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Гендерные различия в оказании медицинской помощи при остром коронарном синдроме. Анализ данных Федерального регистра острого коронарного синдрома за 2016–2019 гг.
Гендерные различия в оказании медицинской помощи при остром коронарном синдроме. Анализ данных Федерального регистра острого коронарного синдрома за 2016–2019 гг.
Сагайдак О.В., Ощепкова Е.В., Чазова И.Е. Гендерные различия в оказании медицинской помощи при остром коронарном синдроме. Анализ данных Федерального регистра острого коронарного синдрома за 2016–2019 гг. Терапевтический архив. 2022;94(7):797–802. DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2022.07.201732
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Аннотация
Введение. Тактика ведения больных с острым коронарным синдромом (ОКС) практически универсальна вне зависимости от пола, возраста и этнических принадлежностей. Однако зачастую на практике пол и возраст влияют на принятие врачебного решения, и пациенты не получают медицинскую помощь в полном объеме. По данным Федерального регистра ОКС проанализирована медицинская помощь пациентам с ОКС в разрезе половой принадлежности.
Цель. Проанализировать влияние пола пациента на течение заболевания и оказание медицинской помощи больным с ОКС, прошедших лечение в 2016–2019 гг.
Материалы и методы. Проанализированы данные регистра ОКС по 95 586 историям болезни. Выделено 2 группы: мужчины (n=59 442, 62,2%) и женщины (n=36 144, 57,8%).
Результаты. При анализе анамнеза пациентов выявлено, что женщины зачастую более отягощены сопутствующими заболеваниями и имели более высокий риск по шкале GRACE при поступлении. Продемонстрировано, что мужчинам реваскуляризация в среднем проводилась достоверно чаще, чем женщинам (51,9% против 32,5% соответственно, p<0,001). У женщин чаще тактикой выбора была медикаментозная терапия. При сопоставлении с критериями целесообразности реваскуляризации показано, что более чем 70% женщин, у которых была выбрана консервативная тактика лечения, было целесообразно провести реваскуляризацию миокарда при помощи чрескожного коронарного вмешательства.
Заключение. Выявлены различия в течении заболевания в зависимости от пола, а также в выборе тактики лечения врачами. Для женщин характерна более поздняя манифестация заболевания, чаще в виде ОКС без подъема сегмента ST. Особенность течения заболевания у женщин связана с более высокой коморбидностью пациенток с ОКС, атипичной картиной заболевания, более поздним обращением. В выборе тактики лечения превалирует консервативный подход.
Ключевые слова: регистр, острый коронарный синдром, чрескожное коронарное вмешательство, половые различия
Aim. To analyze the influence of the patient's gender on the course of the disease and on the provision of medical care to patients with ACS who underwent treatment in 2016–2019.
Materials and methods. The data of 95 586 cases was analyzed. Two groups were identified: men (n=59 442, 62.2%) and women (n=36 144, 57.8%).
Results. Anamnesis analysis has revealed, that women were often more burdened with concomitant diseases and had a higher risk on the GRACE scale at admission. It was demonstrated that men underwent revascularization on average significantly more often than women (51.9% versus 32.5%, respectively, p<0.001). In women, conservative therapy was more. When compared with the appropriate use criteria for coronary revascularization, it was shown that more than 70% of women in whom a conservative treatment strategy was chosen, it was expedient to undergo myocardial revascularization using percutaneous coronary intervention.
Conclusion. Gender differences were revealed in the course of the disease, as well as in the choice of treatment by doctors. Women are characterized by a later manifestation of the disease, more often in the form of ST-ACS. The course of the disease in women is associated with a higher comorbidity, atypical symptoms and later call for help. A conservative approach prevails in the choice of ACS treatment tactics in women.
Keywords: register, acute coronary syndrome, percutaneous coronary intervention, sex differences, gender differences
Цель. Проанализировать влияние пола пациента на течение заболевания и оказание медицинской помощи больным с ОКС, прошедших лечение в 2016–2019 гг.
