История развития технологии помповой инсулинотерапии

Казарян П.А., Голосов К.А., Полубояринова И.В., Фадеев В.В. История развития технологии помповой инсулинотерапии. Терапевтический архив. 2026;98(1):81–87. DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2026.01.203508

© ООО «КОНСИЛИУМ МЕДИКУМ», 2026 г.

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Kazaryan PA, Golosov KA, Poluboyarinova IV, Fadeev VV. History of the development of insulin pump therapy technology. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2026;98(1):81–87. DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2026.01.203508

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Аннотация

Двадцатый век стал золотым веком развития эндокринологии, в том числе и методов терапии сахарного диабета 1-го типа. Одним из значимых открытий стала разработка инсулиновой помпы. Эта технология, придерживаясь изначальных принципов и целей, прошла заметную эволюцию. От достаточно крупных непрактичных устройств, доступных только для исследований в клиниках и с риском развития осложнений, постепенно удалось перейти к портативным, удобным и безопасным вариантам, что позволило интегрировать их в повседневную клиническую практику. При более подробном рассмотрении пути от первого прототипа устройства до инсулиновых помп, созданных к началу 1990-х годов, можно увидеть, как исследователи преодолели множество препятствий и заложили основу для современных представлений о помповой инсулинотерапии и осуществления мечты об искусственной поджелудочной железе.

Ключевые слова: сахарный диабет 1-го типа, помповая инсулинотерапия, история, инсулиновая помпа, инсулинотерапия, история эндокринологии, медицинская техника

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The twentieth century marked a golden age for endocrinology, particularly in the methods used to treat type 1 diabetes mellitus. One of the most significant advancements during this period was the development of the insulin pump. This technology, which initially adhered to the original principles and goals of diabetes management, has undergone a remarkable evolution. The transition from large, impractical devices that were suitable only for research in clinical settings, and often associated with complications, to portable, user-friendly, and safe devices has been substantial. This evolution has facilitated the integration of insulin pumps into everyday clinical practice. A detailed examination of the journey from the first prototype of the insulin pump to the models developed by the early 1990s illustrates how researchers overcame numerous challenges. Their efforts laid the groundwork for contemporary understandings of pump insulin therapy and the realization of the aspiration for an artificial pancreas.

Keywords: diabetes mellitus type 1, insulin pump therapy, history, insulin pump, insulin therapy, history of endocrinology, medical equipment

