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Заболевания печени на фоне суммирующих патологических факторов при коронавирусной инфекции - Журнал Терапевтический архив №11 Инфекционные болезни 2022
Заболевания печени на фоне суммирующих патологических факторов при коронавирусной инфекции
Маев И.В., Осадчук М.А. Заболевания печени на фоне суммирующих патологических факторов при коронавирусной инфекции. Терапевтический архив. 2022;94(11):1326–1332.
DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2022.11.201934
© ООО «КОНСИЛИУМ МЕДИКУМ», 2022 г.
DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2022.11.201934
DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2022.11.201934
© ООО «КОНСИЛИУМ МЕДИКУМ», 2022 г.
________________________________________________
DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2022.11.201934
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Аннотация
Печеночные последствия инфекции SARS-CoV-2 в настоящее время признаны важным компонентом CoronaVIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19 – коронавирусная инфекция 2019 г.). Этот аспект наиболее клинически актуален у пациентов с уже существующими хроническими заболеваниями печени (ХЗП), которые подвергаются чрезвычайно высокому риску тяжелого COVID-19 и смерти. Факторами риска тяжелого течения ХЗП, особенно у лиц с циррозом печени и неалкогольной жировой болезнью печени, выступают прямое и опосредованное цитотоксическое действие коронавируса на фоне системного воспаления, нарушения свертываемости крови и иммунной дисфункции. Серьезное негативное воздействие пандемии при наличии ХЗП и трудности взаимоотношения с пациентами способствуют прогрессирующему увеличению глобального бремени заболеваний печени на систему здравоохранения.
Ключевые слова: инфекция SARS-CoV-2, хронические заболевания печени, цирроз печени, факторы риска, постковидные медицинские и социальные последствия
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2 infection, chronic liver disease, liver cirrhosis, risk factors, post-COVID medical and social consequences
Ключевые слова: инфекция SARS-CoV-2, хронические заболевания печени, цирроз печени, факторы риска, постковидные медицинские и социальные последствия
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Keywords: SARS-CoV-2 infection, chronic liver disease, liver cirrhosis, risk factors, post-COVID medical and social consequences
Полный текст
Список литературы
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DOI:10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30076-X
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24. Zhang C, Shi L, Wang FS. Liver injury in COVID-19: management and challenges. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;5(5):428-30. DOI:10.1016/S2468-1253(20)30057-1
25. YueHua H, ZhiLiang G. Study of the relationship SARS and hepatitis virus B. J Clin Hepatol. 2003;19(6):342-3. Available at: http://www.lcgdbzz.org/en/article/id/LCGD200306010. Accessed: 24.01.2022.
26. Chai X, Hu L, Zhang Y, et al. Specific ACE2 Expression in Cholangiocytes May Cause Liver Damage After 2019-nCoV Infectio. bioRxiV. Published online 2020. DOI:10.1101/2020.02.03.931766
27. Lippi G, de Oliveira MHS, Henry BM. Chronic liver disease is not associated with severity or mortality in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a pooled analysis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;33(1):114-5. DOI:10.1097/MEG.0000000000001742
28. Huang W, Li C, Wang Z, et al. Decreased serum albumin level indicates poor prognosis of COVID-19 patients: hepatic injury analysis from 2,623 hospitalized cases. Sci China Life Sci. 2020;63(11):1678-87. DOI:10.1007/s11427-020-1733-4
29. Targher G, Mantovani A, Byrne CD, et al. Risk of severe illness from COVID-19 in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and increased fibrosis scores. Gut. 2020;69(8):1545-7. DOI:10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321611