Материалы и методы. Проанализированы данные регистра ОКС по 95 586 историям болезни. Выделено 2 группы: мужчины (n=59 442, 62,2%) и женщины (n=36 144, 57,8%).
Результаты. При анализе анамнеза пациентов выявлено, что женщины зачастую более отягощены сопутствующими заболеваниями и имели более высокий риск по шкале GRACE при поступлении. Продемонстрировано, что мужчинам реваскуляризация в среднем проводилась достоверно чаще, чем женщинам (51,9% против 32,5% соответственно, p<0,001). У женщин чаще тактикой выбора была медикаментозная терапия. При сопоставлении с критериями целесообразности реваскуляризации показано, что более чем 70% женщин, у которых была выбрана консервативная тактика лечения, было целесообразно провести реваскуляризацию миокарда при помощи чрескожного коронарного вмешательства.
Заключение. Выявлены различия в течении заболевания в зависимости от пола, а также в выборе тактики лечения врачами. Для женщин характерна более поздняя манифестация заболевания, чаще в виде ОКС без подъема сегмента ST. Особенность течения заболевания у женщин связана с более высокой коморбидностью пациенток с ОКС, атипичной картиной заболевания, более поздним обращением. В выборе тактики лечения превалирует консервативный подход.
Ключевые слова: регистр, острый коронарный синдром, чрескожное коронарное вмешательство, половые различия
________________________________________________
Aim. To analyze the influence of the patient's gender on the course of the disease and on the provision of medical care to patients with ACS who underwent treatment in 2016–2019.
Materials and methods. The data of 95 586 cases was analyzed. Two groups were identified: men (n=59 442, 62.2%) and women (n=36 144, 57.8%).
Results. Anamnesis analysis has revealed, that women were often more burdened with concomitant diseases and had a higher risk on the GRACE scale at admission. It was demonstrated that men underwent revascularization on average significantly more often than women (51.9% versus 32.5%, respectively, p<0.001). In women, conservative therapy was more. When compared with the appropriate use criteria for coronary revascularization, it was shown that more than 70% of women in whom a conservative treatment strategy was chosen, it was expedient to undergo myocardial revascularization using percutaneous coronary intervention.
Conclusion. Gender differences were revealed in the course of the disease, as well as in the choice of treatment by doctors. Women are characterized by a later manifestation of the disease, more often in the form of ST-ACS. The course of the disease in women is associated with a higher comorbidity, atypical symptoms and later call for help. A conservative approach prevails in the choice of ACS treatment tactics in women.
Keywords: register, acute coronary syndrome, percutaneous coronary intervention, sex differences, gender differences
Полный текст
Список литературы
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4. Fox K, Fitzgerald G, Puymirat E, et al. Should patients with acute coronary disease be stratified for management according to their risk? Derivation, external validation and outcomes using the updated GRACE risk score. BMJ Open. 2014;4(2):e004425. DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004425
5. Eagle KA, Lim MJ, Dabbous OH, et al; GRACE Investigators. A validated prediction model for all forms of acute coronary syndrome: estimating the risk of 6-month postdischarge death in an international registry. JAMA. 2004;291(22):2727-33. DOI:10.1001/jama.291.22.2727
6. Попова Ю.В., Киселев А.Р., Сагайдак О.В., и др. Применение критериев целесообразности коронарной реваскуляризации у больных острым коронарным синдромом в Российской Федерации (данные Федерального регистра острого коронарного синдрома). Кардиологический вестник. 2018;13(4):17-22 [Popova YuV, Kiselev AR, Sagaydak OV, et al. Application of the appropriate use criteria for coronary revascularization in patients with acute coronary syndrome in the Russian Federation (data from the federal registry). Russian Cardiology Bulletin. 2018;13(4):17-22 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.17116/Cardiobulletin20181304117
