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Профилактика венозных тромбоэмболических осложнений у стационарных пациентов с язвенным колитом
© ООО «КОНСИЛИУМ МЕДИКУМ», 2025 г.
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Lishchinskaya AA, Knyazev OV, Kagramanova AV, Fadeeva NA, Dudina GA, Timanovskaya MYu, Noskova KK, Parfenov AI. Prevention of venous thromboembolic complications in patients with ulcerative colitis. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2025;97(2):128–136. DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2025.02.203120
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Цель. Провести сравнительную оценку совокупного риска развития ВТЭО у стационарных пациентов с язвенным колитом (ЯК) с первичной профилактикой и без первичной профилактики ВТЭО.
Материалы и методы. В 2020 г. антикоагулянтная терапия пациентам с ЯК осуществлялась в случае развития острого венозного тромбоза, а в 2022 г. первичная тромбопрофилактика у пациентов с ЯК с умеренным и высоким риском ВТЭО проводилась в соответствии с данными, полученными при ранее проведенном анализе факторов риска развития ВТЭО у пациентов с воспалительными заболеваниями кишечника, находящихся в стационаре. Профилактика ВТЭО пациентам с ЯК проводилась низкомолекулярным гепарином (НМГ) – надропарином кальция в дозе 0,3 мл (2850 МЕ антиХа) в сутки подкожно на протяжении всего пребывания в круглосуточном стационаре.
Результаты. В 2020 г. венозные тромбозы диагностированы у 16 (1,8%) пациентов с ЯК, из них венозные тромбозы нижних конечностей – у 3 (0,3%) пациентов, венозные тромбозы верхних конечностей – у 7 (0,8%), тромбоэмболия ветвей легочной артерии – у 2 (0,2%), сочетанные тромбозы – у 4 (0,5%). В 2022 г. венозные тромбозы диагностированы у 5 (0,5%) пациентов с ЯК, из них венозные тромбозы нижних конечностей – у 1 (0,1%) пациента, венозные тромбозы верхних конечностей – у 3 (0,3%), тромбоэмболия ветвей легочной артерии – у 1 (0,1%). Таким образом, первичная профилактика НМГ достоверно снижает риск ВТЭО у госпитализированных пациентов с ЯК (относительный риск 0,285, 95% доверительный интервал 0,103–0,774; χ2=6,917; p=0,009).
Заключение. Полученные нами результаты демонстрируют, что первичная профилактика НМГ достоверно снижает риск развития ВТЭО у госпитализированных в круглосуточный стационар пациентов с ЯК.
Ключевые слова: воспалительные заболевания кишечника, венозные тромбоэмболические осложнения, факторы риска, профилактика, язвенный колит
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Background. The incidence of venous thromboembolic complications (VTEC) in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases is approximately 3 times higher than in the general population and leads to a 2-fold increase in the risk of mortality. The risk of VTEC is the highest during the patient's hospital stay.
Aim. To compare the overall VTEC risk in inpatients with ulcerative colitis (UC) with and without VTEC primary prevention.
Materials and methods. In 2020, anticoagulant therapy was used for patients with UC in the case of acute venous thrombosis, and in 2022, primary thromboprophylaxis in patients with UC with moderate and high VTEC risk was based on the data obtained from the previous analysis of VTEC risk factors in inpatients with inflammatory bowel diseases. VTEC prophylaxis in UC patients was performed with a low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) – calcium nadroparin – at a dose of 0.3 mL (2850 IU anti-Xa) per day subcutaneously throughout the stay in the round-the-clock hospital.
Results. In 2020, venous thrombosis was diagnosed in 16 (1.8%) patients with UC, including venous thrombosis of the lower extremities in 3 (0.3%) patients, venous thrombosis of the upper extremities in 7 (0.8%), pulmonary embolism in 2 (0.2%), and combined thrombosis in 4 (0.5%). In 2022, venous thrombosis was diagnosed in 5 (0.5%) patients with UC, including venous thrombosis of the lower extremities in 1 (0.1%) patient, venous thrombosis of the upper extremities in 3 (0.3%), and pulmonary embolism in 1 (0.1%). Thus, primary prevention with an LMWH significantly reduces the risk of VTEC in hospitalized patients with UC (relative risk 0.285, 95% confidence interval 0.103–0.774; χ2=6.917; p=0.009).
