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Кардио-рено-метаболический синдром: междисциплинарный подход - Журнал Терапевтический архив №9 Вопросы кардиологии 2025
Кардио-рено-метаболический синдром: междисциплинарный подход
Трушина О.Ю. Кардио-рено-метаболический синдром: междисциплинарный подход. Терапевтический архив. 2025;97(9):789–792. DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2025.09.203346
© ООО «КОНСИЛИУМ МЕДИКУМ», 2025 г.
© ООО «КОНСИЛИУМ МЕДИКУМ», 2025 г.
________________________________________________
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Аннотация
Выявленные взаимосвязи между ожирением, сахарным диабетом 2-го типа, сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями и хронической болезнью почек, постепенно приобретающими характер эпидемии, являются важной проблемой современного здравоохранения во всем мире. Изучение этих заболеваний именно в таком сочетании становится предметом обсуждения ученых и темой различных консенсусных документов. Такие факторы, как гипергликемия, инсулинорезистентность, повышенная активность ренин-ангиотензин-альдостероновой системы, образование конечных продуктов гликирования, окислительный стресс, нарушения в метаболизме кальция, сбои в работе митохондрий и стойкое хроническое воспаление, являются основополагающими для понимания данного состояния и разработки подходов к профилактике и лечению. В обзорной статье дается характеристика как основных принципов диагностики и лечения кардио-рено-метаболического синдрома, так и подходов к первичной и вторичной профилактике.
Ключевые слова: сердечно-сосудисто-почечно-метаболический синдром, кардиоренальный синдром, КаРеМе факторы риска, кардио-рено-метаболический синдром, ожирение, хроническая болезнь почек, метаболический синдром, хроническое сердечно-сосудисто-почечное нарушение, прогноз, сахарный диабет
Keywords: cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome, cardiorenal syndrome, CaReMe risk factors, cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome, obesity, chronic kidney disease, metabolic syndrome, chronic cardiovascular-kidney disorder, prognosis, diabetes
Ключевые слова: сердечно-сосудисто-почечно-метаболический синдром, кардиоренальный синдром, КаРеМе факторы риска, кардио-рено-метаболический синдром, ожирение, хроническая болезнь почек, метаболический синдром, хроническое сердечно-сосудисто-почечное нарушение, прогноз, сахарный диабет
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Keywords: cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome, cardiorenal syndrome, CaReMe risk factors, cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome, obesity, chronic kidney disease, metabolic syndrome, chronic cardiovascular-kidney disorder, prognosis, diabetes
Полный текст
Список литературы
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4. Bright R. Cases and Observations, Illustrative of Renal Disease Accompanied with the Secretion of Albuminous Urine. Guy’s Hosp Rep. 1836;1:338-79.
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10. Чазова И.Е., Шестакова М.В., Жернакова Ю.В., и др. Евразийские рекомендации по профилактике и лечению сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний у больных с диабетом и предиабетом (2021). Евразийский Кардиологический Журнал. 2021;(2):6-61 [Chazova IE, Shestakova MV, Zhernakova YuV, et al. Eurasian Association of Cardiology (EAC) Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases in Patients with Diabetes and Prediabetes (2021). Eurasian Heart Journal. 2021;(2):6-61 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.38109/2225-1685-2021-2-6-61
11. Миронова О.Ю., Староверов И.И., Сивакова О.А., и др. Контраст-индуцированное острое повреждение почек у больных хронической ишемической болезнью сердца в сочетании с сахарным диабетом и ожирением. Терапевтический архив. 2020;92(10):29-33 [Mironova OIu, Staroverov II, Sivakova OA, et al. Contrast-induced acute kidney injury in chronic coronary artery disease patients with diabetes mellitus and obesity. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2020; 92(10):29-33 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.26442/00403660.2020.10.000753
12. Ndumele CE, Neeland IJ, Tuttle KR, et al. A Synopsis of the Evidence for the Science and Clinical Management of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) Syndrome: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2023;148(20):1636-64. DOI:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001186
13. Миронова О.Ю., Сивакова О.А., Деев А.Д., Фомин В.В. Сердечная недостаточность и контрастиндуцированное острое повреждение почек у больных с ишемической болезнью сердца. Consilium Medicum. 2020;22(10):61-3 [Mironova OI, Sivakova OA, Deev AD, Fomin VV. Heart failure and contrast-induced acute kidney injury in patients with coronary artery disease. Consilium Medicum. 2020; 22(10):61-3 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.26442/20751753.2020.10.200352
