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Одышка у пациентов в постковидном периоде
Одышка у пациентов в постковидном периоде
Подзолков В.И., Ветлужская М.В., Медведев И.Д., Абрамова А.А., Кисленко Г.А. Одышка у пациентов в постковидном периоде. Терапевтический архив. 2024;96(7):706–712.
DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2024.07.202785
© ООО «КОНСИЛИУМ МЕДИКУМ», 2024 г.
DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2024.07.202785
© ООО «КОНСИЛИУМ МЕДИКУМ», 2024 г.
________________________________________________
Материалы доступны только для специалистов сферы здравоохранения. Авторизуйтесь или зарегистрируйтесь.
Аннотация
Новая коронавирусная инфекция (COVID-19) может приводить к возникновению отдаленных последствий, в частности к постковидному синдрому, одним из частых проявлений которого является одышка. В постковидный период одышка может сохраняться от одного до нескольких месяцев и, возможно, лет, существенно влияя на качество жизни пациентов. В обзоре рассмотрены возможные факторы риска и причины одышки в постковидном периоде, включая повреждение легочной ткани, патологию сердечной-сосудистой системы, синдром гипервентиляции, дисфункцию вегетативной нервной системы, детренированность, анемию и пр. Представлен анализ ковид-ассоциированных причин одышки в зависимости от тяжести течения острой COVID-19. Показана важность мультидисциплинарного подхода в диагностике и лечении пациентов с одышкой после перенесенной COVID-19.
Ключевые слова: одышка, COVID-19, постковидный синдром, синдром гипервентиляции, постковидный легочный фиброз, синдром последствий интенсивной терапии
Keywords: dyspnea, COVID-19, post-COVID syndrome, hyperventilation syndrome, post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis, post intensive care syndrome
Ключевые слова: одышка, COVID-19, постковидный синдром, синдром гипервентиляции, постковидный легочный фиброз, синдром последствий интенсивной терапии
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Keywords: dyspnea, COVID-19, post-COVID syndrome, hyperventilation syndrome, post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis, post intensive care syndrome
Полный текст
Список литературы
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12. Wirth KJ, Scheibenbogen C. Pathophysiology of skeletal muscle disturbances in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS). J Transl Med. 2021;19(1):162. DOI:10.1186/s12967-021-02833-2
13. Bai C, Chotirmall SH, Rello J, et al. Updated guidance on the management of COVID-19: from an American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society coordinated International Task Force (29 July 2020). Eur Respir Rev. 2020;29(157). DOI:10.1183/16000617.0287-2020
14. Rinaldo RF, Mondoni M, Parazzini EM, et al. Deconditioning as main mechanism of impaired exercise response in COVID-19 survivors. Eur Respir J. 2021;58(2). DOI:10.1183/13993003.00870-2021
15. Jahn K, Sava M, Sommer G, et al. Exercise capacity impairment after COVID-19 pneumonia is mainly caused by deconditioning. Eur Respir J. 2022;59(1). DOI:10.1183/13993003.01136-2021
16. Gao Y, Chen R, Geng Q, et al. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing might be helpful for interpretation of impaired pulmonary function in recovered COVID-19 patients. Eur Respir J. 2021;57(1). DOI:10.1183/13993003.04265-2020
17. Halpert G, Amital H, Shoenfeld Y. Dysregulation of G protein-coupled receptors of the autonomic nervous system, adrenergic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, in patients with autoimmune dysautonomic-related disorders. Brain Behav Immun Health. 2020;4:100056. DOI:10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100056
