva TO, et al. Hyperprolactinemia in a patient with advanced breast cancer: a clinical case. Opukholi zhenskoy reproduktivnoy sistemy. 2012;2:30-4 (in Russian)].
22. Soto-Pedre E, Newey P, Bevan J, Leese G. Morbidity and mortality in patients with hyperprolactinaemia: the PROLEARS study. Endocr Connect. 2017;6(8):580-8. DOI:10.1530/EC-17-0171
23. Goffin V, Touraine P. The prolactin receptor as a therapeutic target in human diseases: browsing new potential indications. Expert Opin Ther Targets.2015;19(9):1229-44. DOI:10.1517/14728222.2015.1053209
24. Wang M, Wu X, Chai F, et al. Plasma prolactin and breast cancer risk: a meta- analysis. Sci Rep. 2016;6:25998. DOI:10.1038/srep25998
25. Medic Stojanoska M, Mitic G, Mitic I, et al. The influence of hyperprolactinemia on coagulation parameters in females with prolactinomas. Srp Arch Celok Lek. 2014;142:314-9.
26. Matsuda M, Mori T, Sassa S, et al. Chronic effect of hyperprolactinemia on blood glucose and lipid levels in mice. Life Sci. 1996;58:1171-7. DOI:10.1016/0024-3205(96)00075-6
27. Greenman Y, Tordjman K, Stern N. Increased body weight associated with prolactin secreting pituitary adenomas: weight loss with normalization of prolactin levels. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1998;48(5):547-53. DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2265.1998.00403.x
28. Doknic M, Pekic S, Zarkovic M, et al. Dopaminergic tone and obesity: an insight from prolactinomas treated with bromocriptine. Eur J Endocrinol. 2002;147(1):77-84. DOI:10.1530/eje.0.1470077
29. Andersen M, Glintborg D. Metabolic syndrome in hyperprolactinemia. Front Horm Res. 2018;49:29-47. DOI:10.1159/000486000
30. Popovic V, Korbonits M. Metabolic Syndrome Consequent to Endocrine Disorders. Front Horm Res. 2018;49:29-47. DOI:10.1159/000486000
31. Iacovazzo D, De Marinis L. Treatment of hyperprolactinemia in post-menopausal women: pros. Endocrine. 2015;48(1):76-8. DOI:10.1007/s12020-014-0377-9
32. Leshchenko O, Zhukovets I, Atalyan A. Risk of obesity in adult women with hypothalamic dysfunction in puberty. Observational prospective study. Endocrine Reviews. 2017;38(S3):552.
33. Zhukovets IV, Leshchenko OYa, Atalyan AV. Diagnostic markers of primary infertility in women of reproductive age with hypothalamic dysfunction in the pubertal period. Int J Biomed. 2017;7(3):213-7. DOI:10.21103/Article7(3)_OA10
34. Рычкова Л.В., Аюрова Ж.Г., Погодина А.В. Ожирение и ассоциированные с ним факторы риска у подростков, проживающих в сельских районах Республики Бурятия. Ожирение и метаболизм. 2018;15(3):42-8 [Rychkova LV, Ayurova ZhG, Pogodina AV. Obesity and associated risk factors in adolescents living in rural areas of the Republic of Buryatia. Ozhireniye i metabolizm. 2018;15(3):42-8 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.14341/omet9532
35. Schmid C, Goede D, Hauser R, Brandle M. Increased prevalence of high Body Mass Index in patients presenting with pituitary tumours: severe obesity in patients with macroprolactinoma. Swiss Med Wkly. 2006;136:254-8.
36. Жуковец И.В., Лещенко О.Я., Аталян А.В., Подошвелев Д.Р. Основные гормональные и метаболические механизмы гипоталамической дисфункции у девочек-подростков. Вопросы практической педиатрии. 2017;12(5):12-7 [Zhukovets IV, Leshchenko OYu, Atalyan AV, Podoshvelev DR. The main hormonal and metabolic mechanisms of hypothalamic dysfunction in adolescent girls. Voprosy prakticheskoi pediatrii. 2017;12(5):12-7 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.20953/1817-7646-2017-5-12-17
37. Mingrone G, Manco M, Iaconelli A, et al. Prolactin and Insulin Ultradian Secretion and Adipose Tissue Lipoprotein lipase Expression in Severely Obese Women After Bariatric Surgery. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2008;16(8):1831-7. DOI:10.1038/oby.2008.297
38. Kok P, Roelfsema F, Frölich M, et al. Activation of Dopamine D2 Receptors Lowers Circadian Leptin Concentrations in Obese Women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;81(8):3236-40. DOI:10.1210/jc.2005-2529
39. Ben-Jonathan N, LaPensee ChR, LaPensee EW. What Can We Learn from Rodents about Prolactin in Humans? Endocrine Reviews. 2008;29(1):1-41. DOI:10.1210/er.2007-0017
40. Шишкова В.Н. Ожирение и гиперпролактинемия. Consilium Medicum. 2010;12(12):3-6 [Shishkova VN. Obesity and hyperprolactinemia. Consilium Medicum. 2010;12(12):3-6 (in Russian)].
