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Неврологические проявления гипопаратиреоза: сложности диагностики
DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2023.10.202429
© ООО «КОНСИЛИУМ МЕДИКУМ», 2023 г.
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Nuzhnyi EP, Antonova KV, Tanashyan MM, Illarioshkin SN. Neurological manifestations of hypoparathyroidism: diagnostic difficulties. Case report. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2023;95(10):864–869.
DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2023.10.202429
Материалы доступны только для специалистов сферы здравоохранения. Авторизуйтесь или зарегистрируйтесь.
Ключевые слова: гипопаратиреоз, гипокальциемия, синдром Фара, кальцификация базальных ядер, тетания, клиническая картина
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Hypoparathyroidism is a rare condition characterized by reduced production of parathyroid hormone or tissue resistance which leads to hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia. Neurological manifestations often occur as the first symptoms of hypoparathyroidism and are characterized by a wide variety of symptoms of both the central and peripheral nervous systems dysfunction, which requires a differential diagnosis with a wide range of neurological diseases. Two clinical cases illustrating the features of subacute and chronic hypoparathyroidism are presented. In the case of subacute hypoparathyroidism, a young woman presented with severe tetany involving the oculomotor muscles (paroxysmal strabismus), laryngeal muscles (respiratory stridor), body muscles (opisthotonus, «obstetrician's hand») and the development of secondary myopathy. In another case with a long-term chronic course of postoperative hypoparathyroidism, the patient's adaptation to severe hypocalcemia was noted; the clinical features were dominated by cerebral syndromes due to brain structures calcification (Fahr's syndrome). Possible reasons for late diagnosis of hypoparathyroidism, the importance of active detection of symptoms of neuromuscular hyperexcitability and laboratory testing of phosphorus and calcium metabolism are discussed.
Keywords: hypoparathyroidism, hypocalcemia, Fahr syndrome, basal ganglia calcification, tetany, clinical features
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DOI:10.1007/s11154-020-09614-0
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3. Mokrysheva NG, Eremkina AK, Kovaleva EV, et al. Modern problems of hyper- and hypoparathyroidism. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter Arkh). 2021;93(10):1149-54 (in Russian). DOI:10.26442/00403660.2021.10.201109
4. Underbjerg L, Sikjaer T, Mosekilde L, Rejnmark L. Postsurgical hypoparathyroidism – risk of fractures, psychiatric diseases, cancer, cataract, and infections. J Bone Miner Res. 2014;29(11):2504-10. DOI:10.1002/jbmr.2273
5. Cutolo M. Autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes. Autoimmun Rev. 2014;13(2):85-9. DOI:10.1016/j.autrev.2013.07.006
6. Chou CT, Siegel B, Mehta D. Stridor and apnea as the initial presentation of primary hypoparathyroidism. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2016;80:30-2. DOI:10.1016/j.ijporl.2015.11.023
7. Khoreva MA, Smagina IV. Basal ganglia calcification. Aetiopathogenesis, diagnostics, clinical manifestations. Russian Neurological Journal. 2020;25(4):4-13 (in Russian). DOI:10.30629/2658-7947-2020-25-4-4-13
8. Escudier A, Giabicani E, Neven B, et al. Paroxysmal strabismus and stridor acquired in childhood: Do not overlook calcemia! Arch Pediatr. 2020;27(2):104-6. DOI:10.1016/j.arcped.2019.12.006
9. Zambelis T, Licomanos D, Leonardos A, Potagas C. Neuromyotonia in idiopathic hypoparathyroidism. Neurol Sci. 2009;30(6):495-7. DOI:10.1007/s10072-009-0140-9
10. Dai CL, Sun ZJ, Zhang X, Qiu MC. Elevated muscle enzymes and muscle biopsy in idiopathic hypoparathyroidism patients. J Endocrinol Invest. 2012;35(3):286-9. DOI:10.3275/7679
11. Akmal M. Rhabdomyolysis in a patient with hypocalcemia due to hypoparathyroidism. Am J Nephrol. 1993;13(1):61-3. DOI:10.1159/000168590
12. Bilezikian JP. Hypoparathyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020;105(6):1722-36. DOI:10.1210/clinem/dgaa113
13. Donzuso G, Mostile G, Nicoletti A, Zappia M. Basal ganglia calcifications (Fahr's syndrome): related conditions and clinical features. Neurol Sci. 2019;40(11):2251-63. DOI:10.1007/s10072-019-03998-x
14. Cipriani C, Minisola S, Bilezikian JP, et al. Vertebral Fracture Assessment in Postmenopausal Women With Postsurgical Hypoparathyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021;106(5):1303-11. DOI:10.1210/clinem/dgab076
15. Silva BC, Bilezikian JP. Skeletal abnormalities in Hypoparathyroidism and in Primary Hyperparathyroidism. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2021;22(4):789-802.
DOI:10.1007/s11154-020-09614-0
ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии» Минобрнауки России, Москва, Россия
*enuzhny@mail.ru
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Evgenii P. Nuzhnyi*, Ksenia V. Antonova, Marine M. Tanashyan, Sergey N. Illarioshkin
Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia
*enuzhny@mail.ru