7. Барбараш О.Л., Кашталап В.В., Быкова И.С., и др. Особенности клинического течения и стационарного этапа лечения пациентов с острым коронарным синдромом с подъемом сегмента ST в зависимости от пола (по данным российского регистра острого коронарного синдрома “РЕКОРД-3”). Российский кардиологический журнал. 2017;(6):122-31 [Barbarash OL, Kashtalap VV, Bykova IS, et al. Gender specifics of clinical course and in-patient stage of management in ST elevation acute coronary syndrome patients (by the Russian registry of acute coronary syndrome “RECORD-3”). Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2017;(6):122-31 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.15829/1560-4071-2017-6-122-131
8. Akinkuolie AO, Mora S. Are there sex differences in acute coronary syndrome presentation?: a guide through the maze. JAMA Intern Med. 2013;173(20):1861-2. DOI:10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.8075
9. Graham G. Acute Coronary Syndromes in Women: Recent Treatment Trends and Outcomes. Clin Med Insights Cardiol. 2016;10:1-10. DOI:10.4137/CMC.S37145
10. Hiteshi AK, Li D, Gao Y, et al. Gender differences in coronary artery diameter are not related to body habitus or left ventricular mass. Clin Cardiol. 2014;37:605-9. DOI:10.1002/clc.22310
11. Murthy VL, Naya M, Taqueti VR, et al. Effects of sex on coronary microvascular dysfunction and cardiac outcomes. Circulation. 2014;129:2518-27. DOI:10.1161/circulationaha.113.008507
12. Haider A, Bengs S, Maredziak M, et al. Heart rate reserve during pharmacological stress is a significant negative predictor of impaired coronary flow reserve in women. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2019;46:1257-67. DOI:10.1007/s00259-019-4265-7
13. Patel MB, Bui LP, Kirkeeide RL, Gould KL. Imaging microvascular mysfunction and mechanisms for female-male differences in CAD. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2016;9:465-82. DOI:10.1016/j.jcmg.2016.02.003
14. Koskinas KC, Sukhova GK, Baker AB, et al. Thin-capped atheromata with reduced collagen content in pigs develop in coronary arterial regions exposed to persistently low endothelial shear stress. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2013;33:1494-504. DOI:10.1161/atvbaha.112.300827
15. Weiner CP, Lizasoain I, Baylis SA, et al. Induction of calcium-dependent nitric oxide synthases by sex hormones. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1994;91:5212-6. DOI:10.1073/pnas.91.11.5212
16. Miller VM, Duckles SP. Vascular actions of estrogens: functional implications. Pharmacol Rev. 2008;60:210-41. DOI:10.1124/pr.107.08002
17. Manson JE. Estrogen plus progestin and risk of coronary heart disease. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. 2004;58(4):269. DOI:10.1016/j.biopha.2004.03.003
18. Hodis HN, Mack WJ, Azen SP. Hormone therapy and the progression of coronary-artery atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women. ACC Current Journal Review. 2003;12(6):25. DOI:10.1016/j.accreview.2003.09.014
19. Alexander KP, Newby LK, Hellkamp AS, et al. Initiation of hormone replacement therapy after acute myocardial infarction is associated with more cardiac events during follow-up. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;38:1-7. DOI:10.1016/s0735-1097(01)01329-8
20. Muka T, Chowdhury R, Franco OH. Effect of iron levels on women after pre-mature or early-onset menopause-reply. JAMA Cardiol. 2017;2:458-9. DOI:10.1001/jamacardio.2016.5084
21. Karakas M, Waldeyer C, Ojeda F, et al. Iron deficiency independently and strongly predicts risk of cardiovascular death and myocardial infarction in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Circulation. 2016;134(Suppl. 1):A18474.