18. Dotan A, Shoenfeld Y. Perspectives on vaccine induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia. J Autoimmun. 2021;121:102663. DOI:10.1016/j.jaut.2021.102663
19. Dotan A, Mahroum N, Bogdanos DP, Shoenfeld Y. COVID-19 as an infectome paradigm of autoimmunity. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2022;149(1):63-4. DOI:10.1016/j.jaci.2021.11.009
20. Wallukat G, Hohberger B, Wenzel K, et al. Functional autoantibodies against G-protein coupled receptors in patients with persistent Long-COVID-19 symptoms. J Transl Autoimmun. 2021;4:100100. DOI:10.1016/j.jtauto.2021.100100
21. Dotan A, David P, Arnheim D, Shoenfeld Y. The autonomic aspects of the post-COVID19 syndrome. Autoimmun Rev. 2022;21(5):103071. DOI:10.1016/j.autrev.2022.103071
22. Goodman BP, Khoury JA, Blair JE, Grill MF. COVID-19 Dysautonomia. Front Neurol. 2021;12:624968. DOI:10.3389/fneur.2021.624968
23. Ursini F, Ciaffi J, Mancarella L, et al. Fibromyalgia: a new facet of the post-COVID-19 syndrome spectrum? Results from a web-based survey. RMD Open. 2021;7(3). DOI:10.1136/rmdopen-2021-001735
24. Neuman A, Gunnbjörnsdottir M, Tunsäter A, et al. Dyspnea in relation to symptoms of anxiety and depression: A prospective population study. Respir Med. 2006;100(10):1843-9. DOI:10.1016/j.rmed.2006.01.016
25. Currow DC, Chang S, Reddel HK, et al. Breathlessness, Anxiety, Depression, and Function-The BAD-F Study: A Cross-Sectional and Population Prevalence Study in Adults. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2020;59(2):197-205.e2. DOI:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2019.09.021
26. Zeng N, Zhao YM, Yan W, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of long term physical and mental sequelae of COVID-19 pandemic: call for research priority and action. Mol Psychiatry. 2023;28(1):423-33. DOI:10.1038/s41380-022-01614-7
27. Premraj L, Kannapadi NV, Briggs J, et al. Mid and long-term neurological and neuropsychiatric manifestations of post-COVID-19 syndrome: A meta-analysis. J Neurol Sci. 2022;434:120162. DOI:10.1016/j.jns.2022.120162
28. Huerga Encabo H, Grey W, Garcia-Albornoz M, et al. Human Erythroid Progenitors Are Directly Infected by SARS-CoV-2: Implications for Emerging Erythropoiesis in Severe COVID-19 Patients. Stem Cell Reports. 2021;16(3):428-36. DOI:10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.02.001
29. Elahi S. Hematopoietic responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2022;79(3):187. DOI:10.1007/s00018-022-04220-6
30. Grau M, Ibershoff L, Zacher J, et al. Even patients with mild COVID-19 symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection show prolonged altered red blood cell morphology and rheological parameters. J Cell Mol Med. 2022;26(10):3022-30. DOI:10.1111/jcmm.17320
31. Cosic I, Cosic D, Loncarevic I. RRM Prediction of Erythrocyte Band3 Protein as Alternative Receptor for SARS-CoV-2. Virus Appl Sci. 2020;10(11):4053. DOI:10.3390/app10114053
32. AbouYabis AN, Bell GT. Hemolytic Anemia Complicating COVID-19 Infection. J Hematol. 2021;10(5):221-7. DOI:10.14740/jh906
33. Taherifard E, Taherifard E, Movahed H, Mousavi MR. Hematologic autoimmune disorders in the course of COVID-19: a systematic review of reported cases. Hematology. 2021;26(1):225-39. DOI:10.1080/16078454.2021.1881225
34. Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Kaushik A, et al. Hemolytic anemia in COVID-19. Ann Hematol. 2022;101(9):1887-95. DOI:10.1007/s00277-022-04907-7
35. Algassim AA, Elghazaly AA, Alnahdi AS, et al. Prognostic significance of hemoglobin level and autoimmune hemolytic anemia in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Ann Hematol.
