Микробиота кишечника. Исторический очерк и роль в нефрологии - Журнал Терапевтический архив №6 Вопросы нефрологии 2025

Микробиота кишечника. Исторический очерк и роль в нефрологии

Нежданов К.С., Милованова Л.Ю., Милованова С.Ю., Таранова М.В., Волков А.В., Андросова Т.В. Микробиота кишечника. Исторический очерк и роль в нефрологии. Терапевтический архив. 2025;97(6):528–533. DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2025.06.203251

© ООО «КОНСИЛИУМ МЕДИКУМ», 2025 г.

________________________________________________

Nezhdanov KS, Milovanova LYu, Milovanova SYu, Taranova MV, Volkov AV, Androsova TV. Gut microbiota: Historical essay and role in nephrology. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2025;97(6):528–533. DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2025.06.203251

Читать PDF

Аннотация

В статье освещены основные этапы исследования микробиоты (МБ) кишечника начиная с Древних времен до настоящего времени, рассматриваются особенности взаимодействия между кишечной МБ и почечными заболеваниями – ось «кишечник – почки». Считается, что впервые МБ упоминается в одном из трактатов Аюрведы «Чарака-Самхита» (700–100 лет до н.э.), а первое использование пробиотиков упоминается в Древнем Китае (1000 лет до н.э.). В 1670-х годах Антони ван Левенгук с помощью усовершенствованного микроскопа описал простейших и бактерии, в том числе и кишечную МБ. В дальнейшем, параллельно с открытиями Луи Пастера и Роберта Коха, шло изучение МБ кишечника, в котором важную роль играют исследования Теодора Эшериха, Анри Тиссье и наших соотечественников С.Н. Виноградского и И.И. Мечникова. Следующий этап в изучении МБ кишечника относится к 1994 г. – началу использования секвенирования 16s рРНК, метаисследований и организации глобальных проектов по изучению МБ – Human Microbiome Project и METAgenomics of the Human Intestinal Tract, целью которых является изучение ее состава и взаимодействия с организмом. Пример такого взаимодействия – ось «кишечник – почки», которая отражает метаболическую связь почек и МБ кишечника. В рамках данной оси в настоящее время исследуются потенциальные терапевтические возможности про-, пребиотиков и синбиотиков при заболеваниях почек. Однако, несмотря на успехи в данной области, требуются дальнейшие исследования для разработки оптимальной стратегии по коррекции нарушений микробиоты, в том числе и при хронических заболеваниях почек.

Ключевые слова: микробиота кишечника, ось «кишечник – почки», хроническая болезнь почек

________________________________________________

The article covers the main stages of intestinal microbiota (MB) research from ancient to modern times and addresses the features of the interaction between intestinal MB and renal diseases, the gut-kidney axis. It is believed that for the first time, MB was mentioned in one of the treatises of Ayurveda, “Caraka-Samhitā” (700–100 BC), and the first use of probiotics was mentioned in Ancient China (1000 BC). In the 1670s, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, using an advanced microscope, described protozoa and bacteria, including intestinal MB. Later, in parallel with the discoveries of Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch, intestinal MB was a subject for research, with studies by Theodor Escherich, Henri Tissier, and our compatriots S.N. Vinogradsky and I.I. Mechnikov playing an important role. The next stage in the study of intestinal MB dates back to 1994 with the beginning of the use of 16s rRNA sequencing, metascience, and the organization of global projects for the MB study, the Human Microbiome Project and METAgenomics of the Human Intestinal Tract, the purpose of which is to study its composition and interaction with the body. An example of such an interaction is the gut-kidney axis, which reflects the metabolic relationship of the kidneys and intestinal MB. Within the context of this axis, the potential therapeutic possibilities of pro-, prebiotics and synbiotics in kidney diseases are investigated. However, despite advances in the field, further research is needed to develop of the most optimal strategy for correcting microbiota disorders, including in chronic kidney diseases.

Keywords: intestinal microbiota, gut-kidney axis, chronic kidney disease

Полный текст

Материалы доступны только для специалистов сферы здравоохранения.
Чтобы посмотреть материал полностью Авторизуйтесь или зарегистрируйтесь.