14. Миронова О.Ю., Фомин В.В. Прогностическая значимость контраст-индуцированного острого повреждения почек у больных с хронической ишемической болезнью сердца. Consilium Medicum. 2020;22(5):73-6 [Mironova OI, Fomin VV. Prognostic significance of contrast-induced acute kidney injury in chronic coronary artery disease patients. Consilium Medicum. 2020;22(5):73-6 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.26442/20751753.2020.5.200218
15. Ndumele CE, Rangaswami J, Chow SL, et al. American Heart Association. Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Health: A Presidential Advisory from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2023;148(20):1606-35. DOI:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001184
16. Braunwald E. Gliflozins in the Management of Cardiovascular Disease. N Engl J Med. 2022;386(21):2024-34. DOI:10.1056/NEJMra2115011
17. Agarwal R, Filippatos G, Pitt B, et al. Cardiovascular and kidney outcomes with finerenone in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: the FIDELITY pooled analysis. Eur Heart J. 2022;43(6):474-84. DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehab777
18. Vaduganathan M, Filippatos G, Claggett BL, et al. Finerenone in heart failure and chronic kidney disease with type 2 diabetes: FINE-HEART pooled analysis of cardiovascular, kidney and mortality outcomes. Nat Med. 2024;30(12):3758-64. DOI:10.1038/s41591-024-03264-4
19. Agarwal R, Fouque D. The foundation and the four pillars of treatment for cardiorenal protection in people with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2023;38(2):253-7. DOI:10.1093/ndt/gfac331
20. Ferdinand KC, Rodriguez F, Nasser SA, et al. Cardiorenal metabolic syndrome and cardiometabolic risks in minority populations. Cardiorenal Med. 2014;4(1):1-11. DOI:10.1159/000357236
21. Kim HL, Chung J, Kim KJ, et al. Lifestyle Modification in the Management of Metabolic Syndrome: Statement From Korean Society of CardioMetabolic Syndrome (KSCMS). Korean Circ J. 2022;52(2):93-109. DOI:10.4070/kcj.2021.0328
22. Lloyd-Jones DM, Liu K, Colangelo LA. Consistently stable or decreased body mass index in young adulthood and longitudinal changes in metabolic syndrome components: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study. Circulation. 2007;115(8):1004-11. DOI:10.1161/ CIRCULATIONAHA.106.648642
23. Carnethon MR, Loria CM, Hill JO, et al. Coronary artery risk development in young adults study. Risk factors for the metabolic syndrome: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, 1985–2001. Diabetes Care. 2004;27(11):2707-15. DOI:10.2337/diacare.27.11.2707
24. Arnett DK, Blumenthal RS, Albert MA, et al. 2019 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2019;140(11):e596-e646. DOI:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000678
25. Bolignano D, Palmer SC, Navaneethan SD, Strippoli GF. Aldosterone antagonists for preventing the progression of chronic kidney disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;(4):CD007004. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD007004.pub3
26. Alexandrou ME, Papagianni A, Tsapas A. Effects of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in proteinuric kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Hypertens. 2019;37(12):2307-24. DOI:10.1097/HJH.0000000000002187
27. Kolkhof P, Delbeck M, Kretschmer A, et al. Finerenone, a novel selective nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist protects from rat cardiorenal injury. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2014;64(1):69-78. DOI:10.1097/FJC.0000000000000091
28. Gerisch M, Heinig R, Engelen A, et al. Biotransformation of Finerenone, a Novel Nonsteroidal Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonist, in Dogs, Rats, and Humans, In Vivo and In Vitro. Drug Metab Dispos. 2018;46(11):1546-55. DOI:10.1124/dmd.118.083337
29. Bakris GL, Agarwal R, Anker SD, et al. Effect of Finerenone on Chronic Kidney Disease Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(23):2219-29. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa2025845
2. Salam AM, Carr AS. From “Heart and Reins” to Clinical Syndromes: Origin and Evolution of Cardio-Renal Disease. Heart Views. 2021;22:80-4. DOI:10.4103/HEARTVIEWS.HEARTVIEWS_210_20
3. Braunwald E. From cardiorenal to cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndromes. Eur Heart J. 2025;46(8):682-4. DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehae775
4. Bright R. Cases and Observations, Illustrative of Renal Disease Accompanied with the Secretion of Albuminous Urine. Guy’s Hosp Rep. 1836;1:338-79.