2021;100(1):37-43. DOI:10.1007/s00277-020-04256-3
36. Suriawinata E, Mehta KJ. Iron and iron-related proteins in COVID-19. Clin Exp Med. 2023;23(4):969-91. DOI:10.1007/s10238-022-00851-y
37. Zhao K, Huang J, Dai D, et al. Serum Iron Level as a Potential Predictor of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Severity and Mortality: A Retrospective Study. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2020;7(7):ofaa250. DOI:10.1093/ofid/ofaa250
38. Nai A, Lorè NI, Pagani A, et al. Hepcidin levels predict Covid-19 severity and mortality in a cohort of hospitalized Italian patients. Am J Hematol. 2021;96(1):E32-5. DOI:10.1002/ajh.26027
39. Sonnweber T, Boehm A, Sahanic S, et al. Persisting alterations of iron homeostasis in COVID-19 are associated with non-resolving lung pathologies and poor patients' performance: a prospective observational cohort study. Respir Res. 2020;21(1):276. DOI:10.1186/s12931-020-01546-2
40. Jeng SS, Chen YH. Association of Zinc with Anemia. Nutrients. 2022;14(22). DOI:10.3390/nu14224918
41. Blanco JR, Cobos-Ceballos MJ, Navarro F, et al. Pulmonary long-term consequences of COVID-19 infections after hospital discharge. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2021;27(6):892-6. DOI:10.1016/j.cmi.2021.02.019
42. Hama Amin BJ, Kakamad FH, Ahmed GS, et al. Post COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis; a meta-analysis study. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2022;77:103590. DOI:10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103590
43. Antonio GE, Wong KT, Hui DS, et al. Thin-section CT in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome following hospital discharge: preliminary experience. Radiology. 2003;228(3):810-5. DOI:10.1148/radiol.2283030726
44. Das KM, Lee EY, Singh R, et al. Follow-up chest radiographic findings in patients with MERS-CoV after recovery. Indian J Radiol Imaging. 2017;27(3):342-9. DOI:10.4103/ijri.IJRI_469_16
45. Kharagezov DA, Lazutin YN, Mirzoyan EA, et al. Fibrosis of the lungs as a consequence of COVID-19. Literature review. Modern Problems of Science and Education. 2022;2:143 (in Russian). DOI:10.17513/spno.31592
46. Al-Ani F, Chehade S, Lazo-Langner A. Thrombosis risk associated with COVID-19 infection. A scoping review. Thromb Res. 2020;192:152-60. DOI:10.1016/j.thromres.2020.05.039
47. Lo Re V 3rd, Dutcher SK, Connolly JG, et al. Association of COVID-19 vs Influenza With Risk of Arterial and Venous Thrombotic Events Among Hospitalized Patients. JAMA. 2022;328(7):637-51. DOI:10.1001/jama.2022.13072
48. Li P, Zhao W, Kaatz S, et al. Factors Associated With Risk of Postdischarge Thrombosis in Patients With COVID-19. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(11):e2135397. DOI:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.35397
49. Ammirati E, Lupi L, Palazzini M, et al. Prevalence, Characteristics, and Outcomes of COVID-19-Associated Acute Myocarditis. Circulation. 2022;145(15):1123-39. DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.056817
50. Puntmann VO, Martin S, Shchendrygina A, et al. Long-term cardiac pathology in individuals with mild initial COVID-19 illness. Nat Med. 2022;28(10):2117-23.
DOI:10.1038/s41591-022-02000-0
51. Writing Committee, Gluckman TJ, Bhave NM, et al. 2022 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway on Cardiovascular Sequelae of COVID-19 in Adults: Myocarditis and Other Myocardial Involvement, Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection, and Return to Play: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Solution Se t Oversight Committee. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022;79(17):1717-56. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2022.02.003
52. Puntmann VO, Carerj ML, Wieters I, et al. Outcomes of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients Recently Recovered From Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). JAMA Cardiol. 2020;5(11):1265-73. DOI:10.1001/jamacardio.2020.3557
53. Karlstad Ø, Hovi P, Husby A, et al. SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination and Myocarditis in a Nordic Cohort Study of 23 Million Residents. JAMA Cardiol. 2022;7(6):600-12. DOI:10.1001/jamacardio.2022.0583
54. Luk A, Clarke B, Dahdah N, et al. Myocarditis and Pericarditis After COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination: Practical Considerations for Care Providers. Can J Cardiol.
2021;37(10):1629-34. DOI:10.1016/j.cjca.2021.08.001
55. Ruzieh M, Moustafa A, Sabbagh E, et al. Challenges in Treatment of Inappropriate Sinus Tachycardia. Curr Cardiol Rev. 2018;14(1):42-4. DOI:10.2174/1573403X13666171129183826
56. Podzolkov VI, Tarzimanova AI, Bragina AE, et al. Damage to the Cardiovascular System in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus Infection. Part 1: Predictors of the Development of an Unfavorable Prognosis. Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology. 2021;17(6):825-30 (in Russian). DOI:10.20996/1819-6446-2021-11-03
57. Belkin AA. Syndrome Effects of Intensive Therapy – Post Intensive Care Syndrome (PICS). Alexander Saltanov Intensive Care Herald. 2018;2:12-23 (in Russian).