Список литературы

1. Lederberg J, McCray AT. ’Ome Sweet’omics – A genealogical treasury of words. Scientist. 2001;15(7):8.
2. Fan Y, Pedersen O. Gut microbiota in human metabolic health and disease. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2021;19(1):55-71. DOI:10.1038/s41579-020-0433-9
3. Saini S, Porte MS. Ayurvedic aspect of bacteria and bacterial food poisoning. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2015;6(6):2281-90. DOI:10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.6(6).2281-90
4. Kuhad U, Goel G, Maurya PK, Kuhad RC. Sukshmjeevanu in Vedas: The forgotten past of microbiology in Indian Vedic knowledge. Indian J Microbiol. 2021;61:108-10. DOI:10.1007/s12088-020-00911-5
5. Zhang F, Luo W, Shi Y, et al. Should we standardize the 1,700-year-old fecal microbiota transplantation? Am J Gastroenterol. 2012;107(11):1755. DOI:10.1038/ajg.2012.251
6. Leung PC, Cheng KF. Fecal microbiota transplantation: Historical review and current perspective. World J Meta-Anal. 2019;7(9):423-7. DOI:10.13105/wjma.v7.i9.423
7. Ottogalli G, Testolin G. Dairy products. In: Spiller GA, ed. The mediterranean diets in health and disease. Boston, MA: Springer, 1991.
8. Cruchet S, Furnes R, Maruy A, et al. The use of probiotics in pediatric gastroenterology: A review of the literature and recommendations by Latin-American experts. Pediatr Drugs. 2015;17(3):199-216. DOI:10.1007/s40272-015-0124-6
9. Prioreschi P. A history of medicine / Plinio Prioreschi. Lewiston, N.Y.: Edwin Mellen Press, 1991.
10. Robertson LA. Antoni van Leeuwenhoek 1723–2023: A review to commemorate Van Leeuwenhoek’s death, 300 years ago: For submission to Antonie van Leeuwenhoek journal of microbiology. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 2023;116(10):919-35. DOI:10.1007/s10482-023-01859-4
11. Goodsir J, Wilson G. History of a case in which a fluid periodically ejected from the stomach contained vegetable organisms of an undescribed form. Edinb Med Surg J. 1842;57(151):430-43. PMID:30330668
12. Leidy J. A flora and fauna within living animals (excerpt), Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge (1853). In: Resetarits CR, ed. An anthology of nineteenth-century American science writing. London: Anthem Press, 2012.
13. Berche P. Louis Pasteur, from crystals of life to vaccination. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2012;18(Suppl. 5):1-6. DOI:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2012.03945.x
14. Blevins SM, Bronze MS. Robert Koch and the ‘golden age’ of bacteriology. Int J Infect Dis. 2010;14(9):e744-51. DOI:10.1016/j.ijid.2009.12.003
15. Lionel S. The microscope, in its application to practical medicine. N Am Medchir Rev. 1859;3(4):611-5. PMCID:PMC10340930
16. Hallier E. Die Parasiten Der Infektionskrankheiten Bei Menschen, Thieren Und Pflanzen: Für Naturforscher, Mediciner, Land-u. Forstwirthe Und Gärtner Geschildert von Ernst Hallier. Verlag, 1878. Vol. 1.
17. Shulman ST, Friedmann HC, Sims RH. Theodor Escherich: The first pediatric infectious diseases physician? Clin Infect Dis. 2007;45(8):1025-9. DOI:10.1086/521946
18. Dworkin M. Sergei Winogradsky: A founder of modern microbiology and the first microbial ecologist. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2012;36(2):364-79. DOI:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2011.00299.x
19. Tissier MH. La reaction chromophile d’Escherich et le Bacterium coli. CR Soc Biol. 1899;51:943-5.
20. Бордин Д.С., Шенгелия М.И., Иванова В.А., Войнован И.Н. История открытия бактерии Helicobacter pylori. Терапевтический архив. 2022;94(2):283-8 [Bordin DS, Shengelia MI, Ivanova VA, Voynovan IN. The history of the discovery of the Helicobacter pylori. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2022;94(2):283-8 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.26442/00403660.2022.02.201377
21. Underhill DM, Gordon S, Imhof BA, et al. Élie Metchnikoff (1845–1916): Celebrating 100 years of cellular immunology and beyond. Nat Rev Immunol. 2016;16(10):651-6. DOI:10.1038/nri.2016.89