Conclusion. Our results demonstrate that primary prevention with an LMWH significantly reduces the risk of VTEC in patients with UC hospitalized in a round-the-clock hospital.
Keywords: inflammatory bowel diseases, venous thromboembolic complications, risk factors, prevention, ulcerative colitis
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8. Celasco G, Papa A, Jones R, et al. Clinical trial: oral colon-release parnaparin sodium tablets (CB-01-05 MMX) for active left-sided ulcerative colitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2010;31:375-86. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2009.04194.x
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19. Barbar S, Noventa F, Rossetto V, et al. A risk assessment model for the identification of hospitalized medical patients at risk for venous thromboembolism: the Padua Prediction Score. J Thromb Haemost. 2010;8(11):2450-7. DOI:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.04044.x
20. Kaddourah O, Numan L, Jeepalyam S, et al. Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in inflammatory bowel disease flare-ups. Ann Gastroenterol. 2019;32(6):578-83. DOI:10.20524/aog.2019.0412
21. Papa A, Papa V, Marzo M, et al. Prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism in patients with IBD: a trail still climbing. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2015;21(5):1204-13. DOI:10.1097/MIB.0000000000000310
22. Faye AS, Hung KW, Cheng K, et al. Minor hematochezia decreases use of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2020;26:1394-400. DOI:10.1093/ibd/izz269
23. Ra G, Thanabalan R, Ratneswaran S, Nguyen GC. Predictors and safety of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis among hospitalized inflammatory bowel disease patients. J Crohns Colitis. 2013;7(10):e479-85. DOI:10.1016/j.crohns.2013.03.002
24. Murthy SK, Robertson McCurdy AC, Carrier M, McCurdy JD. Venous thromboembolic events in inflammatory bowel diseases: A review of current evidence and guidance on risk in the post-hospitalization setting. Thromb Res. 2020;194:26-32. DOI:10.1016/j.thromres.2020.06.005
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1. Suárez Ferrer C, Vera Mendoza MI, Amo San Román L, et al. Risk of thromboembolic phenomena in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012;35:634-9. DOI:10.1016/j.gastrohep.2012.07.003
2. Barnes EL, Lightner AL, Regueiro M. Peri-operative and post-operative management of patients with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;18:1356-66. DOI:10.1016/j.cgh.2019.09.040
3. Lysov NA, Osadchuk MM, Osadchuk AM, et al. Venous thromboembolic complications in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. The current state of the problem. Bulletin of the Medical Institute "REAVIZ". 2019;6:44-55 (in Russian). DOI:10.18565/pharmateca.2019.2.10-19
4. Bokeria LA, Zatevakhin II, Kiriyenko AI, et al. Russian clinical guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of venous thromboembolic complications (VTEC). Phlebology. 2015;9(4–2):1-52 (in Russian).