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Список литературы

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4. Kadish AH. A servomechanism for blood sugar control. Biomed Sci Instrum. 1963;1:171-6. PMID:14174484
5. Kadish AH. Automation control of blood sugar a servomechanism for glucose monitoring and control. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs. 1963;9:363-7. PMID:13958209
6. Kadish AH. Automation control of blood sugar. I. A servomechanism for glucose monitoring and control. Am J Med Electron. 1964;3:82-6. PMID:14150660
7. Alsaleh FM, Smith FJ, Keady S, Taylor KM. Insulin pumps: from inception to the present and toward the future. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2010;35(2):127-38. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2710.2009.01048.x
8. Slama G, Hautecouverture M, Assan R, Tchobroutsky G. One to five days of continuous intravenous insulin infusion on seven diabetic patients. Diabetes. 1974;23(9):732-8. DOI:10.2337/diab.23.9.732
9. Fogt EJ, Dodd LM, Jenning EM, Clemens AH. Development and evaluation of a glucose analyzer for a glucose controlled insulin infusion system (Biostator). Clin Chem. 1978;24(8):1366-72. PMID:679460
10. Pfeiffer EF. On the way to the automated (blood) glucose regulation in diabetes: The dark past, the grey present and the rosy future. XII Congress of the International Diabetes Federation, Madrid, 22–28 September 1985. Diabetologia. 1987;30(2):51-65. DOI:10.1007/BF00274572
11. Pfeiffer EF, Thum C, Clemens AH. The artificial beta cell – A continuous control of blood sugar by external regulation of insulin infusion (glucose controlled insulin infusion system). Horm Metab Res. 1974;6(5):339-42. DOI:10.1055/s-0028-1093841
12. Cobelli C, Renard E, Kovatchev B. Artificial pancreas: Past, present, future. Diabetes. 2011;60(11):2672-82. DOI:10.2337/db11-0654
13. Cahill GF Jr, Etzwiler LD, Freinkel N. Editorial: "Control" and diabetes. N Engl J Med. 1976;294(18):1004-5. DOI:10.1056/NEJM197604292941811
14. Pickup JC. Banting Memorial Lecture 2014* Technology and diabetes care: Appropriate and personalized. Diabet Med. 2015;32(1):3-13. DOI:10.1111/dme.12613
15. Parsons JA, Rothwell D, Sharpe JE. A miniature syringe pump for continuous administration of drugs and hormones: The Mill Hill infuser. Lancet. 1977;1(8002):77-8. DOI:10.1016/s0140-6736(77)91085-6
16. Pickup JC, Keen H, Parsons JA, Alberti KG. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion: an approach to achieving normoglycaemia. Br Med J. 1978;1(6107):204-7. DOI:10.1136/bmj.1.6107.204
17. Pickup JC, Keen H, Stevenson RW, et al. Insulin via continuous subcutaneous infusion. Lancet. 1978;2(8097):988-9. DOI:10.1016/s0140-6736(78)92548-5
18. Pickup J, Keen H, Parsons JA, et al. “Mill Hill Infuser”, the First Portable Insulin Infusion Pump. London, 1976. Available at: https://jstor.org/stable/community.26398038. Accessed: 09.01.2025.
19. Tamborlane WV, Sherwin RS, Genel M, Felig P. Reduction to normal of plasma glucose in juvenile diabetes by subcutaneous administration of insulin with a portable infusion pump. N Engl J Med. 1979;300(11):573-8. DOI:10.1056/NEJM197903153001101
20. Chiasson JL, Ducros F, Poliquin-Hamet M, et al. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (Mill-Hill Infuser) versus multiple injections (Medi-Jector) in the treatment of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and the effect of metabolic control on microangiopathy. Diabetes Care. 1984;7(4):331-7. DOI:10.2337/diacare.7.4.331
21. Pickup JC, White MC, Keen H, et al. Long-term continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion in diabetics at home. Lancet. 1979;2(8148):870-3. DOI:10.1016/s0140-6736(79)92686-2
22. Mecklenburg RS, Benson JW Jr, Becker NM, et al. Clinical use of the insulin infusion pump in 100 patients with type I diabetes. N Engl J Med. 1982;307(9):513-8. DOI:10.1056/NEJM198208263070901
23. Tamborlane WV, Sherwin RS, Genel M, Felig P. Outpatient treatment of juvenile-onset diabetes with a preprogrammed portable subcutaneous insulin infusion system. Am J Med. 1980;68(2):190-6. DOI:10.1016/0002-9343(80)90353-8
24. Rentschler C, Nothwehr B. Transmitting insulin: The design and look of insulin delivery devices as technologies of communication. Catalyst Feminism Theory Technoscience. 2021;7(1):1-36. DOI:10.28968/cftt.v7i1.34567
25. Diabetesmuseum München. Available at: https://www.diabetesmuseum.de/insulinpumpe/ Accessed: 09.01.2025.
26. The Golden Age of the Insulin Pump. Available at: https://diatribe.org/diabetes-medications/golden-age-insulin-pump. Accessed: 09.01.2025.
27. Chlup R, Krystyník O, Mlčák P, et al. Intensive management of type 1 diabetes in adults: One centre experience 1970–2022. Intech Open. 2023;11:1-34. DOI:10.5772/intechopen.108032
28. Torrance T, Franklin V, Greene S. Insulin pumps. Arch Dis Child. 2003;88(11):949-53. DOI:10.1136/adc.88.11.949
29. Hillson R. Pump patient. Pract Diab. 1984;1(2):22-5.
30. Das mylife Ypsopump System. Available at: https://www.diabetiker-th.de/wp-content/uploads/Vortrag-LinneweberSiric-Ypsomed_Mylife-Loop-Programm.... Accessed: 09.01.2025.
31. History of company. Available at: https://www.ypsomed.com/en/company/history.html. Accessed: 09.01.2025.
32. История создания инсулиновой помпы. Проблемы эндокринологии. 2012;58(2, вып. 2):16-8 [The history of insulin pump development. Problems of Endocrinology. 2012;58(2, issue 2):16-8 (in Russian)].
33. Bode BW, Steed RD, Davidson PC. Reduction in severe hypoglycemia with long-term continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion in type I diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1996;19(4):324-7. DOI:10.2337/diacare.19.4.324
34. Pickup J, Mattock M, Kerry S. Glycaemic control with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion compared with intensive insulin injections in patients with type 1 diabetes: Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ. 2002;324(7339):705. DOI:10.1136/bmj.324.7339.705
35. Смирнов В.В., Горбунов Г.Е. Система мониторирования глюкозы и инсулиновые помпы. Лечащий врач. 2009;3:31-6 [Smirnov VV, Gorbunov GE. Glucose and insulin pump monitoring system. Lechaschi Vrach. 2009;3:31-6 (in Russian)].
36. Guilhem I, Leguerrier AM, Lecordier F, et al. Technical risks with subcutaneous insulin infusion. Diabetes Metab. 2006;32(3):279-84. DOI:10.1016/s1262-3636(07)70281-1
37. Chantelau E, Lange G, Sonnenberg GE, Berger M. Acute cutaneous complications and catheter needle colonization during insulin-pump treatment. Diabetes Care. 1987;10(4):478-82. DOI:10.2337/diacare.10.4.478
38. Weintrob N, Shalitin S, Phillip M. Why pumps? Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion for children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Isr Med Assoc J. 2004;6(5):271-5. PMID:15151365
39. Reynolds LR. Reemergence of insulin pump therapy in the 1990s. South Med J. 2000;93(12):1157-61. PMID:11142448

