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Предоперационная терапия статинами у пациентов с ишемической болезнью сердца
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Аннотация
Необходимость использования статинов у пациентов с острыми и хроническими формами ишемической болезни сердца в настоящее время не вызывает сомнений. Однако до сих пор существует мнение о том, что перед хирургическим вмешательством с позиции безопасности необходимо отменить статины и возобновить их прием после операции. Данный обзор рассматривает целесообразность и безопасность предоперационной терапии статинами у пациентов с ишемической болезнью сердца перед планируемым коронарным шунтированием.
Ключевые слова: статины, коронарное шунтирование.
Ключевые слова: статины, коронарное шунтирование.
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The need for statins in patients with acute and chronic forms of coronary heart disease is now beyond doubt. However, there is still a view that from the perspective of safety it is necessary to cancel statins before a surgery and reinstitute them after a surgery. This review examines the feasibility and safety of preoperative statin therapy in patients with ischemic heart diseases before planned coronary bypass surgery.
Key words: statins, coronary bypass surgery.
Полный текст
Список литературы
1. Бокерия Л.А., Зарубина Е.Ю. Возможности прогнозирования развития послеоперационной фибрилляции предсердий у пациентов, перенесших аортокоронарное шунтирование. Грудная и сердеч.-сосуд. хирургия. 2006; 2: 21–9.
2. Taggart DP, Browne SM, Halligan PW, Wade DT. Is cardiopulmonary bypass still the cause of cognitive dysfunction after cardiac operations? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1999; 118: 414–21.
3. Abreu JE, Reilly J, Salzano RP et al. Comparison of frequencies of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting with and without the use of cardiopulmonary bypass. Am J Cardiol 1999; 83 (5): 775–6.
4. Pinon P, Kaski JC. Inflammation, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease risk. Rev Esp Cardiol 2006; 59 (3): 247–58.
5. Esposito S, Tremolati E, Begliatti E et al. Evaluation of rapid bedside test for the quantitative determination of C-reactive protein. Clin Chem Lab Med 2005; 43: 438–40.
6. Advances in cardiac surgery. Eds. R.Karp, H.Laks. St. Louis, 1995: 131–67.
7. Patti G, Chello M, Cadura D et al. Randomized trial of atorvastatin for reduction of postoperative atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: results of the Armyda-3 (Atorvastatin for Reduction of Myocardial Dysrhythmia After cardiac surgery) study. Circulation 2006; 114: 1455–61.
8. Сlark LL, Ikonomidis JS, Crawford FA. Preoperative statin treatment is associated with reduced postoperative mortality in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: an 8-year retrospective cohort study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2006; 131: 679–85.
9. Pan W, Pintar T, Anton J et al. Statins are associated with a reduced incidence of perioperative mortality after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Circulation 2004; 110 (Suppl. 1): II45–9.
10. Powell BD, Bybee KA, Valeti U et al. Influence of preoperative lipid-lowering therapy on postoperative outcome in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Am J Cardiol 2007; 99: 785–9.
11. Thielmann M, Neugauser M, Marr A et al. Lipid-lowering effect of preoperative statin therapy on postoperative major adverse cardiac events after coronary artery bypass surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2007; 134: 1143–9.
12. Ali IS, Buth KJ. Preoperative statin use and outcomes following cardiac surgery. Int J Cardiol 2005; 103: 12–8.
13. Christenson JT. Preoperative Lipid-control with simvastatin reduces the risk of postoperative thrombocytosis and thrombotic complications following CABG. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 1999; 15: 394–9.
14. Coleman CI, Lucek DM, Hammond J, White CM. Preoperative statins and infectious complications following cardiac surgery. Curr Med Res Opin 2007; 23: 1783–90.
15. Барбараш Л.С., Шафранская К.С., Иванов С.В. и др. Возможности использования модифицированной шкалы EuroScore в прогнозирования неблагоприятных исходов коронарного шунтирования. Патология кровообращения и кардиохирургия. 2010; 2: 52–6.
16. Lefer AM, Campbell B, Shin YK et al. Simvastatin preserves the ischemic-reperfused myocardium in normocholesterolemic rat hearts. Circulation 1999; 100: 178–84.