5. Dentali F, Douketis JD, Gianni M, et al. Meta-analysis: anticoagulant prophylaxis to prevent symptomatic venous thromboembolism in hospitalized medical patients. Ann Intern Med. 2007;146:278-88. DOI:10.7326/0003-4819-146-4-200702200-00007
6. Grainge MJ, West J, Card TR. Venous thromboembolism during active disease and remission in inflammatory bowel disease: a cohort study. Lancet. 2010;375:657-63. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61963-2
7. Nguyen GC, Bernstein CN, Bitton A, et al. Consensus Statements on the Risk, Prevention, and Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Canadian Association of Gastroenterology. Gastroenterology. 2014;146:835-48. DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2014.01.042
8. Celasco G, Papa A, Jones R, et al. Clinical trial: oral colon-release parnaparin sodium tablets (CB-01-05 MMX) for active left-sided ulcerative colitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2010;31:375-86. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2009.04194.x
9. Turner D, Ruemmele FM, Orlanski-Meyer E, et al. Management of paediatric ulcerative colitis, part 2: acute severe colitis-an evidence-based consensus guideline from the European Crohn’s and Colitis Organization and the European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2018;67(2):292-310. DOI:10.1097/MPG.0000000000002036
10. Caprini JA. Risk assessment as a guide to thrombosis prophylaxis. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2010;16:448-52. DOI:10.1097/MCP.0b013e32833c3d3e
11. Rubin DT, Ananthakrishnan AN, Siegel CA, et al. ACG clinical guideline: ulcerative colitis in adults. Am J Gastroenterol. 2019;114(3):384-413. DOI:10.14309/ajg.0000000000000152
12. Alkim H, Koksal AR, Boga S, et al. Etiopathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment of Thromboembolism in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2017;23(6):501-10. DOI:10.1177/1076029616632906
13. Lishchinskaya AA, Knyazev OV, Kagramanova AV, et al. Frequency and risk factors for thromboembolic complications in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2022;94(2):172-9 (in Russian). DOI:10.26442/00403660.2022.02.201367
14. Shelygin YuA, Ivashkin VT, Belousova EA, et al. Ulcerative colitis (K51), adults. Koloproktologia. 2023;22(1):10-44 (in Russian). DOI:10.33878/2073-7556-2023-22-1-10-44
15. Stomenskaya IS, Kostrova OYu, Struchko GYu, Timofeeva NYu. Thromboelastometry – a method of laboratory diagnosis of hemostasis disorders. Medical Almanac. 2017;2:96-8 (in Russian). DOI:10.47026/2413-4864-2021-3-18-25
16. Grzybovsky AM, Ivanov SV, Gorbatova MA, Dyusupov AA. Pseudorandomization (propensity score matching) as a modern statistical method for eliminating systematic differences between the compared groups in the analysis of quantitative outcomes in observational studies. Human Ecology. 2016;7:51-60 (in Russian).
17. Kahn SR, Lim W, Dunn AS, et al. Prevention of VTE in nonsurgical patients: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest. 2012;141(2 Suppl.):e195S-226S. DOI:10.1378/chest.11-2296
18. Chopard P, Spirk D, Bounameaux H. Identifying acutely ill medical patients requiring thromboprophylaxis. J Thromb Haemost. 2006;4(4):915-6. DOI:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2006.01818.x
19. Barbar S, Noventa F, Rossetto V, et al. A risk assessment model for the identification of hospitalized medical patients at risk for venous thromboembolism: the Padua Prediction Score. J Thromb Haemost. 2010;8(11):2450-7. DOI:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.04044.x
20. Kaddourah O, Numan L, Jeepalyam S, et al. Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in inflammatory bowel disease flare-ups. Ann Gastroenterol. 2019;32(6):578-83. DOI:10.20524/aog.2019.0412
21. Papa A, Papa V, Marzo M, et al. Prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism in patients with IBD: a trail still climbing. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2015;21(5):1204-13. DOI:10.1097/MIB.0000000000000310
22. Faye AS, Hung KW, Cheng K, et al. Minor hematochezia decreases use of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2020;26:1394-400. DOI:10.1093/ibd/izz269
23. Ra G, Thanabalan R, Ratneswaran S, Nguyen GC. Predictors and safety of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis among hospitalized inflammatory bowel disease patients. J Crohns Colitis. 2013;7(10):e479-85. DOI:10.1016/j.crohns.2013.03.002
24. Murthy SK, Robertson McCurdy AC, Carrier M, McCurdy JD. Venous thromboembolic events in inflammatory bowel diseases: A review of current evidence and guidance on risk in the post-hospitalization setting. Thromb Res. 2020;194:26-32. DOI:10.1016/j.thromres.2020.06.005
1ГБУЗ «Московский клинический научно-практический центр им. А.С. Логинова» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы, Москва, Россия;
2ГБУ «Научно-исследовательский институт организации здравоохранения и медицинского менеджмента» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы, Москва, Россия;
3ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия
*oleg7@bk.ru
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Albina A. Lishchinskaya1, Oleg V. Knyazev*1, Anna V. Kagramanova1, Nina A. Fadeeva1–3, Galina A. Dudina1, Maria Yu. Timanovskaya1, Karina K. Noskova1, Asfold I. Parfenov1
1Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center, Moscow, Russia;
2Research Institute of Health Organization and Medical Management, Moscow, Russia;
3Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia
*oleg7@bk.ru