41. Oliveira MC, Pizarro CB, Golbert L, Micheletto C. Hyperprolactinemia and psychological disturbance. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2000;58(3A):671-6.
DOI:10.1590/s0004-282x2000000400012
42. Leshchenko O. Vaginal estriol and injections of autoplasma reduce the symptoms of vulvovaginal atrophy. Maturitas. 2019;124:152. DOI:10.1016/j.maturitas.2019.04.120
43. Wierman ME, Nappi RE, Avis N, et al. Endocrine aspects of women’s sexual function. J Sex Med. 2010;7(1 Pt. 2):561-85. DOI:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01629.x
44. Бердина О.Н., Мадаева И.М., Рычкова Л.В. Ожирение и нарушения циркадных ритмов сна и бодрствования: точки соприкосновения и перспективы терапии. Acta Biomedica Scientifica. 2020;5(1):21-30 [Berdina ON, Madaeva IM, Rychkova LV. Obesity and disturbances in circadian rhythms of sleep and wakefulness: points of contact and prospects for therapy. Acta Biomedica Scientifica. 2020;5(1):21-30 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.29413/ABS.2020-5.1.3
45. Madaeva I, Semenova N, Zhambalova RM, et al. Polysomnographic pattern of melatonin therapy in perimenopausal women. Int J Biomed. 2020;10(2):161-4. DOI:10.21103/Article10(2)_OA15
46. Scoccia B, Schneider A, Marut E, Scommegna A. Pathological Hyperprolactinemia Suppresses Hot Flashes in Menopausal Women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1988;66(4):868-71. DOI:10.1210/jcem-66-4-868
47. Metka M, Holzer G, Raimann H, et al. The role of prolactin in the menopause. Clin Trial Maturitas. 1994;20(2-3):151-4. DOI:10.1016/0378-5122(94)90011-6
48. Abech D, Moratelli H, Sérgio C, et al. Effects of estrogen replacement therapy on pituitary size, prolactin and thyroid-stimulating hormone concentrations in menopausal women. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2005;21(4):223-6. DOI:10.1080/09513590500279717
49. Watanabe S, Akutsu H, Takano S, et al. Long-term results of cabergoline therapy for macroprolactinomas and analyses of factors associated with remission after withdrawal. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2017;86(2):207-13. DOI:10,1111/с.13240
50. Santharam S, Fountas A, Tampourlou M, et al. Impact of menopause on outcomes in prolactinomas after dopamine agonist treatment withdrawal. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2018;89(3):346-53. DOI:10.1111/cen.13765
51. Paepegaey A, Salenave S, Kamenicky P, et al. Cabergoline tapering is almost always successful in patients with macroprolactinomas. J Endocr Soc. 2017;1(3):221-30. DOI:10.1210/js.2017-00038
52. Dekkers O, Lagro J, Burman P, et al. Recurrence of hyperprolactinemia after withdrawal of dopamine agonists: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010;95(1):43-51. DOI:10.1210/jc.2009-1238
53. Inancli S, Uluogullari A, Ustu Y Effect of cabergoline in insulin sensitivity, inflammation and carotid intima media thickness In patients with prolactinoma. Endocrine. 2012;44:193-9. DOI:10.1007/s12020-012-9857-y
54. Karunakaran S, Page RCL, Wass JAH. The effect of the menopause on prolactin levels in patients with hyperprolactinaemia. Clin Endocrinol. 2001;3:295-300. DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2265.2001.01190.x
________________________________________________
2. Melmed S, Casanueva F, Hoffman A. Diagnosis and treatment of hyperprolactinemia: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96:273-88. DOI:10.1210/jc.2010-1692
3. Casanueva F, Molitch M, Schlechte J. Guidelines of the Pituitary Society for the diagnosis and management of prolactinomas. Clin Endocrinol. 2006;65:265-73. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2006.02562.x
4. Melnichenko GA, Dzeranova LK, Pigarova EA, et al. The data of national medical interview on hyperprolactinemia treatment in real clinical practice. Ozhireniye i metabolizm. 2016;13(2):14-9 (in Russian). DOI:10.14341/omet2016214-19