22. Sonnenborn U. Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 – From bench to bedside and back: History of a special Escherichia coli strain with probiotic properties. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 2016;363(19):fnw212. DOI:10.1093/femsle/fnw212
23. Senator H. Über ein Fall von Hydrothionamie und über Selbstinfektion durch abnorme Verdauungsvorgänge. Berl Klin Wochenschr. 1868;5:254-6.
24. Dubos R, Schaedler RW, Costello R, Hoet P. Indigenous, normal, and autochthonous flora of the gastrointestinal tract. J Exp Med. 1965;122(1):67-76. PMID:14325474
25. Schaedler RW, Dubs R, Costello R. Association of germfree mice with bacteria isolated from normal mice. J Exp Med. 1965;122(1):77-82. PMID:14325475
26. Goldman P, Peppercorn MA, Goldin BR. Metabolism of drugs by microorganisms in the intestine. Am J Clin Nutr. 1974;27(11):1348-55. PMID:4155602
27. Wilson KH, Blitchington RB. Human colonic biota studied by ribosomal DNA sequence analysis. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1996;62(7):2273-8. PMID:8779565
28. Zoetendal EG, Akkermans AD, De Vos WM. Temperature gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of 16S rRNA from human fecal samples reveals stable and host-specific communities of active bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1998;64(10):3854-9. PMID:9758810
29. NIH Human Microbiome Portfolio Analysis Team. A review of 10 years of human microbiome research activities at the US National Institutes of Health, fiscal years 2007–2016. Microbiome. 2019;7(1):31. DOI:10.1186/s40168-019-0620-y
30. Ehrlich SD. MetaHIT: The European Union Project on metagenomics of the human intestinal tract. In: Nelson KE, ed. Metagenomics of the human body. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. DOI:10.1007/978-1-4419-7089-3_15
31. Klaassens ES, de Vos WM, Vaughan EE. Metaproteomics approach to study the functionality of the microbiota in the human infant gastrointestinal tract. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2007;73(4):1388-92. DOI:10.1128/AEM.01921-06
32. Perez-Carrasco V, Soriano-Lerma A, Soriano M, et al. Urinary microbiome: Yin and yang of the urinary tract. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2021;11:617002. DOI:10.3389/fcimb.2021.617002
33. Tang Z, Yu S, Pan Y. The gut microbiome tango in the progression of chronic kidney disease and potential therapeutic strategies. J Transl Med. 2023;21(1):689. DOI:10.1186/s12967-023-04455-2
34. El Chamieh C, Liabeuf S, Massy Z. Uremic toxins and cardiovascular risk in chronic kidney disease: What have we learned recently beyond the past findings? Toxins (Basel). 2022;14(4):280. DOI:10.3390/toxins14040280
35. Aragón IM, Herrera-Imbroda B, Queipo-Ortuño MI, et al. The urinary tract microbiome in health and disease. Eur Urol Focus. 2018;4(1):128-38. DOI:10.1016/j.euf.2016.11.001
36. Stavropoulou E, Kantartzi K, Tsigalou C, et al. Focus on the gut-kidney axis in health and disease. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021;7:620102. DOI:10.3389/fmed.2020.620102
37. Castillo-Rodriguez E, Fernandez-Prado R, Esteras R, et al. Impact of altered intestinal microbiota on chronic kidney disease progression. Toxins (Basel). 2018;10(7):300. DOI:10.3390/toxins10070300
38. Liu W, Huang J, Liu T, et al. Changes in gut microbial community upon chronic kidney disease. PloS One. 2023;18(3):e0283389. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0283389
39. Poulakou-Rebelakou E, Marketos SG. Kidney disease in byzantine medical texts. Am J Nephrol. 1999;19(2):172-6. DOI:10.1159/000013446
40. Loying R, Kalita J, Manna P. Rice-based alcoholic fermented beverages of North-East India: Insight into ethnic preparation, microbial intervention, ethnobotany, and health benefits. J Food Biochem. 2024;260:1-23. DOI:10.1155/2024/7769743
41. Fagundes RAB, Soder TF, Grokoski KC, et al. Probiotics in the treatment of chronic kidney disease: A systematic review. J Bras Nefrol. 2018;40(3):278-86. DOI:10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-3931
42. Sumida K, Pierre JF, Yuzefpolskaya M, et al. Gut microbiota-targeted interventions in the management of chronic kidney disease. Semin Nephrol. 2023;43(2):151408. DOI:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2023.151408