22. Zeller T, Waldeyer C, Ojeda F, et al. Adverse outcome prediction of iron deficiency in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Biomolecules. 2018;8:60. DOI:10.3390/biom8030060
23. Farhan S, Baber U, Mehran R. Anemia and acute coronary syndrome: time for intervention studies. J Am Heart Assoc. 2016;5(11):e004908. DOI:10.1161/jaha.116.004908
24. Bucholz EM, Strait KM, Dreyer RP, et al. Editor’s choice-sex differences in young patients with acute myocardial infarction: a VIRGO study analysis. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care. 2017;6:610-22. DOI:10.1177/2048872616661847
25. Shah AJ, Veledar E, Hong Y, et al. Depression and history of attempted suicide as risk factors for heart disease mortality in young individuals. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2011;68:1135-42. DOI:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.125
26. Rich-Edwards JW, Mason S, Rexrode K, et al. Physical and sexual abuse in childhood as predictors of early-onset cardiovascular events in women. Circulation. 2012;126:920-7. DOI:10.1161/circulationaha.111.076877
2. Gridnev VI, Kiselev AR, Posnenkova OM, et al. Objectives and Design of the Russian Acute Coronary Syndrome Registry (RusACSR). Clin Cardiol. 2016;39(1):1-8. DOI:10.1002/clc.22495
3. Patel MR, Dehmer GJ, Hirshfeld JW, et al. ACCF/SCAI/STS/AATS/AHA/ASNC 2009 Appropriateness Criteria for Coronary Revascularization: a report by the American College of Cardiology Foundation Appropriateness Criteria Task Force, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Thoracic Surgeons, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, American Heart Association, and the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology Endorsed by the American Society of Echocardiography, the Heart Failure Society of America, and the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography. J Am Col Cardiol. 2009;53(6):530-53. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2008.10.005
4. Fox K, Fitzgerald G, Puymirat E, et al. Should patients with acute coronary disease be stratified for management according to their risk? Derivation, external validation and outcomes using the updated GRACE risk score. BMJ Open. 2014;4(2):e004425. DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004425
5. Eagle KA, Lim MJ, Dabbous OH, et al; GRACE Investigators. A validated prediction model for all forms of acute coronary syndrome: estimating the risk of 6-month postdischarge death in an international registry. JAMA. 2004;291(22):2727-33. DOI:10.1001/jama.291.22.2727
6. Popova YuV, Kiselev AR, Sagaydak OV, et al. Application of the appropriate use criteria for coronary revascularization in patients with acute coronary syndrome in the Russian Federation (data from the federal registry). Russian Cardiology Bulletin. 2018;13(4):17-22 (in Russian). DOI:10.17116/Cardiobulletin20181304117
7. Barbarash OL, Kashtalap VV, Bykova IS, et al. Gender specifics of clinical course and in-patient stage of management in ST elevation acute coronary syndrome patients (by the Russian registry of acute coronary syndrome “RECORD-3”). Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2017;(6):122-31 (in Russian). DOI:10.15829/1560-4071-2017-6-122-131
8. Akinkuolie AO, Mora S. Are there sex differences in acute coronary syndrome presentation?: a guide through the maze. JAMA Intern Med. 2013;173(20):1861-2. DOI:10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.8075
9. Graham G. Acute Coronary Syndromes in Women: Recent Treatment Trends and Outcomes. Clin Med Insights Cardiol. 2016;10:1-10. DOI:10.4137/CMC.S37145
10. Hiteshi AK, Li D, Gao Y, et al. Gender differences in coronary artery diameter are not related to body habitus or left ventricular mass. Clin Cardiol. 2014;37:605-9. DOI:10.1002/clc.22310
11. Murthy VL, Naya M, Taqueti VR, et al. Effects of sex on coronary microvascular dysfunction and cardiac outcomes. Circulation. 2014;129:2518-27. DOI:10.1161/circulationaha.113.008507
12. Haider A, Bengs S, Maredziak M, et al. Heart rate reserve during pharmacological stress is a significant negative predictor of impaired coronary flow reserve in women. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2019;46:1257-67. DOI:10.1007/s00259-019-4265-7
13. Patel MB, Bui LP, Kirkeeide RL, Gould KL. Imaging microvascular mysfunction and mechanisms for female-male differences in CAD. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2016;9:465-82. DOI:10.1016/j.jcmg.2016.02.003