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1. Dedov II, Shestakova MV. On the centenary of the insulin discovery. Diabetes mellitus. 2021;24(1):11-6 (in Russian). DOI:10.14341/DM12733
2. Kesavadev J, Saboo B, Krishna MB, Krishnan G. Evolution of insulin delivery devices: From syringes, pens, and pumps to DIY artificial pancreas. Diabetes Ther. 2020;11(6):1251-69. DOI:10.1007/s13300-020-00831-z
3. Bulgakova SV, Dolgikh YuA, Sharonova LA, et al. The evolution of type 1 diabetes care. Endokrinologiya: novosti, mneniya, obuchenie = Endocrinology: News, Opinions, Training. 2023;12(3):46-53 (in Russian). DOI:10.33029/2304-9529-2023-12-3-46-53
4. Kadish AH. A servomechanism for blood sugar control. Biomed Sci Instrum. 1963;1:171-6. PMID:14174484
5. Kadish AH. Automation control of blood sugar a servomechanism for glucose monitoring and control. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs. 1963;9:363-7. PMID:13958209
6. Kadish AH. Automation control of blood sugar. I. A servomechanism for glucose monitoring and control. Am J Med Electron. 1964;3:82-6. PMID:14150660
7. Alsaleh FM, Smith FJ, Keady S, Taylor KM. Insulin pumps: from inception to the present and toward the future. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2010;35(2):127-38. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2710.2009.01048.x
8. Slama G, Hautecouverture M, Assan R, Tchobroutsky G. One to five days of continuous intravenous insulin infusion on seven diabetic patients. Diabetes. 1974;23(9):732-8. DOI:10.2337/diab.23.9.732
9. Fogt EJ, Dodd LM, Jenning EM, Clemens AH. Development and evaluation of a glucose analyzer for a glucose controlled insulin infusion system (Biostator). Clin Chem. 1978;24(8):1366-72. PMID:679460
10. Pfeiffer EF. On the way to the automated (blood) glucose regulation in diabetes: The dark past, the grey present and the rosy future. XII Congress of the International Diabetes Federation, Madrid, 22–28 September 1985. Diabetologia. 1987;30(2):51-65. DOI:10.1007/BF00274572
11. Pfeiffer EF, Thum C, Clemens AH. The artificial beta cell – A continuous control of blood sugar by external regulation of insulin infusion (glucose controlled insulin infusion system). Horm Metab Res. 1974;6(5):339-42. DOI:10.1055/s-0028-1093841
12. Cobelli C, Renard E, Kovatchev B. Artificial pancreas: Past, present, future. Diabetes. 2011;60(11):2672-82. DOI:10.2337/db11-0654
13. Cahill GF Jr, Etzwiler LD, Freinkel N. Editorial: "Control" and diabetes. N Engl J Med. 1976;294(18):1004-5. DOI:10.1056/NEJM197604292941811
14. Pickup JC. Banting Memorial Lecture 2014* Technology and diabetes care: Appropriate and personalized. Diabet Med. 2015;32(1):3-13. DOI:10.1111/dme.12613
15. Parsons JA, Rothwell D, Sharpe JE. A miniature syringe pump for continuous administration of drugs and hormones: The Mill Hill infuser. Lancet. 1977;1(8002):77-8. DOI:10.1016/s0140-6736(77)91085-6
16. Pickup JC, Keen H, Parsons JA, Alberti KG. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion: an approach to achieving normoglycaemia. Br Med J. 1978;1(6107):204-7. DOI:10.1136/bmj.1.6107.204
17. Pickup JC, Keen H, Stevenson RW, et al. Insulin via continuous subcutaneous infusion. Lancet. 1978;2(8097):988-9. DOI:10.1016/s0140-6736(78)92548-5
18. Pickup J, Keen H, Parsons JA, et al. “Mill Hill Infuser”, the First Portable Insulin Infusion Pump. London, 1976. Available at: https://jstor.org/stable/community.26398038. Accessed: 09.01.2025.
19. Tamborlane WV, Sherwin RS, Genel M, Felig P. Reduction to normal of plasma glucose in juvenile diabetes by subcutaneous administration of insulin with a portable infusion pump. N Engl J Med. 1979;300(11):573-8. DOI:10.1056/NEJM197903153001101