DOI:10.21320/1818-474X-2018-2-12-23
58. Sankar K, Gould MK, Prescott HC. Psychological Morbidity After COVID-19 Critical Illness. Chest. 2023;163(1):139-47. DOI:10.1016/j.chest.2022.09.035
59. Imran J, Nasa P, Alexander L, et al. Psychological distress among survivors of moderate-to-critical COVID-19 illness: A multicentric prospective cross-sectional study. Indian J Psychiatry. 2021;63(3):285-9. DOI:10.4103/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_1074_20
60. Magnúsdóttir I, Lovik A, Unnarsdóttir AB, et al. Acute COVID-19 severity and mental health morbidity trajectories in patient populations of six nations: an observational study. Lancet Public Health. 2022;7(5):e406-16. DOI:10.1016/S2468-2667(22)00042-1
2. Parshall MB, Schwartzstein RM, Adams L, et al. An official American Thoracic Society statement: upd ate on the mechanisms, assessment, and management of dyspnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2012;185(4):435-52. DOI:10.1164/rccm.201111-2042ST
3. Cabrera Martimbianco AL, Pacheco RL, Bagattini ÂM, Riera R. Frequency, signs and symptoms, and criteria adopted for long COVID-19: A systematic review. Int J Clin Pract. 2021;75(10):e14357. DOI:10.1111/ijcp.14357
4. d'Ettorre G, Gentilini Cacciola E, Santinelli L, et al. Covid-19 sequelae in working age patients: A systematic review. J Med Virol. 2022;94(3):858-68. DOI:10.1002/jmv.27399
5. Статистика коронавируса в мире. Режим доступа: https://gogov.ru/covid-19/world. Ссылка активна на 26.12.2023 [Statistika koronavirusa v mire. Available at: https://gogov.ru/covid-19/world. Accessed: 26.12.2023 (in Russian)].
6. COVID-19 rapid guideline: managing the long-term effects of COVID-19. London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), 2020. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK567261. Accessed: 26.12.2023.
7. Cardiology, United States American College. COVID-19 Clinical Guidance for the Cardiovascular Care Team. Available at: https://www.acc.org/~/media/665AFA1E710B4B3293138D14BE8D1213.pdf. Accessed: 26.12.2023.
8. Wu Y, Xu X, Chen Z, et al. Nervous system involvement after infection with COVID-19 and other coronaviruses. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;87:18-22. DOI:10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.031
9. Zheng B, Daines L, Han Q, et al. Prevalence, risk factors and treatments for post-COVID-19 breathlessness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Respir Rev. 2022;31(166). DOI:10.1183/16000617.0071-2022
10. Awatade NT, Wark PAB, Chan ASL, et al. The Complex Association between COPD and COVID-19. J Clin Med. 2023;12(11). DOI:10.3390/jcm12113791
11. Wirth KJ, Scheibenbogen C. Dyspnea in Post-COVID Syndrome following Mild Acute COVID-19 Infections: Potential Causes and Consequences for a Therapeutic Approach. Medicina (Kaunas). 2022;58(3). DOI:10.3390/medicina58030419
12. Wirth KJ, Scheibenbogen C. Pathophysiology of skeletal muscle disturbances in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS). J Transl Med. 2021;19(1):162. DOI:10.1186/s12967-021-02833-2
13. Bai C, Chotirmall SH, Rello J, et al. Updated guidance on the management of COVID-19: from an American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society coordinated International Task Force (29 July 2020). Eur Respir Rev. 2020;29(157). DOI:10.1183/16000617.0287-2020
14. Rinaldo RF, Mondoni M, Parazzini EM, et al. Deconditioning as main mechanism of impaired exercise response in COVID-19 survivors. Eur Respir J. 2021;58(2). DOI:10.1183/13993003.00870-2021
15. Jahn K, Sava M, Sommer G, et al. Exercise capacity impairment after COVID-19 pneumonia is mainly caused by deconditioning. Eur Respir J. 2022;59(1). DOI:10.1183/13993003.01136-2021
16. Gao Y, Chen R, Geng Q, et al. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing might be helpful for interpretation of impaired pulmonary function in recovered COVID-19 patients. Eur Respir J. 2021;57(1). DOI:10.1183/13993003.04265-2020