30. Bueverov AO, Bogomolov PO. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease without obesity: the problem to be solved. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2017;89(12):226-32 (in Russian). DOI:10.17116/terarkh20178912226-232
31. Iavarone M, D’Ambrosio R, Soria A, et al. High rates of 30-day mortality in patients with cirrhosis and COVID-19. J Hepatol. 2020;73(5):1063-71. DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2020.06.001
32. Bajaj JS, Garcia-Tsao G, Biggins SW, et al. Comparison of mortality risk in patients with cirrhosis and COVID-19 compared with patients with cirrhosis alone and COVID-19 alone: multicentre matched cohort. Gut. 2021;70(3):531-6. DOI:10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322118
33. Marjot T, Moon AM, Cook JA, et al. Outcomes following SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with chronic liver disease: An international registry study. J Hepatol. 2021;74(3):567-77. DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2020.09.024
34. Wu D, Yang XO. TH17 responses in cytokine storm of COVID-19: An emerging target of JAK2 inhibitor Fedratinib. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2020;53(3):368-70. DOI:10.1016/j.jmii.2020.03.005
35. Barbara G, Wang B, Stanghellini V, et al. Mast cell-dependent excitation of visceral-nociceptive sensory neurons in irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology. 2007;132(1):26-37. DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2006.11.039
36. Polak WG, Fondevila C, Karam V, et al. Impact of COVID-19 on liver transplantation in Europe: alert from an early survey of European Liver and Intestine Transplantation Association and European Liver Transplant Registry. Transpl Int. 2020;33(10):1244-52. DOI:10.1111/tri.13680
37. Mehta V, Goel S, Kabarriti R, et al. Case Fatality Rate of Cancer Patients with COVID-19 in a New York Hospital System. Cancer Discov. 2020;10(7):935-41.
DOI:10.1158/2159-8290.CD-20-0516
38. Fix OK, Hameed B, Fontana RJ, et al. Clinical Best Practice Advice for Hepatology and Liver Transplant Providers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: AASLD Expert Panel Consensus Statement. Hepatology. 2020;72(1):287-304. DOI:10.1002/hep.31281
39. Ekpanyapong S, Bunchorntavakul C, Reddy KR. COVID-19 and the Liver: Lessons Learnt from the EAST and the WEST, A Year Later. J Viral Hepat. 2022;29(1):4-20. DOI:10.1111/jvh.13590
40. Boettler T, Marjot T, Newsome PN, et al. Impact of COVID-19 on the care of patients with liver disease: EASL-ESCMID position paper after 6 months of the pandemic. JHEP Rep. 2020;2(5):100169. DOI:10.1016/j.jhepr.2020.100169
41. Boettler T, Newsome PN, Mondelli MU, et al. Care of patients with liver disease during the COVID-19 pandemic: EASL-ESCMID position paper. JHEP Rep. 2020;2(3):100113. DOI:10.1016/j.jhepr.2020.100113
42. APASL Covid-19 Task Force, Lau G, Sharma M. Clinical practice guidance for hepatology and liver transplant providers during the COVID-19 pandemic: APASL expert panel consensus recommendations. Hepatol Int. 2020;14(4):415-28. DOI:10.1007/s12072-020-10054-w
43. Major Updates to COVID-19 Clinical Insights Document. Available at: https://www.aasld.org/sites/default/files/2020-04/COVID19-ClinicalInsightsUpdates-4162020.pdf. Accessed: 16.04.2020.
44. Bangash MN, Patel J, Parekh D. COVID-19 and the liver: little cause for concern. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;5(6):529-30. DOI:10.1016/S2468-1253(20)30084-4
45. Zuo Y, Estes SK, Ali RA, et al. Prothrombotic autoantibodies in serum from patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Sci Transl Med. 2020;12(570):eabd3876. DOI:10.1126/scitranslmed.abd3876
46. Mao R, Liang J, Shen J, et al. Implications of COVID-19 for patients with pre-existing digestive diseases. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;5(5):425-7.