20. Chiasson JL, Ducros F, Poliquin-Hamet M, et al. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (Mill-Hill Infuser) versus multiple injections (Medi-Jector) in the treatment of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and the effect of metabolic control on microangiopathy. Diabetes Care. 1984;7(4):331-7. DOI:10.2337/diacare.7.4.331
21. Pickup JC, White MC, Keen H, et al. Long-term continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion in diabetics at home. Lancet. 1979;2(8148):870-3. DOI:10.1016/s0140-6736(79)92686-2
22. Mecklenburg RS, Benson JW Jr, Becker NM, et al. Clinical use of the insulin infusion pump in 100 patients with type I diabetes. N Engl J Med. 1982;307(9):513-8. DOI:10.1056/NEJM198208263070901
23. Tamborlane WV, Sherwin RS, Genel M, Felig P. Outpatient treatment of juvenile-onset diabetes with a preprogrammed portable subcutaneous insulin infusion system. Am J Med. 1980;68(2):190-6. DOI:10.1016/0002-9343(80)90353-8
24. Rentschler C, Nothwehr B. Transmitting insulin: The design and look of insulin delivery devices as technologies of communication. Catalyst Feminism Theory Technoscience. 2021;7(1):1-36. DOI:10.28968/cftt.v7i1.34567
25. Diabetesmuseum München. Available at: https://www.diabetesmuseum.de/insulinpumpe/ Accessed: 09.01.2025.
26. The Golden Age of the Insulin Pump. Available at: https://diatribe.org/diabetes-medications/golden-age-insulin-pump. Accessed: 09.01.2025.
27. Chlup R, Krystyník O, Mlčák P, et al. Intensive management of type 1 diabetes in adults: One centre experience 1970–2022. Intech Open. 2023;11:1-34. DOI:10.5772/intechopen.108032
28. Torrance T, Franklin V, Greene S. Insulin pumps. Arch Dis Child. 2003;88(11):949-53. DOI:10.1136/adc.88.11.949
29. Hillson R. Pump patient. Pract Diab. 1984;1(2):22-5.
30. Das mylife Ypsopump System. Available at: https://www.diabetiker-th.de/wp-content/uploads/Vortrag-LinneweberSiric-Ypsomed_Mylife-Loop-Programm.... Accessed: 09.01.2025.
31. History of company. Available at: https://www.ypsomed.com/en/company/history.html. Accessed: 09.01.2025.
32. The history of insulin pump development. Problems of Endocrinology. 2012;58(2, issue 2):16-8 (in Russian).
33. Bode BW, Steed RD, Davidson PC. Reduction in severe hypoglycemia with long-term continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion in type I diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1996;19(4):324-7. DOI:10.2337/diacare.19.4.324
34. Pickup J, Mattock M, Kerry S. Glycaemic control with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion compared with intensive insulin injections in patients with type 1 diabetes: Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ. 2002;324(7339):705. DOI:10.1136/bmj.324.7339.705
35. Smirnov VV, Gorbunov GE. Glucose and insulin pump monitoring system. Lechaschi Vrach. 2009;3:31-6 (in Russian).
36. Guilhem I, Leguerrier AM, Lecordier F, et al. Technical risks with subcutaneous insulin infusion. Diabetes Metab. 2006;32(3):279-84. DOI:10.1016/s1262-3636(07)70281-1
37. Chantelau E, Lange G, Sonnenberg GE, Berger M. Acute cutaneous complications and catheter needle colonization during insulin-pump treatment. Diabetes Care. 1987;10(4):478-82. DOI:10.2337/diacare.10.4.478
38. Weintrob N, Shalitin S, Phillip M. Why pumps? Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion for children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Isr Med Assoc J. 2004;6(5):271-5. PMID:15151365
39. Reynolds LR. Reemergence of insulin pump therapy in the 1990s. South Med J. 2000;93(12):1157-61. PMID:11142448

Авторы

П.А. Казарян*, К.А. Голосов, И.В. Полубояринова, В.В. Фадеев

ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет), Москва, Россия
*paulakazarian@gmail.com

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Pavel A. Kazaryan*, Kirill A. Golosov, Irina V. Poluboyarinova, Valentin V. Fadeev

Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
*paulakazarian@gmail.com

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