17. Halpert G, Amital H, Shoenfeld Y. Dysregulation of G protein-coupled receptors of the autonomic nervous system, adrenergic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, in patients with autoimmune dysautonomic-related disorders. Brain Behav Immun Health. 2020;4:100056. DOI:10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100056
18. Dotan A, Shoenfeld Y. Perspectives on vaccine induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia. J Autoimmun. 2021;121:102663. DOI:10.1016/j.jaut.2021.102663
19. Dotan A, Mahroum N, Bogdanos DP, Shoenfeld Y. COVID-19 as an infectome paradigm of autoimmunity. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2022;149(1):63-4. DOI:10.1016/j.jaci.2021.11.009
20. Wallukat G, Hohberger B, Wenzel K, et al. Functional autoantibodies against G-protein coupled receptors in patients with persistent Long-COVID-19 symptoms. J Transl Autoimmun. 2021;4:100100. DOI:10.1016/j.jtauto.2021.100100
21. Dotan A, David P, Arnheim D, Shoenfeld Y. The autonomic aspects of the post-COVID19 syndrome. Autoimmun Rev. 2022;21(5):103071. DOI:10.1016/j.autrev.2022.103071
22. Goodman BP, Khoury JA, Blair JE, Grill MF. COVID-19 Dysautonomia. Front Neurol. 2021;12:624968. DOI:10.3389/fneur.2021.624968
23. Ursini F, Ciaffi J, Mancarella L, et al. Fibromyalgia: a new facet of the post-COVID-19 syndrome spectrum? Results from a web-based survey. RMD Open. 2021;7(3). DOI:10.1136/rmdopen-2021-001735
24. Neuman A, Gunnbjörnsdottir M, Tunsäter A, et al. Dyspnea in relation to symptoms of anxiety and depression: A prospective population study. Respir Med. 2006;100(10):1843-9. DOI:10.1016/j.rmed.2006.01.016
25. Currow DC, Chang S, Reddel HK, et al. Breathlessness, Anxiety, Depression, and Function-The BAD-F Study: A Cross-Sectional and Population Prevalence Study in Adults. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2020;59(2):197-205.e2. DOI:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2019.09.021
26. Zeng N, Zhao YM, Yan W, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of long term physical and mental sequelae of COVID-19 pandemic: call for research priority and action. Mol Psychiatry. 2023;28(1):423-33. DOI:10.1038/s41380-022-01614-7
27. Premraj L, Kannapadi NV, Briggs J, et al. Mid and long-term neurological and neuropsychiatric manifestations of post-COVID-19 syndrome: A meta-analysis. J Neurol Sci. 2022;434:120162. DOI:10.1016/j.jns.2022.120162
28. Huerga Encabo H, Grey W, Garcia-Albornoz M, et al. Human Erythroid Progenitors Are Directly Infected by SARS-CoV-2: Implications for Emerging Erythropoiesis in Severe COVID-19 Patients. Stem Cell Reports. 2021;16(3):428-36. DOI:10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.02.001
29. Elahi S. Hematopoietic responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2022;79(3):187. DOI:10.1007/s00018-022-04220-6
30. Grau M, Ibershoff L, Zacher J, et al. Even patients with mild COVID-19 symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection show prolonged altered red blood cell morphology and rheological parameters. J Cell Mol Med. 2022;26(10):3022-30. DOI:10.1111/jcmm.17320
31. Cosic I, Cosic D, Loncarevic I. RRM Prediction of Erythrocyte Band3 Protein as Alternative Receptor for SARS-CoV-2. Virus Appl Sci. 2020;10(11):4053. DOI:10.3390/app10114053
32. AbouYabis AN, Bell GT. Hemolytic Anemia Complicating COVID-19 Infection. J Hematol. 2021;10(5):221-7. DOI:10.14740/jh906
33. Taherifard E, Taherifard E, Movahed H, Mousavi MR. Hematologic autoimmune disorders in the course of COVID-19: a systematic review of reported cases. Hematology. 2021;26(1):225-39. DOI:10.1080/16078454.2021.1881225
34. Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Kaushik A, et al. Hemolytic anemia in COVID-19. Ann Hematol. 2022;101(9):1887-95. DOI:10.1007/s00277-022-04907-7
35. Algassim AA, Elghazaly AA, Alnahdi AS, et al. Prognostic significance of hemoglobin level and autoimmune hemolytic anemia in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Ann Hematol.