5. Ji L, Yi N, Zhang Q, et al. Management of prolactinoma: a survey of endocrinologists in China. Endocr Connect. 2018;7(10):1013-9. DOI:10.1530/EC-18-0250
6. Beshyah S, Sherif I, Chentli F, et al. Management of prolactinomas: a survey of physicians from the Middle East and North Africa. Pituitary. 2017;20(2):231-40. DOI:10.1007/s11102-016-0767-5
7. Vilar L, Naves LA, Casulari LA, Azevedo MF. Management of prolactinomas in Brazil: an electronic survey. Pituitary. 2010;13(3):199-206. DOI:10.1007/s11102-010-0217-8
8. Tanner MJ, Hadlow NC, Wardrop R. Variation of female prolactin levels with menopausal status and phase of menstrual cycle. Obstet Gynaecol. 2011;51(4):321-4. DOI:10.1111/j.1479-828X.2011.01321.x
9. Pekić S, Medic Stojanoska M, Popovic V. Hyperprolactinemia/Prolactinomas in the Postmenopausal Period: Challenges in Diagnosis and Management. Neuroendocrinology. 2019;109:28-33. DOI:10.1159/000494725
10. Maiter D, Delgrange E. The challenges in managing giant prolactinomas. Eur J Endocrinol. 2014;170:R213-27.
11. Delgrange E, Raverot G, Bex M, et al. Giant prolactinomas in women. Eur J Endocrinol. 2013;170(1):31-8. DOI:10.1530/EJE-13-0503
12. Green A, Sherlock M, Stewart P, et al. Extensive experience in the management of macroprolactinomas. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2014;81(1):85-92. DOI:10.1111/cen.12418
13. Mel'nichenko GA, Dzeranova LK, Barmina II, et al. Gender-specific features of hyperprolactinemia syndrome. Problemy endokrinologii. 2009;55(6):26-31 (in Russian). DOI:10.14341/probl200955626-31
14. Deepak D, Daousi C, Javadpour M, MacFarlane IA. Macroprolactinomas and epilepsy. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2007;66(4):503-7. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2007.02759.x
15. Sarwar K, Huda M, Van de Velde V, et al. The prevalence and natural history of pituitary hemorrhage in prolactinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013;98(6):2362-7. DOI:10.1210/jc.2013-1249
16. Shibli-Rahhal A, Schlechte J. The effects of hyperprolactinemia on bone and fat. Pituitary. 2009;12(2):96-104. DOI:10.1007/s11102-008-0097-3
17. Smetnik VP, Osipova AA. Hyperprolactinemia: bone response and the effectiveness of cabergoline therapy. Problemy reproduktsii. 2000;6:24-9 (in Russian).
18. Mazziotti G, Mancini T, Mormando M, et al. High prevalence of radiological vertebral fractures in women with prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas. Pituitary. 2011;14(4):299-306. DOI:10.1007/s11102-011-0293-4
19. Seriwatanachai D, Krishnamra N, van Leeuwen JP. Evidence for direct effects of prolactin on human osteoblasts: inhibition of cell growth and mineralization. J Cell Biochem. 2009;107(4):677-85. DOI:10.1002/jcb.22161
20. Faje AT, Klibanski A. The treatment of hyperprolactinemia in postmenopausal women with prolactin-secreting microadenomas: cons. Endocrine. 2015;48(1):79-82. DOI:10.1007/s12020-014-0308-9
21. Dzeranova LK, Pigarova EA, Vasilyeva TO, et al. Hyperprolactinemia in a patient with advanced breast cancer: a clinical case. Opukholi zhenskoy reproduktivnoy sistemy. 2012;2:30-4 (in Russian).
22. Soto-Pedre E, Newey P, Bevan J, Leese G. Morbidity and mortality in patients with hyperprolactinaemia: the PROLEARS study. Endocr Connect. 2017;6(8):580-8. DOI:10.1530/EC-17-0171
23. Goffin V, Touraine P. The prolactin receptor as a therapeutic target in human diseases: browsing new potential indications. Expert Opin Ther Targets.2015;19(9):1229-44. DOI:10.1517/14728222.2015.1053209
24. Wang M, Wu X, Chai F, et al. Plasma prolactin and breast cancer risk: a meta- analysis. Sci Rep. 2016;6:25998. DOI:10.1038/srep25998
25. Medic Stojanoska M, Mitic G, Mitic I, et al. The influence of hyperprolactinemia on coagulation parameters in females with prolactinomas. Srp Arch Celok Lek. 2014;142:314-9.