14. Koskinas KC, Sukhova GK, Baker AB, et al. Thin-capped atheromata with reduced collagen content in pigs develop in coronary arterial regions exposed to persistently low endothelial shear stress. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2013;33:1494-504. DOI:10.1161/atvbaha.112.300827
15. Weiner CP, Lizasoain I, Baylis SA, et al. Induction of calcium-dependent nitric oxide synthases by sex hormones. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1994;91:5212-6. DOI:10.1073/pnas.91.11.5212
16. Miller VM, Duckles SP. Vascular actions of estrogens: functional implications. Pharmacol Rev. 2008;60:210-41. DOI:10.1124/pr.107.08002
17. Manson JE. Estrogen plus progestin and risk of coronary heart disease. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. 2004;58(4):269. DOI:10.1016/j.biopha.2004.03.003
18. Hodis HN, Mack WJ, Azen SP. Hormone therapy and the progression of coronary-artery atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women. ACC Current Journal Review. 2003;12(6):25. DOI:10.1016/j.accreview.2003.09.014
19. Alexander KP, Newby LK, Hellkamp AS, et al. Initiation of hormone replacement therapy after acute myocardial infarction is associated with more cardiac events during follow-up. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;38:1-7. DOI:10.1016/s0735-1097(01)01329-8
20. Muka T, Chowdhury R, Franco OH. Effect of iron levels on women after pre-mature or early-onset menopause-reply. JAMA Cardiol. 2017;2:458-9. DOI:10.1001/jamacardio.2016.5084
21. Karakas M, Waldeyer C, Ojeda F, et al. Iron deficiency independently and strongly predicts risk of cardiovascular death and myocardial infarction in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Circulation. 2016;134(Suppl. 1):A18474.
22. Zeller T, Waldeyer C, Ojeda F, et al. Adverse outcome prediction of iron deficiency in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Biomolecules. 2018;8:60. DOI:10.3390/biom8030060
23. Farhan S, Baber U, Mehran R. Anemia and acute coronary syndrome: time for intervention studies. J Am Heart Assoc. 2016;5(11):e004908. DOI:10.1161/jaha.116.004908
24. Bucholz EM, Strait KM, Dreyer RP, et al. Editor’s choice-sex differences in young patients with acute myocardial infarction: a VIRGO study analysis. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care. 2017;6:610-22. DOI:10.1177/2048872616661847
25. Shah AJ, Veledar E, Hong Y, et al. Depression and history of attempted suicide as risk factors for heart disease mortality in young individuals. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2011;68:1135-42. DOI:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.125
26. Rich-Edwards JW, Mason S, Rexrode K, et al. Physical and sexual abuse in childhood as predictors of early-onset cardiovascular events in women. Circulation. 2012;126:920-7. DOI:10.1161/circulationaha.111.076877
2. Gridnev VI, Kiselev AR, Posnenkova OM, et al. Objectives and Design of the Russian Acute Coronary Syndrome Registry (RusACSR). Clin Cardiol. 2016;39(1):1-8. DOI:10.1002/clc.22495
3. Patel MR, Dehmer GJ, Hirshfeld JW, et al. ACCF/SCAI/STS/AATS/AHA/ASNC 2009 Appropriateness Criteria for Coronary Revascularization: a report by the American College of Cardiology Foundation Appropriateness Criteria Task Force, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Thoracic Surgeons, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, American Heart Association, and the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology Endorsed by the American Society of Echocardiography, the Heart Failure Society of America, and the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography. J Am Col Cardiol. 2009;53(6):530-53. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2008.10.005
4. Fox K, Fitzgerald G, Puymirat E, et al. Should patients with acute coronary disease be stratified for management according to their risk? Derivation, external validation and outcomes using the updated GRACE risk score. BMJ Open. 2014;4(2):e004425. DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004425
5. Eagle KA, Lim MJ, Dabbous OH, et al; GRACE Investigators. A validated prediction model for all forms of acute coronary syndrome: estimating the risk of 6-month postdischarge death in an international registry. JAMA. 2004;291(22):2727-33. DOI:10.1001/jama.291.22.2727