2021;100(1):37-43. DOI:10.1007/s00277-020-04256-3
36. Suriawinata E, Mehta KJ. Iron and iron-related proteins in COVID-19. Clin Exp Med. 2023;23(4):969-91. DOI:10.1007/s10238-022-00851-y
37. Zhao K, Huang J, Dai D, et al. Serum Iron Level as a Potential Predictor of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Severity and Mortality: A Retrospective Study. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2020;7(7):ofaa250. DOI:10.1093/ofid/ofaa250
38. Nai A, Lorè NI, Pagani A, et al. Hepcidin levels predict Covid-19 severity and mortality in a cohort of hospitalized Italian patients. Am J Hematol. 2021;96(1):E32-5. DOI:10.1002/ajh.26027
39. Sonnweber T, Boehm A, Sahanic S, et al. Persisting alterations of iron homeostasis in COVID-19 are associated with non-resolving lung pathologies and poor patients' performance: a prospective observational cohort study. Respir Res. 2020;21(1):276. DOI:10.1186/s12931-020-01546-2
40. Jeng SS, Chen YH. Association of Zinc with Anemia. Nutrients. 2022;14(22). DOI:10.3390/nu14224918
41. Blanco JR, Cobos-Ceballos MJ, Navarro F, et al. Pulmonary long-term consequences of COVID-19 infections after hospital discharge. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2021;27(6):892-6. DOI:10.1016/j.cmi.2021.02.019
42. Hama Amin BJ, Kakamad FH, Ahmed GS, et al. Post COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis; a meta-analysis study. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2022;77:103590. DOI:10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103590
43. Antonio GE, Wong KT, Hui DS, et al. Thin-section CT in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome following hospital discharge: preliminary experience. Radiology. 2003;228(3):810-5. DOI:10.1148/radiol.2283030726
44. Das KM, Lee EY, Singh R, et al. Follow-up chest radiographic findings in patients with MERS-CoV after recovery. Indian J Radiol Imaging. 2017;27(3):342-9. DOI:10.4103/ijri.IJRI_469_16
45. Харагезов Д.А., Лазутин Ю.Н., Мирзоян Э.А., и др. Фиброз легких как последствие COVID-19. Обзор литературы. Современные проблемы науки и образования. 2022;2:143 [Kharagezov DA, Lazutin YN, Mirzoyan EA, et al. Fibrosis of the lungs as a consequence of COVID-19. Literature review. Modern Problems of Science and Education. 2022;2:143 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.17513/spno.31592
46. Al-Ani F, Chehade S, Lazo-Langner A. Thrombosis risk associated with COVID-19 infection. A scoping review. Thromb Res. 2020;192:152-60. DOI:10.1016/j.thromres.2020.05.039
47. Lo Re V 3rd, Dutcher SK, Connolly JG, et al. Association of COVID-19 vs Influenza With Risk of Arterial and Venous Thrombotic Events Among Hospitalized Patients. JAMA. 2022;328(7):637-51. DOI:10.1001/jama.2022.13072
48. Li P, Zhao W, Kaatz S, et al. Factors Associated With Risk of Postdischarge Thrombosis in Patients With COVID-19. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(11):e2135397. DOI:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.35397
49. Ammirati E, Lupi L, Palazzini M, et al. Prevalence, Characteristics, and Outcomes of COVID-19-Associated Acute Myocarditis. Circulation. 2022;145(15):1123-39. DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.056817
50. Puntmann VO, Martin S, Shchendrygina A, et al. Long-term cardiac pathology in individuals with mild initial COVID-19 illness. Nat Med. 2022;28(10):2117-23.
DOI:10.1038/s41591-022-02000-0
51. Writing Committee, Gluckman TJ, Bhave NM, et al. 2022 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway on Cardiovascular Sequelae of COVID-19 in Adults: Myocarditis and Other Myocardial Involvement, Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection, and Return to Play: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Solution Se t Oversight Committee. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022;79(17):1717-56. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2022.02.003
52. Puntmann VO, Carerj ML, Wieters I, et al. Outcomes of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients Recently Recovered From Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). JAMA Cardiol. 2020;5(11):1265-73. DOI:10.1001/jamacardio.2020.3557
53. Karlstad Ø, Hovi P, Husby A, et al. SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination and Myocarditis in a Nordic Cohort Study of 23 Million Residents. JAMA Cardiol. 2022;7(6):600-12. DOI:10.1001/jamacardio.2022.0583
54. Luk A, Clarke B, Dahdah N, et al. Myocarditis and Pericarditis After COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination: Practical Considerations for Care Providers. Can J Cardiol.