DOI:10.1016/S2468-1253(20)30076-5
47. An YW, Song S, Li WX, et al. Liver function recovery of COVID-19 patients after discharge, a follow-up study. Int J Med Sci. 2021;18(1):176-86. DOI:10.7150/ijms.50691
48. Pawlotsky JM. COVID-19 and the liver-related deaths to come. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;17(9):523-5. DOI:10.1038/s41575-020-0328-2
49. Da BL, Im GY, Schiano TD. Coronavirus Disease 2019 Hangover: A Rising Tide of Alcohol Use Disorder and Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease. Hepatology. 2020;72(3):1102-8. DOI:10.1002/hep.31307
50. Cai Q, Huang D, Yu H, et al. COVID-19: Abnormal liver function tests. J Hepatol. 2020;73(3):566-74. DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2020.04.006
51. Cichoż-Lach H, Michalak A. Liver injury in the era of COVID-19. World J Gastroenterol. 2021;27(5):377-90. DOI:10.3748/wjg.v27.i5.377
52. Lembach H, Hann A, McKay SC, et al. Resuming liver transplantation amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;5(8):725-6.
DOI:10.1016/S2468-1253(20)30187-4
2. Marasco G, Lenti MV, Cremon C, et al. Implications of SARS-CoV-2 infection for neurogastroenterology. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2021;33(3):e14104. DOI:10.1111/nmo.14104
3. Albillos A, Lario M, Álvarez-Mon M. Cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction: distinctive features and clinical relevance. J Hepatol. 2014;61(6):1385-96. DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2014.08.010
4. Маев И.В., Осадчук М.М., Осадчук М.А., Миронова Е.Д. Неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени и сахарный диабет в контексте «диабетической болезни печени»: возможности ассоциированной терапии. Медицинский вестник Северного Кавказа. 2020;15(4):586-93 [Maev IV, Osadchuk MM, Osadchuk MA, Mironova ED. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and diabetes in the context of diabetic liver disease: possibilities of associated therapy. Medical News of North Caucasus. 2020;15(4):586-93 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.14300/mnnc.2020.15141
5. Wang Y, Liu S, Liu H, et al. SARS-CoV-2 infection of the liver directly contributes to hepatic impairment in patients with COVID-19. J Hepatol. 2020;73(4):807-16. DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2020.05.002
6. Francque SM, Marchesini G, Kautz A, et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A patient guideline. JHEP Rep. 2021;3(5):100322. DOI:10.1016/j.jhepr.2021.100322
7. Xu X, Chen P, Wang J, et al. Evolution of the novel coronavirus from the ongoing Wuhan outbreak and modeling of its spike protein for risk of human transmission. Sci China Life Sci. 2020;63(3):457-60. DOI:10.1007/s11427-020-1637-5
8. Loganathan S, Kuppusamy M, Wankhar W, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2): COVID 19 gate way to multiple organ failure syndromes. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2021;283:103548. DOI:10.1016/j.resp.2020.103548
9. Machhi J, Herskovitz J, Senan AM, et al. The Natural History, Pathobiology, and Clinical Manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 Infections. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2020;15(3):359-86. DOI:10.1007/s11481-020-09944-5
10. Castelli V, Cimini A, Ferri C. Cytokine Storm in COVID-19: “When You Come Out of the Storm, You Won’t Be the Same Person Who Walked in.” Front Immunol. 2020;11:2132. DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2020.02132
11. Tian D, Ye Q. Hepatic complications of COVID-19 and its treatment. J Med Virol. 2020;92(10):1818-24. DOI:10.1002/jmv.26036
12. Li Y, Xiao SY. Hepatic involvement in COVID-19 patients: Pathology, pathogenesis, and clinical implications. J Med Virol. 2020;92(9):1491-4. DOI:10.1002/jmv.25973
13. Grein J, Ohmagari N, Shin D, et al. Compassionate Use of Remdesivir for Patients with Severe Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(24):2327-36. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa2007016
14. Chen C, Zhang Y, Huang J, et al. Favipiravir versus Arbidol for COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Front Pharmacol. 2021;12:683296. DOI:10.1101/2020.03.17.20037432
15. Резник Е.В., Юдин Д.В., Гудилова Ю.Ю., и др. Лекарственное поражение печени иммуномодулирующим препаратом растительного происхождения. Терапевтический архив. 2021;93(8):932-5 [Reznik EV, Yudin DV, Gudilova YuYu, et al. A medicinal liver injury with an immunomodulatory drug of natural origin. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2021;93(8):932-5 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.26442/00403660.2021.08.200975
16. Li J, Fan JG. Characteristics and Mechanism of Liver Injury in 2019 Coronavirus Disease. J Clin Transl Hepatol. 2020;8(1):13-7. DOI:10.14218/JCTH.2020.00019