5. Lewis T. A clinical lecture on paroxysmal dyspnoea in cardio-renal patients: with special reference to “cardiac” and “uraemic” asthma: delivered at University College Hospital, London, November 12th, 1913. Br Med J. 1913;2(2761):1417-20. DOI:10.1136/bmj.2.2761.1417
6. Heywood JT. The cardiorenal syndrome: lessons from the ADHERE database and treatment options. Heart Fail Rev. 2004;9(3):195-201. DOI:10.1007/s10741-005-6129-4
7. Ronco C, Haapio M, House AA, et al. Cardiorenal syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;52(19):1527-39. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2008.07.051
8. Hatamizadeh P. Introducing nephrocardiology. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2022;17:311-3. DOI:10.2215/CJN.10940821
9. Braunwald E. Diabetes, heart failure, and renal dysfunction: The vicious circles. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2019;62(4):298-302. DOI:10.1016/j.pcad.2019.07.003
10. Chazova IE, Shestakova MV, Zhernakova YuV, et al. Eurasian Association of Cardiology (EAC) Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases in Patients with Diabetes and Prediabetes (2021). Eurasian Heart Journal. 2021;(2):6-61 (in Russian). DOI:10.38109/2225-1685-2021-2-6-61
11. Mironova OIu, Staroverov II, Sivakova OA, et al. Contrast-induced acute kidney injury in chronic coronary artery disease patients with diabetes mellitus and obesity. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2020; 92(10):29-33 (in Russian). DOI:10.26442/00403660.2020.10.000753
12. Ndumele CE, Neeland IJ, Tuttle KR, et al. A Synopsis of the Evidence for the Science and Clinical Management of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) Syndrome: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2023;148(20):1636-64. DOI:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001186
13. Mironova OI, Sivakova OA, Deev AD, Fomin VV. Heart failure and contrast-induced acute kidney injury in patients with coronary artery disease. Consilium Medicum. 2020; 22(10):61-3 (in Russian). DOI:10.26442/20751753.2020.10.200352
14. Mironova OI, Fomin VV. Prognostic significance of contrast-induced acute kidney injury in chronic coronary artery disease patients. Consilium Medicum. 2020;22(5):73-6 (in Russian). DOI:10.26442/20751753.2020.5.200218
15. Ndumele CE, Rangaswami J, Chow SL, et al. American Heart Association. Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Health: A Presidential Advisory from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2023;148(20):1606-35. DOI:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001184
16. Braunwald E. Gliflozins in the Management of Cardiovascular Disease. N Engl J Med. 2022;386(21):2024-34. DOI:10.1056/NEJMra2115011
17. Agarwal R, Filippatos G, Pitt B, et al. Cardiovascular and kidney outcomes with finerenone in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: the FIDELITY pooled analysis. Eur Heart J. 2022;43(6):474-84. DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehab777
18. Vaduganathan M, Filippatos G, Claggett BL, et al. Finerenone in heart failure and chronic kidney disease with type 2 diabetes: FINE-HEART pooled analysis of cardiovascular, kidney and mortality outcomes. Nat Med. 2024;30(12):3758-64. DOI:10.1038/s41591-024-03264-4
19. Agarwal R, Fouque D. The foundation and the four pillars of treatment for cardiorenal protection in people with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2023;38(2):253-7. DOI:10.1093/ndt/gfac331
20. Ferdinand KC, Rodriguez F, Nasser SA, et al. Cardiorenal metabolic syndrome and cardiometabolic risks in minority populations. Cardiorenal Med. 2014;4(1):1-11. DOI:10.1159/000357236
21. Kim HL, Chung J, Kim KJ, et al. Lifestyle Modification in the Management of Metabolic Syndrome: Statement From Korean Society of CardioMetabolic Syndrome (KSCMS). Korean Circ J. 2022;52(2):93-109. DOI:10.4070/kcj.2021.0328
22. Lloyd-Jones DM, Liu K, Colangelo LA. Consistently stable or decreased body mass index in young adulthood and longitudinal changes in metabolic syndrome components: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study. Circulation. 2007;115(8):1004-11. DOI:10.1161/ CIRCULATIONAHA.106.648642
23. Carnethon MR, Loria CM, Hill JO, et al. Coronary artery risk development in young adults study. Risk factors for the metabolic syndrome: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, 1985–2001. Diabetes Care. 2004;27(11):2707-15. DOI:10.2337/diacare.27.11.2707
24. Arnett DK, Blumenthal RS, Albert MA, et al. 2019 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2019;140(11):e596-e646. DOI:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000678
25. Bolignano D, Palmer SC, Navaneethan SD, Strippoli GF. Aldosterone antagonists for preventing the progression of chronic kidney disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;(4):CD007004. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD007004.pub3