6. Попова Ю.В., Киселев А.Р., Сагайдак О.В., и др. Применение критериев целесообразности коронарной реваскуляризации у больных острым коронарным синдромом в Российской Федерации (данные Федерального регистра острого коронарного синдрома). Кардиологический вестник. 2018;13(4):17-22 [Popova YuV, Kiselev AR, Sagaydak OV, et al. Application of the appropriate use criteria for coronary revascularization in patients with acute coronary syndrome in the Russian Federation (data from the federal registry). Russian Cardiology Bulletin. 2018;13(4):17-22 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.17116/Cardiobulletin20181304117
7. Барбараш О.Л., Кашталап В.В., Быкова И.С., и др. Особенности клинического течения и стационарного этапа лечения пациентов с острым коронарным синдромом с подъемом сегмента ST в зависимости от пола (по данным российского регистра острого коронарного синдрома “РЕКОРД-3”). Российский кардиологический журнал. 2017;(6):122-31 [Barbarash OL, Kashtalap VV, Bykova IS, et al. Gender specifics of clinical course and in-patient stage of management in ST elevation acute coronary syndrome patients (by the Russian registry of acute coronary syndrome “RECORD-3”). Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2017;(6):122-31 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.15829/1560-4071-2017-6-122-131
8. Akinkuolie AO, Mora S. Are there sex differences in acute coronary syndrome presentation?: a guide through the maze. JAMA Intern Med. 2013;173(20):1861-2. DOI:10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.8075
9. Graham G. Acute Coronary Syndromes in Women: Recent Treatment Trends and Outcomes. Clin Med Insights Cardiol. 2016;10:1-10. DOI:10.4137/CMC.S37145
10. Hiteshi AK, Li D, Gao Y, et al. Gender differences in coronary artery diameter are not related to body habitus or left ventricular mass. Clin Cardiol. 2014;37:605-9. DOI:10.1002/clc.22310
11. Murthy VL, Naya M, Taqueti VR, et al. Effects of sex on coronary microvascular dysfunction and cardiac outcomes. Circulation. 2014;129:2518-27. DOI:10.1161/circulationaha.113.008507
12. Haider A, Bengs S, Maredziak M, et al. Heart rate reserve during pharmacological stress is a significant negative predictor of impaired coronary flow reserve in women. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2019;46:1257-67. DOI:10.1007/s00259-019-4265-7
13. Patel MB, Bui LP, Kirkeeide RL, Gould KL. Imaging microvascular mysfunction and mechanisms for female-male differences in CAD. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2016;9:465-82. DOI:10.1016/j.jcmg.2016.02.003
14. Koskinas KC, Sukhova GK, Baker AB, et al. Thin-capped atheromata with reduced collagen content in pigs develop in coronary arterial regions exposed to persistently low endothelial shear stress. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2013;33:1494-504. DOI:10.1161/atvbaha.112.300827
15. Weiner CP, Lizasoain I, Baylis SA, et al. Induction of calcium-dependent nitric oxide synthases by sex hormones. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1994;91:5212-6. DOI:10.1073/pnas.91.11.5212
16. Miller VM, Duckles SP. Vascular actions of estrogens: functional implications. Pharmacol Rev. 2008;60:210-41. DOI:10.1124/pr.107.08002
17. Manson JE. Estrogen plus progestin and risk of coronary heart disease. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. 2004;58(4):269. DOI:10.1016/j.biopha.2004.03.003
18. Hodis HN, Mack WJ, Azen SP. Hormone therapy and the progression of coronary-artery atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women. ACC Current Journal Review. 2003;12(6):25. DOI:10.1016/j.accreview.2003.09.014
19. Alexander KP, Newby LK, Hellkamp AS, et al. Initiation of hormone replacement therapy after acute myocardial infarction is associated with more cardiac events during follow-up. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;38:1-7. DOI:10.1016/s0735-1097(01)01329-8
20. Muka T, Chowdhury R, Franco OH. Effect of iron levels on women after pre-mature or early-onset menopause-reply. JAMA Cardiol. 2017;2:458-9. DOI:10.1001/jamacardio.2016.5084
21. Karakas M, Waldeyer C, Ojeda F, et al. Iron deficiency independently and strongly predicts risk of cardiovascular death and myocardial infarction in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Circulation. 2016;134(Suppl. 1):A18474.