17. Xu Z, Shi L, Wang Y, et al. Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Lancet Respir Med. 2020;8(4):420-2.
DOI:10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30076-X
18. Wang Y, Zhang D, Du G, et al. Remdesivir in adults with severe COVID-19: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial. Lancet. 2020;395(10236):1569-78.DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31022-9
19. Ji D, Qin E, Xu J, et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases in patients with COVID-19: A retrospective study. J Hepatol. 2020;73(2):451-3. DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2020.03.044
20. Faruqui S, Okoli FC, Olsen SK, et al. Cholangiopathy After Severe COVID-19: Clinical Features and Prognostic Implications. Am J Gastroenterol. 2021;116(7):1414-25. DOI:10.14309/ajg.0000000000001264
21. Zhang Y, Zheng L, Liu L, et al. Liver impairment in COVID-19 patients: A retrospective analysis of 115 cases from a single centre in Wuhan city, China. Liver Int. 2020;40(9):2095-103. DOI:10.1111/liv.14455
22. Effenberger M, Grander C, Fritsche G, et al. Liver stiffness by transient elastography accompanies illness severity in COVID-19. BMJ Open Gastroenterol. 2020;7(1):e000445. DOI:10.1136/bmjgast-2020-000445
23. Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020;395(10229):1054-62. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3
24. Zhang C, Shi L, Wang FS. Liver injury in COVID-19: management and challenges. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;5(5):428-30. DOI:10.1016/S2468-1253(20)30057-1
25. YueHua H, ZhiLiang G. Study of the relationship SARS and hepatitis virus B. J Clin Hepatol. 2003;19(6):342-3. Available at: http://www.lcgdbzz.org/en/article/id/LCGD200306010. Accessed: 24.01.2022.
26. Chai X, Hu L, Zhang Y, et al. Specific ACE2 Expression in Cholangiocytes May Cause Liver Damage After 2019-nCoV Infectio. bioRxiV. Published online 2020. DOI:10.1101/2020.02.03.931766
27. Lippi G, de Oliveira MHS, Henry BM. Chronic liver disease is not associated with severity or mortality in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a pooled analysis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;33(1):114-5. DOI:10.1097/MEG.0000000000001742
28. Huang W, Li C, Wang Z, et al. Decreased serum albumin level indicates poor prognosis of COVID-19 patients: hepatic injury analysis from 2,623 hospitalized cases. Sci China Life Sci. 2020;63(11):1678-87. DOI:10.1007/s11427-020-1733-4
29. Targher G, Mantovani A, Byrne CD, et al. Risk of severe illness from COVID-19 in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and increased fibrosis scores. Gut. 2020;69(8):1545-7. DOI:10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321611
30. Буеверов А.О., Богомолов П.О. Неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени без ожирения: проблема, ожидающая решения. Терапевтический архив. 2017;89(12):226-32 [Bueverov AO, Bogomolov PO. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease without obesity: the problem to be solved. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2017;89(12):226-32 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.17116/terarkh20178912226-232
31. Iavarone M, D’Ambrosio R, Soria A, et al. High rates of 30-day mortality in patients with cirrhosis and COVID-19. J Hepatol. 2020;73(5):1063-71. DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2020.06.001