2021;37(10):1629-34. DOI:10.1016/j.cjca.2021.08.001
55. Ruzieh M, Moustafa A, Sabbagh E, et al. Challenges in Treatment of Inappropriate Sinus Tachycardia. Curr Cardiol Rev. 2018;14(1):42-4. DOI:10.2174/1573403X13666171129183826
56. Подзолков В.И., Тарзиманова А.И., Брагина А.Е., и др. Поражение сердечно-сосудистой системы у больных с коронавирусной инфекцией SARS-CoV-2. Часть 1: предикторы развития неблагоприятного прогноза. Рациональная Фармакотерапия в Кардиологии. 2021;17(6):825-30 [Podzolkov VI, Tarzimanova AI, Bragina AE, et al. Damage to the Cardiovascular System in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus Infection. Part 1: Predictors of the Development of an Unfavorable Prognosis. Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology. 2021;17(6):825-30 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.20996/1819-6446-2021-11-03
57. Белкин А.А. Синдром последствий интенсивной терапии (ПИТ-синдром). Вестник интенсивной терапии им. А.И. Салтанова. 2018;2:12-23 [Belkin AA. Syndrome Effects of Intensive Therapy – Post Intensive Care Syndrome (PICS). Alexander Saltanov Intensive Care Herald. 2018;2:12-23 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.21320/1818-474X-2018-2-12-23
58. Sankar K, Gould MK, Prescott HC. Psychological Morbidity After COVID-19 Critical Illness. Chest. 2023;163(1):139-47. DOI:10.1016/j.chest.2022.09.035
59. Imran J, Nasa P, Alexander L, et al. Psychological distress among survivors of moderate-to-critical COVID-19 illness: A multicentric prospective cross-sectional study. Indian J Psychiatry. 2021;63(3):285-9. DOI:10.4103/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_1074_20
60. Magnúsdóttir I, Lovik A, Unnarsdóttir AB, et al. Acute COVID-19 severity and mental health morbidity trajectories in patient populations of six nations: an observational study. Lancet Public Health. 2022;7(5):e406-16. DOI:10.1016/S2468-2667(22)00042-1
________________________________________________
2. Parshall MB, Schwartzstein RM, Adams L, et al. An official American Thoracic Society statement: upd ate on the mechanisms, assessment, and management of dyspnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2012;185(4):435-52. DOI:10.1164/rccm.201111-2042ST
3. Cabrera Martimbianco AL, Pacheco RL, Bagattini ÂM, Riera R. Frequency, signs and symptoms, and criteria adopted for long COVID-19: A systematic review. Int J Clin Pract. 2021;75(10):e14357. DOI:10.1111/ijcp.14357
4. d'Ettorre G, Gentilini Cacciola E, Santinelli L, et al. Covid-19 sequelae in working age patients: A systematic review. J Med Virol. 2022;94(3):858-68. DOI:10.1002/jmv.27399
5. Statistika koronavirusa v mire. Available at: https://gogov.ru/covid-19/world. Accessed: 26.12.2023 (in Russian).
6. COVID-19 rapid guideline: managing the long-term effects of COVID-19. London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), 2020. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK567261. Accessed: 26.12.2023.
7. Cardiology, United States American College. COVID-19 Clinical Guidance for the Cardiovascular Care Team. Available at: https://www.acc.org/~/media/665AFA1E710B4B3293138D14BE8D1213.pdf. Accessed: 26.12.2023.