________________________________________________

1. Lederberg J, McCray AT. ’Ome Sweet’omics – A genealogical treasury of words. Scientist. 2001;15(7):8.
2. Fan Y, Pedersen O. Gut microbiota in human metabolic health and disease. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2021;19(1):55-71. DOI:10.1038/s41579-020-0433-9
3. Saini S, Porte MS. Ayurvedic aspect of bacteria and bacterial food poisoning. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2015;6(6):2281-90. DOI:10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.6(6).2281-90
4. Kuhad U, Goel G, Maurya PK, Kuhad RC. Sukshmjeevanu in Vedas: The forgotten past of microbiology in Indian Vedic knowledge. Indian J Microbiol. 2021;61:108-10. DOI:10.1007/s12088-020-00911-5
5. Zhang F, Luo W, Shi Y, et al. Should we standardize the 1,700-year-old fecal microbiota transplantation? Am J Gastroenterol. 2012;107(11):1755. DOI:10.1038/ajg.2012.251
6. Leung PC, Cheng KF. Fecal microbiota transplantation: Historical review and current perspective. World J Meta-Anal. 2019;7(9):423-7. DOI:10.13105/wjma.v7.i9.423
7. Ottogalli G, Testolin G. Dairy products. In: Spiller GA, ed. The mediterranean diets in health and disease. Boston, MA: Springer, 1991.
8. Cruchet S, Furnes R, Maruy A, et al. The use of probiotics in pediatric gastroenterology: A review of the literature and recommendations by Latin-American experts. Pediatr Drugs. 2015;17(3):199-216. DOI:10.1007/s40272-015-0124-6
9. Prioreschi P. A history of medicine / Plinio Prioreschi. Lewiston, N.Y.: Edwin Mellen Press, 1991.
10. Robertson LA. Antoni van Leeuwenhoek 1723–2023: A review to commemorate Van Leeuwenhoek’s death, 300 years ago: For submission to Antonie van Leeuwenhoek journal of microbiology. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 2023;116(10):919-35. DOI:10.1007/s10482-023-01859-4
11. Goodsir J, Wilson G. History of a case in which a fluid periodically ejected from the stomach contained vegetable organisms of an undescribed form. Edinb Med Surg J. 1842;57(151):430-43. PMID:30330668
12. Leidy J. A flora and fauna within living animals (excerpt), Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge (1853). In: Resetarits CR, ed. An anthology of nineteenth-century American science writing. London: Anthem Press, 2012.
13. Berche P. Louis Pasteur, from crystals of life to vaccination. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2012;18(Suppl. 5):1-6. DOI:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2012.03945.x
14. Blevins SM, Bronze MS. Robert Koch and the ‘golden age’ of bacteriology. Int J Infect Dis. 2010;14(9):e744-51. DOI:10.1016/j.ijid.2009.12.003
15. Lionel S. The microscope, in its application to practical medicine. N Am Medchir Rev. 1859;3(4):611-5. PMCID:PMC10340930
16. Hallier E. Die Parasiten Der Infektionskrankheiten Bei Menschen, Thieren Und Pflanzen: Für Naturforscher, Mediciner, Land-u. Forstwirthe Und Gärtner Geschildert von Ernst Hallier. Verlag, 1878. Vol. 1.
17. Shulman ST, Friedmann HC, Sims RH. Theodor Escherich: The first pediatric infectious diseases physician? Clin Infect Dis. 2007;45(8):1025-9. DOI:10.1086/521946
18. Dworkin M. Sergei Winogradsky: A founder of modern microbiology and the first microbial ecologist. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2012;36(2):364-79. DOI:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2011.00299.x
19. Tissier MH. La reaction chromophile d’Escherich et le Bacterium coli. CR Soc Biol. 1899;51:943-5.
20. Bordin DS, Shengelia MI, Ivanova VA, Voynovan IN. The history of the discovery of the Helicobacter pylori. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2022;94(2):283-8 (in Russian). DOI:10.26442/00403660.2022.02.201377
21. Underhill DM, Gordon S, Imhof BA, et al. Élie Metchnikoff (1845–1916): Celebrating 100 years of cellular immunology and beyond. Nat Rev Immunol. 2016;16(10):651-6. DOI:10.1038/nri.2016.89
22. Sonnenborn U. Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 – From bench to bedside and back: History of a special Escherichia coli strain with probiotic properties. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 2016;363(19):fnw212. DOI:10.1093/femsle/fnw212
23. Senator H. Über ein Fall von Hydrothionamie und über Selbstinfektion durch abnorme Verdauungsvorgänge. Berl Klin Wochenschr. 1868;5:254-6.
24. Dubos R, Schaedler RW, Costello R, Hoet P. Indigenous, normal, and autochthonous flora of the gastrointestinal tract. J Exp Med. 1965;122(1):67-76. PMID:14325474