32. Bajaj JS, Garcia-Tsao G, Biggins SW, et al. Comparison of mortality risk in patients with cirrhosis and COVID-19 compared with patients with cirrhosis alone and COVID-19 alone: multicentre matched cohort. Gut. 2021;70(3):531-6. DOI:10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322118
33. Marjot T, Moon AM, Cook JA, et al. Outcomes following SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with chronic liver disease: An international registry study. J Hepatol. 2021;74(3):567-77. DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2020.09.024
34. Wu D, Yang XO. TH17 responses in cytokine storm of COVID-19: An emerging target of JAK2 inhibitor Fedratinib. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2020;53(3):368-70. DOI:10.1016/j.jmii.2020.03.005
35. Barbara G, Wang B, Stanghellini V, et al. Mast cell-dependent excitation of visceral-nociceptive sensory neurons in irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology. 2007;132(1):26-37. DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2006.11.039
36. Polak WG, Fondevila C, Karam V, et al. Impact of COVID-19 on liver transplantation in Europe: alert from an early survey of European Liver and Intestine Transplantation Association and European Liver Transplant Registry. Transpl Int. 2020;33(10):1244-52. DOI:10.1111/tri.13680
37. Mehta V, Goel S, Kabarriti R, et al. Case Fatality Rate of Cancer Patients with COVID-19 in a New York Hospital System. Cancer Discov. 2020;10(7):935-41.
DOI:10.1158/2159-8290.CD-20-0516
38. Fix OK, Hameed B, Fontana RJ, et al. Clinical Best Practice Advice for Hepatology and Liver Transplant Providers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: AASLD Expert Panel Consensus Statement. Hepatology. 2020;72(1):287-304. DOI:10.1002/hep.31281
39. Ekpanyapong S, Bunchorntavakul C, Reddy KR. COVID-19 and the Liver: Lessons Learnt from the EAST and the WEST, A Year Later. J Viral Hepat. 2022;29(1):4-20. DOI:10.1111/jvh.13590
40. Boettler T, Marjot T, Newsome PN, et al. Impact of COVID-19 on the care of patients with liver disease: EASL-ESCMID position paper after 6 months of the pandemic. JHEP Rep. 2020;2(5):100169. DOI:10.1016/j.jhepr.2020.100169
41. Boettler T, Newsome PN, Mondelli MU, et al. Care of patients with liver disease during the COVID-19 pandemic: EASL-ESCMID position paper. JHEP Rep. 2020;2(3):100113. DOI:10.1016/j.jhepr.2020.100113
42. APASL Covid-19 Task Force, Lau G, Sharma M. Clinical practice guidance for hepatology and liver transplant providers during the COVID-19 pandemic: APASL expert panel consensus recommendations. Hepatol Int. 2020;14(4):415-28. DOI:10.1007/s12072-020-10054-w
43. Major Updates to COVID-19 Clinical Insights Document. Available at: https://www.aasld.org/sites/default/files/2020-04/COVID19-ClinicalInsightsUpdates-4162020.pdf. Accessed: 16.04.2020.
44. Bangash MN, Patel J, Parekh D. COVID-19 and the liver: little cause for concern. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;5(6):529-30. DOI:10.1016/S2468-1253(20)30084-4
45. Zuo Y, Estes SK, Ali RA, et al. Prothrombotic autoantibodies in serum from patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Sci Transl Med. 2020;12(570):eabd3876. DOI:10.1126/scitranslmed.abd3876
46. Mao R, Liang J, Shen J, et al. Implications of COVID-19 for patients with pre-existing digestive diseases. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;5(5):425-7.