8. Wu Y, Xu X, Chen Z, et al. Nervous system involvement after infection with COVID-19 and other coronaviruses. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;87:18-22. DOI:10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.031
9. Zheng B, Daines L, Han Q, et al. Prevalence, risk factors and treatments for post-COVID-19 breathlessness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Respir Rev. 2022;31(166). DOI:10.1183/16000617.0071-2022
10. Awatade NT, Wark PAB, Chan ASL, et al. The Complex Association between COPD and COVID-19. J Clin Med. 2023;12(11). DOI:10.3390/jcm12113791
11. Wirth KJ, Scheibenbogen C. Dyspnea in Post-COVID Syndrome following Mild Acute COVID-19 Infections: Potential Causes and Consequences for a Therapeutic Approach. Medicina (Kaunas). 2022;58(3). DOI:10.3390/medicina58030419
12. Wirth KJ, Scheibenbogen C. Pathophysiology of skeletal muscle disturbances in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS). J Transl Med. 2021;19(1):162. DOI:10.1186/s12967-021-02833-2
13. Bai C, Chotirmall SH, Rello J, et al. Updated guidance on the management of COVID-19: from an American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society coordinated International Task Force (29 July 2020). Eur Respir Rev. 2020;29(157). DOI:10.1183/16000617.0287-2020
14. Rinaldo RF, Mondoni M, Parazzini EM, et al. Deconditioning as main mechanism of impaired exercise response in COVID-19 survivors. Eur Respir J. 2021;58(2). DOI:10.1183/13993003.00870-2021
15. Jahn K, Sava M, Sommer G, et al. Exercise capacity impairment after COVID-19 pneumonia is mainly caused by deconditioning. Eur Respir J. 2022;59(1). DOI:10.1183/13993003.01136-2021
16. Gao Y, Chen R, Geng Q, et al. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing might be helpful for interpretation of impaired pulmonary function in recovered COVID-19 patients. Eur Respir J. 2021;57(1). DOI:10.1183/13993003.04265-2020
17. Halpert G, Amital H, Shoenfeld Y. Dysregulation of G protein-coupled receptors of the autonomic nervous system, adrenergic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, in patients with autoimmune dysautonomic-related disorders. Brain Behav Immun Health. 2020;4:100056. DOI:10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100056
18. Dotan A, Shoenfeld Y. Perspectives on vaccine induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia. J Autoimmun. 2021;121:102663. DOI:10.1016/j.jaut.2021.102663
19. Dotan A, Mahroum N, Bogdanos DP, Shoenfeld Y. COVID-19 as an infectome paradigm of autoimmunity. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2022;149(1):63-4. DOI:10.1016/j.jaci.2021.11.009
20. Wallukat G, Hohberger B, Wenzel K, et al. Functional autoantibodies against G-protein coupled receptors in patients with persistent Long-COVID-19 symptoms. J Transl Autoimmun. 2021;4:100100. DOI:10.1016/j.jtauto.2021.100100
21. Dotan A, David P, Arnheim D, Shoenfeld Y. The autonomic aspects of the post-COVID19 syndrome. Autoimmun Rev. 2022;21(5):103071. DOI:10.1016/j.autrev.2022.103071
22. Goodman BP, Khoury JA, Blair JE, Grill MF. COVID-19 Dysautonomia. Front Neurol. 2021;12:624968. DOI:10.3389/fneur.2021.624968
23. Ursini F, Ciaffi J, Mancarella L, et al. Fibromyalgia: a new facet of the post-COVID-19 syndrome spectrum? Results from a web-based survey. RMD Open. 2021;7(3). DOI:10.1136/rmdopen-2021-001735
24. Neuman A, Gunnbjörnsdottir M, Tunsäter A, et al. Dyspnea in relation to symptoms of anxiety and depression: A prospective population study. Respir Med. 2006;100(10):1843-9. DOI:10.1016/j.rmed.2006.01.016
25. Currow DC, Chang S, Reddel HK, et al. Breathlessness, Anxiety, Depression, and Function-The BAD-F Study: A Cross-Sectional and Population Prevalence Study in Adults. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2020;59(2):197-205.e2. DOI:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2019.09.021
26. Zeng N, Zhao YM, Yan W, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of long term physical and mental sequelae of COVID-19 pandemic: call for research priority and action. Mol Psychiatry. 2023;28(1):423-33. DOI:10.1038/s41380-022-01614-7
27. Premraj L, Kannapadi NV, Briggs J, et al. Mid and long-term neurological and neuropsychiatric manifestations of post-COVID-19 syndrome: A meta-analysis. J Neurol Sci. 2022;434:120162. DOI:10.1016/j.jns.2022.120162
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Авторы
В.И. Подзолков, М.В. Ветлужская*, И.Д. Медведев, А.А. Абрамова, Г.А. Кисленко
ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет), Москва, Россия
*vetluzhskaya_m_v@staff.sechenov.ru
Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
*vetluzhskaya_m_v@staff.sechenov.ru
ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет), Москва, Россия
*vetluzhskaya_m_v@staff.sechenov.ru
________________________________________________
Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
*vetluzhskaya_m_v@staff.sechenov.ru
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