25. Schaedler RW, Dubs R, Costello R. Association of germfree mice with bacteria isolated from normal mice. J Exp Med. 1965;122(1):77-82. PMID:14325475
26. Goldman P, Peppercorn MA, Goldin BR. Metabolism of drugs by microorganisms in the intestine. Am J Clin Nutr. 1974;27(11):1348-55. PMID:4155602
27. Wilson KH, Blitchington RB. Human colonic biota studied by ribosomal DNA sequence analysis. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1996;62(7):2273-8. PMID:8779565
28. Zoetendal EG, Akkermans AD, De Vos WM. Temperature gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of 16S rRNA from human fecal samples reveals stable and host-specific communities of active bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1998;64(10):3854-9. PMID:9758810
29. NIH Human Microbiome Portfolio Analysis Team. A review of 10 years of human microbiome research activities at the US National Institutes of Health, fiscal years 2007–2016. Microbiome. 2019;7(1):31. DOI:10.1186/s40168-019-0620-y
30. Ehrlich SD. MetaHIT: The European Union Project on metagenomics of the human intestinal tract. In: Nelson KE, ed. Metagenomics of the human body. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. DOI:10.1007/978-1-4419-7089-3_15
31. Klaassens ES, de Vos WM, Vaughan EE. Metaproteomics approach to study the functionality of the microbiota in the human infant gastrointestinal tract. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2007;73(4):1388-92. DOI:10.1128/AEM.01921-06
32. Perez-Carrasco V, Soriano-Lerma A, Soriano M, et al. Urinary microbiome: Yin and yang of the urinary tract. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2021;11:617002. DOI:10.3389/fcimb.2021.617002
33. Tang Z, Yu S, Pan Y. The gut microbiome tango in the progression of chronic kidney disease and potential therapeutic strategies. J Transl Med. 2023;21(1):689. DOI:10.1186/s12967-023-04455-2
34. El Chamieh C, Liabeuf S, Massy Z. Uremic toxins and cardiovascular risk in chronic kidney disease: What have we learned recently beyond the past findings? Toxins (Basel). 2022;14(4):280. DOI:10.3390/toxins14040280
35. Aragón IM, Herrera-Imbroda B, Queipo-Ortuño MI, et al. The urinary tract microbiome in health and disease. Eur Urol Focus. 2018;4(1):128-38. DOI:10.1016/j.euf.2016.11.001
36. Stavropoulou E, Kantartzi K, Tsigalou C, et al. Focus on the gut-kidney axis in health and disease. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021;7:620102. DOI:10.3389/fmed.2020.620102
37. Castillo-Rodriguez E, Fernandez-Prado R, Esteras R, et al. Impact of altered intestinal microbiota on chronic kidney disease progression. Toxins (Basel). 2018;10(7):300. DOI:10.3390/toxins10070300
38. Liu W, Huang J, Liu T, et al. Changes in gut microbial community upon chronic kidney disease. PloS One. 2023;18(3):e0283389. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0283389
39. Poulakou-Rebelakou E, Marketos SG. Kidney disease in byzantine medical texts. Am J Nephrol. 1999;19(2):172-6. DOI:10.1159/000013446
40. Loying R, Kalita J, Manna P. Rice-based alcoholic fermented beverages of North-East India: Insight into ethnic preparation, microbial intervention, ethnobotany, and health benefits. J Food Biochem. 2024;260:1-23. DOI:10.1155/2024/7769743
41. Fagundes RAB, Soder TF, Grokoski KC, et al. Probiotics in the treatment of chronic kidney disease: A systematic review. J Bras Nefrol. 2018;40(3):278-86. DOI:10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-3931
42. Sumida K, Pierre JF, Yuzefpolskaya M, et al. Gut microbiota-targeted interventions in the management of chronic kidney disease. Semin Nephrol. 2023;43(2):151408. DOI:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2023.151408

Авторы

К.С. Нежданов¹, Л.Ю. Милованова*², С.Ю. Милованова², М.В. Таранова², А.В. Волков¹, Т.В. Андросова²

¹ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова», Москва, Россия;
²ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет), Москва, Россия
*Ludm.milovanova@gmail.com

________________________________________________

Kirill S. Nezhdanov¹, Ludmila Yu. Milovanova*², Svetlana Yu. Milovanova², Marina V. Taranova², Alexey V. Volkov¹, Tatiana V. Androsova²

¹Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia;
²Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
*Ludm.milovanova@gmail.com

Назад к списку

Цель портала OmniDoctor – предоставление профессиональной информации врачам, провизорам и фармацевтам.