22. Zeller T, Waldeyer C, Ojeda F, et al. Adverse outcome prediction of iron deficiency in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Biomolecules. 2018;8:60. DOI:10.3390/biom8030060
23. Farhan S, Baber U, Mehran R. Anemia and acute coronary syndrome: time for intervention studies. J Am Heart Assoc. 2016;5(11):e004908. DOI:10.1161/jaha.116.004908
24. Bucholz EM, Strait KM, Dreyer RP, et al. Editor’s choice-sex differences in young patients with acute myocardial infarction: a VIRGO study analysis. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care. 2017;6:610-22. DOI:10.1177/2048872616661847
25. Shah AJ, Veledar E, Hong Y, et al. Depression and history of attempted suicide as risk factors for heart disease mortality in young individuals. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2011;68:1135-42. DOI:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.125
26. Rich-Edwards JW, Mason S, Rexrode K, et al. Physical and sexual abuse in childhood as predictors of early-onset cardiovascular events in women. Circulation. 2012;126:920-7. DOI:10.1161/circulationaha.111.076877
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2. Gridnev VI, Kiselev AR, Posnenkova OM, et al. Objectives and Design of the Russian Acute Coronary Syndrome Registry (RusACSR). Clin Cardiol. 2016;39(1):1-8. DOI:10.1002/clc.22495
3. Patel MR, Dehmer GJ, Hirshfeld JW, et al. ACCF/SCAI/STS/AATS/AHA/ASNC 2009 Appropriateness Criteria for Coronary Revascularization: a report by the American College of Cardiology Foundation Appropriateness Criteria Task Force, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Thoracic Surgeons, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, American Heart Association, and the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology Endorsed by the American Society of Echocardiography, the Heart Failure Society of America, and the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography. J Am Col Cardiol. 2009;53(6):530-53. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2008.10.005
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5. Eagle KA, Lim MJ, Dabbous OH, et al; GRACE Investigators. A validated prediction model for all forms of acute coronary syndrome: estimating the risk of 6-month postdischarge death in an international registry. JAMA. 2004;291(22):2727-33. DOI:10.1001/jama.291.22.2727
6. Popova YuV, Kiselev AR, Sagaydak OV, et al. Application of the appropriate use criteria for coronary revascularization in patients with acute coronary syndrome in the Russian Federation (data from the federal registry). Russian Cardiology Bulletin. 2018;13(4):17-22 (in Russian). DOI:10.17116/Cardiobulletin20181304117
7. Barbarash OL, Kashtalap VV, Bykova IS, et al. Gender specifics of clinical course and in-patient stage of management in ST elevation acute coronary syndrome patients (by the Russian registry of acute coronary syndrome “RECORD-3”). Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2017;(6):122-31 (in Russian). DOI:10.15829/1560-4071-2017-6-122-131
8. Akinkuolie AO, Mora S. Are there sex differences in acute coronary syndrome presentation?: a guide through the maze. JAMA Intern Med. 2013;173(20):1861-2. DOI:10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.8075
9. Graham G. Acute Coronary Syndromes in Women: Recent Treatment Trends and Outcomes. Clin Med Insights Cardiol. 2016;10:1-10. DOI:10.4137/CMC.S37145
10. Hiteshi AK, Li D, Gao Y, et al. Gender differences in coronary artery diameter are not related to body habitus or left ventricular mass. Clin Cardiol. 2014;37:605-9. DOI:10.1002/clc.22310
11. Murthy VL, Naya M, Taqueti VR, et al. Effects of sex on coronary microvascular dysfunction and cardiac outcomes. Circulation. 2014;129:2518-27. DOI:10.1161/circulationaha.113.008507