26. Matsuda M, Mori T, Sassa S, et al. Chronic effect of hyperprolactinemia on blood glucose and lipid levels in mice. Life Sci. 1996;58:1171-7. DOI:10.1016/0024-3205(96)00075-6
27. Greenman Y, Tordjman K, Stern N. Increased body weight associated with prolactin secreting pituitary adenomas: weight loss with normalization of prolactin levels. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1998;48(5):547-53. DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2265.1998.00403.x
28. Doknic M, Pekic S, Zarkovic M, et al. Dopaminergic tone and obesity: an insight from prolactinomas treated with bromocriptine. Eur J Endocrinol. 2002;147(1):77-84. DOI:10.1530/eje.0.1470077
29. Andersen M, Glintborg D. Metabolic syndrome in hyperprolactinemia. Front Horm Res. 2018;49:29-47. DOI:10.1159/000486000
30. Popovic V, Korbonits M. Metabolic Syndrome Consequent to Endocrine Disorders. Front Horm Res. 2018;49:29-47. DOI:10.1159/000486000
31. Iacovazzo D, De Marinis L. Treatment of hyperprolactinemia in post-menopausal women: pros. Endocrine. 2015;48(1):76-8. DOI:10.1007/s12020-014-0377-9
32. Leshchenko O, Zhukovets I, Atalyan A. Risk of obesity in adult women with hypothalamic dysfunction in puberty. Observational prospective study. Endocrine Reviews. 2017;38(S3):552.
33. Zhukovets IV, Leshchenko OYa, Atalyan AV. Diagnostic markers of primary infertility in women of reproductive age with hypothalamic dysfunction in the pubertal period. Int J Biomed. 2017;7(3):213-7. DOI:10.21103/Article7(3)_OA10
34. Rychkova LV, Ayurova ZhG, Pogodina AV. Obesity and associated risk factors in adolescents living in rural areas of the Republic of Buryatia. Ozhireniye i metabolizm. 2018;15(3):42-8 (in Russian). DOI:10.14341/omet9532
35. Schmid C, Goede D, Hauser R, Brandle M. Increased prevalence of high Body Mass Index in patients presenting with pituitary tumours: severe obesity in patients with macroprolactinoma. Swiss Med Wkly. 2006;136:254-8.
36. Zhukovets IV, Leshchenko OYu, Atalyan AV, Podoshvelev DR. The main hormonal and metabolic mechanisms of hypothalamic dysfunction in adolescent girls. Voprosy prakticheskoi pediatrii. 2017;12(5):12-7 (in Russian). DOI:10.20953/1817-7646-2017-5-12-17
37. Mingrone G, Manco M, Iaconelli A, et al. Prolactin and Insulin Ultradian Secretion and Adipose Tissue Lipoprotein lipase Expression in Severely Obese Women After Bariatric Surgery. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2008;16(8):1831-7. DOI:10.1038/oby.2008.297
38. Kok P, Roelfsema F, Frölich M, et al. Activation of Dopamine D2 Receptors Lowers Circadian Leptin Concentrations in Obese Women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;81(8):3236-40. DOI:10.1210/jc.2005-2529
39. Ben-Jonathan N, LaPensee ChR, LaPensee EW. What Can We Learn from Rodents about Prolactin in Humans? Endocrine Reviews. 2008;29(1):1-41. DOI:10.1210/er.2007-0017
40. Shishkova VN. Obesity and hyperprolactinemia. Consilium Medicum. 2010;12(12):3-6 (in Russian).
41. Oliveira MC, Pizarro CB, Golbert L, Micheletto C. Hyperprolactinemia and psychological disturbance. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2000;58(3A):671-6.
DOI:10.1590/s0004-282x2000000400012
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Авторы
О.Я. Лещенко*
ФГБНУ «Научный центр проблем здоровья семьи и репродукции человека», Иркутск, Россия
*loyairk@mail.ru
Scientific Centre of Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems, Irkutsk, Russia
*loyairk@mail.ru
ФГБНУ «Научный центр проблем здоровья семьи и репродукции человека», Иркутск, Россия
*loyairk@mail.ru
________________________________________________
Scientific Centre of Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems, Irkutsk, Russia
*loyairk@mail.ru
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