DOI:10.1016/S2468-1253(20)30076-5
47. An YW, Song S, Li WX, et al. Liver function recovery of COVID-19 patients after discharge, a follow-up study. Int J Med Sci. 2021;18(1):176-86. DOI:10.7150/ijms.50691
48. Pawlotsky JM. COVID-19 and the liver-related deaths to come. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;17(9):523-5. DOI:10.1038/s41575-020-0328-2
49. Da BL, Im GY, Schiano TD. Coronavirus Disease 2019 Hangover: A Rising Tide of Alcohol Use Disorder and Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease. Hepatology. 2020;72(3):1102-8. DOI:10.1002/hep.31307
50. Cai Q, Huang D, Yu H, et al. COVID-19: Abnormal liver function tests. J Hepatol. 2020;73(3):566-74. DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2020.04.006
51. Cichoż-Lach H, Michalak A. Liver injury in the era of COVID-19. World J Gastroenterol. 2021;27(5):377-90. DOI:10.3748/wjg.v27.i5.377
52. Lembach H, Hann A, McKay SC, et al. Resuming liver transplantation amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;5(8):725-6.
DOI:10.1016/S2468-1253(20)30187-4
________________________________________________
2. Marasco G, Lenti MV, Cremon C, et al. Implications of SARS-CoV-2 infection for neurogastroenterology. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2021;33(3):e14104. DOI:10.1111/nmo.14104
3. Albillos A, Lario M, Álvarez-Mon M. Cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction: distinctive features and clinical relevance. J Hepatol. 2014;61(6):1385-96. DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2014.08.010
4. Маев И.В., Осадчук М.М., Осадчук М.А., Миронова Е.Д. Неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени и сахарный диабет в контексте «диабетической болезни печени»: возможности ассоциированной терапии. Медицинский вестник Северного Кавказа. 2020;15(4):586-93 [Maev IV, Osadchuk MM, Osadchuk MA, Mironova ED. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and diabetes in the context of diabetic liver disease: possibilities of associated therapy. Medical News of North Caucasus. 2020;15(4):586-93 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.14300/mnnc.2020.15141
5. Wang Y, Liu S, Liu H, et al. SARS-CoV-2 infection of the liver directly contributes to hepatic impairment in patients with COVID-19. J Hepatol. 2020;73(4):807-16. DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2020.05.002
6. Francque SM, Marchesini G, Kautz A, et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A patient guideline. JHEP Rep. 2021;3(5):100322. DOI:10.1016/j.jhepr.2021.100322
7. Xu X, Chen P, Wang J, et al. Evolution of the novel coronavirus from the ongoing Wuhan outbreak and modeling of its spike protein for risk of human transmission. Sci China Life Sci. 2020;63(3):457-60. DOI:10.1007/s11427-020-1637-5
8. Loganathan S, Kuppusamy M, Wankhar W, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2): COVID 19 gate way to multiple organ failure syndromes. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2021;283:103548. DOI:10.1016/j.resp.2020.103548
9. Machhi J, Herskovitz J, Senan AM, et al. The Natural History, Pathobiology, and Clinical Manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 Infections. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2020;15(3):359-86. DOI:10.1007/s11481-020-09944-5
10. Castelli V, Cimini A, Ferri C. Cytokine Storm in COVID-19: “When You Come Out of the Storm, You Won’t Be the Same Person Who Walked in.” Front Immunol. 2020;11:2132. DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2020.02132
11. Tian D, Ye Q. Hepatic complications of COVID-19 and its treatment. J Med Virol. 2020;92(10):1818-24. DOI:10.1002/jmv.26036
12. Li Y, Xiao SY. Hepatic involvement in COVID-19 patients: Pathology, pathogenesis, and clinical implications. J Med Virol. 2020;92(9):1491-4. DOI:10.1002/jmv.25973
13. Grein J, Ohmagari N, Shin D, et al. Compassionate Use of Remdesivir for Patients with Severe Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(24):2327-36. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa2007016
14. Chen C, Zhang Y, Huang J, et al. Favipiravir versus Arbidol for COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Front Pharmacol. 2021;12:683296. DOI:10.1101/2020.03.17.20037432
15. Резник Е.В., Юдин Д.В., Гудилова Ю.Ю., и др. Лекарственное поражение печени иммуномодулирующим препаратом растительного происхождения. Терапевтический архив. 2021;93(8):932-5 [Reznik EV, Yudin DV, Gudilova YuYu, et al. A medicinal liver injury with an immunomodulatory drug of natural origin. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2021;93(8):932-5 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.26442/00403660.2021.08.200975
16. Li J, Fan JG. Characteristics and Mechanism of Liver Injury in 2019 Coronavirus Disease. J Clin Transl Hepatol. 2020;8(1):13-7. DOI:10.14218/JCTH.2020.00019