12. Haider A, Bengs S, Maredziak M, et al. Heart rate reserve during pharmacological stress is a significant negative predictor of impaired coronary flow reserve in women. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2019;46:1257-67. DOI:10.1007/s00259-019-4265-7
13. Patel MB, Bui LP, Kirkeeide RL, Gould KL. Imaging microvascular mysfunction and mechanisms for female-male differences in CAD. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2016;9:465-82. DOI:10.1016/j.jcmg.2016.02.003
14. Koskinas KC, Sukhova GK, Baker AB, et al. Thin-capped atheromata with reduced collagen content in pigs develop in coronary arterial regions exposed to persistently low endothelial shear stress. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2013;33:1494-504. DOI:10.1161/atvbaha.112.300827
15. Weiner CP, Lizasoain I, Baylis SA, et al. Induction of calcium-dependent nitric oxide synthases by sex hormones. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1994;91:5212-6. DOI:10.1073/pnas.91.11.5212
16. Miller VM, Duckles SP. Vascular actions of estrogens: functional implications. Pharmacol Rev. 2008;60:210-41. DOI:10.1124/pr.107.08002
17. Manson JE. Estrogen plus progestin and risk of coronary heart disease. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. 2004;58(4):269. DOI:10.1016/j.biopha.2004.03.003
18. Hodis HN, Mack WJ, Azen SP. Hormone therapy and the progression of coronary-artery atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women. ACC Current Journal Review. 2003;12(6):25. DOI:10.1016/j.accreview.2003.09.014
19. Alexander KP, Newby LK, Hellkamp AS, et al. Initiation of hormone replacement therapy after acute myocardial infarction is associated with more cardiac events during follow-up. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;38:1-7. DOI:10.1016/s0735-1097(01)01329-8
20. Muka T, Chowdhury R, Franco OH. Effect of iron levels on women after pre-mature or early-onset menopause-reply. JAMA Cardiol. 2017;2:458-9. DOI:10.1001/jamacardio.2016.5084
21. Karakas M, Waldeyer C, Ojeda F, et al. Iron deficiency independently and strongly predicts risk of cardiovascular death and myocardial infarction in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Circulation. 2016;134(Suppl. 1):A18474.
22. Zeller T, Waldeyer C, Ojeda F, et al. Adverse outcome prediction of iron deficiency in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Biomolecules. 2018;8:60. DOI:10.3390/biom8030060
23. Farhan S, Baber U, Mehran R. Anemia and acute coronary syndrome: time for intervention studies. J Am Heart Assoc. 2016;5(11):e004908. DOI:10.1161/jaha.116.004908
24. Bucholz EM, Strait KM, Dreyer RP, et al. Editor’s choice-sex differences in young patients with acute myocardial infarction: a VIRGO study analysis. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care. 2017;6:610-22. DOI:10.1177/2048872616661847
25. Shah AJ, Veledar E, Hong Y, et al. Depression and history of attempted suicide as risk factors for heart disease mortality in young individuals. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2011;68:1135-42. DOI:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.125
26. Rich-Edwards JW, Mason S, Rexrode K, et al. Physical and sexual abuse in childhood as predictors of early-onset cardiovascular events in women. Circulation. 2012;126:920-7. DOI:10.1161/circulationaha.111.076877
Авторы
О.В. Сагайдак*, Е.В. Ощепкова, И.Е. Чазова
ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр кардиологии им. акад. Е.И. Чазова» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия
*olesyasagaydak@gmail.com
Chazov National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
*olesyasagaydak@gmail.com
ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр кардиологии им. акад. Е.И. Чазова» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия
*olesyasagaydak@gmail.com
________________________________________________
Chazov National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
*olesyasagaydak@gmail.com
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