26. Alexandrou ME, Papagianni A, Tsapas A. Effects of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in proteinuric kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Hypertens. 2019;37(12):2307-24. DOI:10.1097/HJH.0000000000002187
27. Kolkhof P, Delbeck M, Kretschmer A, et al. Finerenone, a novel selective nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist protects from rat cardiorenal injury. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2014;64(1):69-78. DOI:10.1097/FJC.0000000000000091
28. Gerisch M, Heinig R, Engelen A, et al. Biotransformation of Finerenone, a Novel Nonsteroidal Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonist, in Dogs, Rats, and Humans, In Vivo and In Vitro. Drug Metab Dispos. 2018;46(11):1546-55. DOI:10.1124/dmd.118.083337
29. Bakris GL, Agarwal R, Anker SD, et al. Effect of Finerenone on Chronic Kidney Disease Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(23):2219-29. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa2025845
2. Salam AM, Carr AS. From “Heart and Reins” to Clinical Syndromes: Origin and Evolution of Cardio-Renal Disease. Heart Views. 2021;22:80-4. DOI:10.4103/HEARTVIEWS.HEARTVIEWS_210_20
3. Braunwald E. From cardiorenal to cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndromes. Eur Heart J. 2025;46(8):682-4. DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehae775
4. Bright R. Cases and Observations, Illustrative of Renal Disease Accompanied with the Secretion of Albuminous Urine. Guy’s Hosp Rep. 1836;1:338-79.
5. Lewis T. A clinical lecture on paroxysmal dyspnoea in cardio-renal patients: with special reference to “cardiac” and “uraemic” asthma: delivered at University College Hospital, London, November 12th, 1913. Br Med J. 1913;2(2761):1417-20. DOI:10.1136/bmj.2.2761.1417
6. Heywood JT. The cardiorenal syndrome: lessons from the ADHERE database and treatment options. Heart Fail Rev. 2004;9(3):195-201. DOI:10.1007/s10741-005-6129-4
7. Ronco C, Haapio M, House AA, et al. Cardiorenal syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;52(19):1527-39. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2008.07.051
8. Hatamizadeh P. Introducing nephrocardiology. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2022;17:311-3. DOI:10.2215/CJN.10940821
9. Braunwald E. Diabetes, heart failure, and renal dysfunction: The vicious circles. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2019;62(4):298-302. DOI:10.1016/j.pcad.2019.07.003
10. Чазова И.Е., Шестакова М.В., Жернакова Ю.В., и др. Евразийские рекомендации по профилактике и лечению сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний у больных с диабетом и предиабетом (2021). Евразийский Кардиологический Журнал. 2021;(2):6-61 [Chazova IE, Shestakova MV, Zhernakova YuV, et al. Eurasian Association of Cardiology (EAC) Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases in Patients with Diabetes and Prediabetes (2021). Eurasian Heart Journal. 2021;(2):6-61 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.38109/2225-1685-2021-2-6-61
11. Миронова О.Ю., Староверов И.И., Сивакова О.А., и др. Контраст-индуцированное острое повреждение почек у больных хронической ишемической болезнью сердца в сочетании с сахарным диабетом и ожирением. Терапевтический архив. 2020;92(10):29-33 [Mironova OIu, Staroverov II, Sivakova OA, et al. Contrast-induced acute kidney injury in chronic coronary artery disease patients with diabetes mellitus and obesity. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2020; 92(10):29-33 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.26442/00403660.2020.10.000753
12. Ndumele CE, Neeland IJ, Tuttle KR, et al. A Synopsis of the Evidence for the Science and Clinical Management of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) Syndrome: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2023;148(20):1636-64. DOI:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001186
13. Миронова О.Ю., Сивакова О.А., Деев А.Д., Фомин В.В. Сердечная недостаточность и контрастиндуцированное острое повреждение почек у больных с ишемической болезнью сердца. Consilium Medicum. 2020;22(10):61-3 [Mironova OI, Sivakova OA, Deev AD, Fomin VV. Heart failure and contrast-induced acute kidney injury in patients with coronary artery disease. Consilium Medicum. 2020; 22(10):61-3 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.26442/20751753.2020.10.200352
14. Миронова О.Ю., Фомин В.В. Прогностическая значимость контраст-индуцированного острого повреждения почек у больных с хронической ишемической болезнью сердца. Consilium Medicum. 2020;22(5):73-6 [Mironova OI, Fomin VV. Prognostic significance of contrast-induced acute kidney injury in chronic coronary artery disease patients. Consilium Medicum. 2020;22(5):73-6 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.26442/20751753.2020.5.200218