17. Xu Z, Shi L, Wang Y, et al. Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Lancet Respir Med. 2020;8(4):420-2.
DOI:10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30076-X
18. Wang Y, Zhang D, Du G, et al. Remdesivir in adults with severe COVID-19: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial. Lancet. 2020;395(10236):1569-78. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31022-9
19. Ji D, Qin E, Xu J, et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases in patients with COVID-19: A retrospective study. J Hepatol. 2020;73(2):451-3. DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2020.03.044
20. Faruqui S, Okoli FC, Olsen SK, et al. Cholangiopathy After Severe COVID-19: Clinical Features and Prognostic Implications. Am J Gastroenterol. 2021;116(7):1414-25. DOI:10.14309/ajg.0000000000001264
21. Zhang Y, Zheng L, Liu L, et al. Liver impairment in COVID-19 patients: A retrospective analysis of 115 cases from a single centre in Wuhan city, China. Liver Int. 2020;40(9):2095-103. DOI:10.1111/liv.14455
22. Effenberger M, Grander C, Fritsche G, et al. Liver stiffness by transient elastography accompanies illness severity in COVID-19. BMJ Open Gastroenterol. 2020;7(1):e000445. DOI:10.1136/bmjgast-2020-000445
23. Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020;395(10229):1054-62. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3
24. Zhang C, Shi L, Wang FS. Liver injury in COVID-19: management and challenges. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;5(5):428-30. DOI:10.1016/S2468-1253(20)30057-1
25. YueHua H, ZhiLiang G. Study of the relationship SARS and hepatitis virus B. J Clin Hepatol. 2003;19(6):342-3. Available at: http://www.lcgdbzz.org/en/article/id/LCGD200306010. Accessed: 24.01.2022.
26. Chai X, Hu L, Zhang Y, et al. Specific ACE2 Expression in Cholangiocytes May Cause Liver Damage After 2019-nCoV Infectio. bioRxiV. Published online 2020. DOI:10.1101/2020.02.03.931766
27. Lippi G, de Oliveira MHS, Henry BM. Chronic liver disease is not associated with severity or mortality in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a pooled analysis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;33(1):114-5. DOI:10.1097/MEG.0000000000001742
28. Huang W, Li C, Wang Z, et al. Decreased serum albumin level indicates poor prognosis of COVID-19 patients: hepatic injury analysis from 2,623 hospitalized cases. Sci China Life Sci. 2020;63(11):1678-87. DOI:10.1007/s11427-020-1733-4
29. Targher G, Mantovani A, Byrne CD, et al. Risk of severe illness from COVID-19 in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and increased fibrosis scores. Gut. 2020;69(8):1545-7. DOI:10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321611
30. Bueverov AO, Bogomolov PO. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease without obesity: the problem to be solved. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2017;89(12):226-32 (in Russian). DOI:10.17116/terarkh20178912226-232
31. Iavarone M, D’Ambrosio R, Soria A, et al. High rates of 30-day mortality in patients with cirrhosis and COVID-19. J Hepatol. 2020;73(5):1063-71. DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2020.06.001
32. Bajaj JS, Garcia-Tsao G, Biggins SW, et al. Comparison of mortality risk in patients with cirrhosis and COVID-19 compared with patients with cirrhosis alone and COVID-19 alone: multicentre matched cohort. Gut. 2021;70(3):531-6. DOI:10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322118
33. Marjot T, Moon AM, Cook JA, et al. Outcomes following SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with chronic liver disease: An international registry study. J Hepatol. 2021;74(3):567-77. DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2020.09.024
34. Wu D, Yang XO. TH17 responses in cytokine storm of COVID-19: An emerging target of JAK2 inhibitor Fedratinib. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2020;53(3):368-70. DOI:10.1016/j.jmii.2020.03.005
35. Barbara G, Wang B, Stanghellini V, et al. Mast cell-dependent excitation of visceral-nociceptive sensory neurons in irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology. 2007;132(1):26-37. DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2006.11.039
36. Polak WG, Fondevila C, Karam V, et al. Impact of COVID-19 on liver transplantation in Europe: alert from an early survey of European Liver and Intestine Transplantation Association and European Liver Transplant Registry. Transpl Int. 2020;33(10):1244-52. DOI:10.1111/tri.13680
37. Mehta V, Goel S, Kabarriti R, et al. Case Fatality Rate of Cancer Patients with COVID-19 in a New York Hospital System. Cancer Discov. 2020;10(7):935-41.