15. Ndumele CE, Rangaswami J, Chow SL, et al. American Heart Association. Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Health: A Presidential Advisory from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2023;148(20):1606-35. DOI:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001184
16. Braunwald E. Gliflozins in the Management of Cardiovascular Disease. N Engl J Med. 2022;386(21):2024-34. DOI:10.1056/NEJMra2115011
17. Agarwal R, Filippatos G, Pitt B, et al. Cardiovascular and kidney outcomes with finerenone in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: the FIDELITY pooled analysis. Eur Heart J. 2022;43(6):474-84. DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehab777
18. Vaduganathan M, Filippatos G, Claggett BL, et al. Finerenone in heart failure and chronic kidney disease with type 2 diabetes: FINE-HEART pooled analysis of cardiovascular, kidney and mortality outcomes. Nat Med. 2024;30(12):3758-64. DOI:10.1038/s41591-024-03264-4
19. Agarwal R, Fouque D. The foundation and the four pillars of treatment for cardiorenal protection in people with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2023;38(2):253-7. DOI:10.1093/ndt/gfac331
20. Ferdinand KC, Rodriguez F, Nasser SA, et al. Cardiorenal metabolic syndrome and cardiometabolic risks in minority populations. Cardiorenal Med. 2014;4(1):1-11. DOI:10.1159/000357236
21. Kim HL, Chung J, Kim KJ, et al. Lifestyle Modification in the Management of Metabolic Syndrome: Statement From Korean Society of CardioMetabolic Syndrome (KSCMS). Korean Circ J. 2022;52(2):93-109. DOI:10.4070/kcj.2021.0328
22. Lloyd-Jones DM, Liu K, Colangelo LA. Consistently stable or decreased body mass index in young adulthood and longitudinal changes in metabolic syndrome components: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study. Circulation. 2007;115(8):1004-11. DOI:10.1161/ CIRCULATIONAHA.106.648642
23. Carnethon MR, Loria CM, Hill JO, et al. Coronary artery risk development in young adults study. Risk factors for the metabolic syndrome: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, 1985–2001. Diabetes Care. 2004;27(11):2707-15. DOI:10.2337/diacare.27.11.2707
24. Arnett DK, Blumenthal RS, Albert MA, et al. 2019 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2019;140(11):e596-e646. DOI:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000678
25. Bolignano D, Palmer SC, Navaneethan SD, Strippoli GF. Aldosterone antagonists for preventing the progression of chronic kidney disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;(4):CD007004. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD007004.pub3
26. Alexandrou ME, Papagianni A, Tsapas A. Effects of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in proteinuric kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Hypertens. 2019;37(12):2307-24. DOI:10.1097/HJH.0000000000002187
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28. Gerisch M, Heinig R, Engelen A, et al. Biotransformation of Finerenone, a Novel Nonsteroidal Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonist, in Dogs, Rats, and Humans, In Vivo and In Vitro. Drug Metab Dispos. 2018;46(11):1546-55. DOI:10.1124/dmd.118.083337
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25. Bolignano D, Palmer SC, Navaneethan SD, Strippoli GF. Aldosterone antagonists for preventing the progression of chronic kidney disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;(4):CD007004. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD007004.pub3
26. Alexandrou ME, Papagianni A, Tsapas A. Effects of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in proteinuric kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Hypertens. 2019;37(12):2307-24. DOI:10.1097/HJH.0000000000002187
27. Kolkhof P, Delbeck M, Kretschmer A, et al. Finerenone, a novel selective nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist protects from rat cardiorenal injury. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2014;64(1):69-78. DOI:10.1097/FJC.0000000000000091
28. Gerisch M, Heinig R, Engelen A, et al. Biotransformation of Finerenone, a Novel Nonsteroidal Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonist, in Dogs, Rats, and Humans, In Vivo and In Vitro. Drug Metab Dispos. 2018;46(11):1546-55. DOI:10.1124/dmd.118.083337
29. Bakris GL, Agarwal R, Anker SD, et al. Effect of Finerenone on Chronic Kidney Disease Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(23):2219-29. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa2025845
Авторы
О.Ю. Трушина*
ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет), Москва, Россия
*mironova_o_yu@staff.sechenov.ru
Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
*mironova_o_yu@staff.sechenov.ru
ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет), Москва, Россия
*mironova_o_yu@staff.sechenov.ru
________________________________________________
Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
*mironova_o_yu@staff.sechenov.ru
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