DOI:10.1158/2159-8290.CD-20-0516
38. Fix OK, Hameed B, Fontana RJ, et al. Clinical Best Practice Advice for Hepatology and Liver Transplant Providers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: AASLD Expert Panel Consensus Statement. Hepatology. 2020;72(1):287-304. DOI:10.1002/hep.31281
39. Ekpanyapong S, Bunchorntavakul C, Reddy KR. COVID-19 and the Liver: Lessons Learnt from the EAST and the WEST, A Year Later. J Viral Hepat. 2022;29(1):4-20. DOI:10.1111/jvh.13590
40. Boettler T, Marjot T, Newsome PN, et al. Impact of COVID-19 on the care of patients with liver disease: EASL-ESCMID position paper after 6 months of the pandemic. JHEP Rep. 2020;2(5):100169. DOI:10.1016/j.jhepr.2020.100169
41. Boettler T, Newsome PN, Mondelli MU, et al. Care of patients with liver disease during the COVID-19 pandemic: EASL-ESCMID position paper. JHEP Rep. 2020;2(3):100113. DOI:10.1016/j.jhepr.2020.100113
42. APASL Covid-19 Task Force, Lau G, Sharma M. Clinical practice guidance for hepatology and liver transplant providers during the COVID-19 pandemic: APASL expert panel consensus recommendations. Hepatol Int. 2020;14(4):415-28. DOI:10.1007/s12072-020-10054-w
43. Major Updates to COVID-19 Clinical Insights Document. Available at: https://www.aasld.org/sites/default/files/2020-04/COVID19-ClinicalInsightsUpdates-4162020.pdf. Accessed: 16.04.2020.
44. Bangash MN, Patel J, Parekh D. COVID-19 and the liver: little cause for concern. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;5(6):529-30. DOI:10.1016/S2468-1253(20)30084-4
45. Zuo Y, Estes SK, Ali RA, et al. Prothrombotic autoantibodies in serum from patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Sci Transl Med. 2020;12(570):eabd3876. DOI:10.1126/scitranslmed.abd3876
46. Mao R, Liang J, Shen J, et al. Implications of COVID-19 for patients with pre-existing digestive diseases. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;5(5):425-7.
DOI:10.1016/S2468-1253(20)30076-5
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Авторы
И.В. Маев1, М.А. Осадчук*2
1 ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И. Евдокимова» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия;
2 ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет), Москва, Россия
*osadchuk.mikhail@yandex.ru
1 Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia;
2 Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
*osadchuk.mikhail@yandex.ru
1 ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И. Евдокимова» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия;
2 ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет), Москва, Россия
*osadchuk.mikhail@yandex.ru
________________________________________________
1 Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia;
2 Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
*osadchuk.mikhail@yandex.ru
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