17. Dotani MI, Morise AP, Haque R et al. Association between short-term simvastatin therapy before coronary artery bypass grafting and postoperative myocardial blood flow as assessed by positron emission tomography. Am J Cardiol 2003; 91: 1107–9.
18. Aboyans V, Labrousse L, Lacroix P et al. Predictive factors of stroke in patient undergoing coronary bypass grafting: statins are protective. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2006; 30: 300–4.
19. Tabata M, Khalpey Z, Pirundini PA et al. Renoprotective effect of preoperative statins in coronary artery bypass grafting. Am J Cardiol 2007; 100: 442–4.
20. Liakopoulos OJ, Choi Y-H, Haldenwang PL et al. Impact of preoperative statin therapy on adverse outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis of over 30 000 patients. Eur Heart J 2008; 29: 1548–59.
21. Marin F, Pascual DA, Roldan V et al. Statins and postoperative risk of atrial fibrillation following coronary artery bypass grafting. Am J Cardiol 2006; 97: 55–60.
22. Mariscalco G, Lorusso R, Klersy C et al. Observational study on the beneficial effect of preoperative statins in reducing atrial fibrillation after coronary surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 2007; 84: 1158–64.
23. Shantsila E, Watson T, Lip GY. Atrial fibrillation post-cardiac surgery: changing perspectives. Curr Med Res Opin 2006; 22: 1437–41.
24. Ji Q, Mei Y, Wang X et al. Effect of preoperative atorvastatin therapy on atrial fibrillation following off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. Circ J 2009; 73: 2244–9.
25. Knayzer B, Abramov D, Natalia B et al. Atrial fibrillation and plasma troponin I elevation after cardiac surgery: relation to inflammation-associated parameters. J Card Surg 2007; 22: 117–23.
26. Motwani JG, Topol EJ. Aortocoronary saphenous vein graft disease. Pathogenesis, predisposition, and prevention. Circulation 1998; 97: 916–31.
27. Holt CM, Francis SE, Newby AC et al. Comparison of response to injury in organ culture of human saphenous vein and internal mammary artery. Ann Thorac Surg 1993; 55: 1522–8.
28. Muluk SC, Vorp DA, Severyn DA et al. Enhancement of tissue factor expression by vein segments exposed to coronary arterial hemodynamis. J Vasc Surg 1998; 27: 521–7.
29. Lievadot J, Murasawa S, Kureishi Y et al. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor mobilizes bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells. J Clin Invest 2001; 108: 399–405.
30. Тепляков А.Т., Мамчур С. Е., Вечерский Ю. Ю. Коронарное шунтирование. Оптимизация восстановительного шунтирования. Томск: Изд-во Томского ун-та 2006; 362.
31. Werda JP, Tremoli E, Massironi P et al. Statins in coronary bypass surgery: rationale and clinical use. Ann Thorac Surg 2003; 76: 2132–40.
32. Kangasniemi OR, Biancari F, Luukkonen J et al. Preoperative C-reactive protein is predictive of long-term outcome after coronary artery bypass surgery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2006; 29: 983–5.
33. Palmerini T, Marzocchi A, Marrozzini C et al. Preoperative C-reactive protein levels predict 9-month mortality after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery for the treatment of left main coronary artery stenosis. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2007; 31: 685–90.
34. Field KM. Effect of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels. Pharmacotherapy 2005; 25: 1365–77.
35. Prasad K. C-reactive protein (CRP)-lowering agents. Cardiovasc Drug Rev 2006; 24: 33–50.
36. Holm T, Andreassen AK, Ueland T et al. Effect of pravastatin on plasma markers of inflammation and peripheral endothelial function in male heart transplant recipients. Am J Cardiol 2001; 87: 815–8.
37. Poldermans D, Bax JJ, Kertai MD et al. Statins are associated with a reduced incidence of perioperative mortality in patients undergoing major noncardiac vascular surgery. Circulation 2003; 107: 1848–51.
38. Heeschen C, Hamm CW, Laufs U et al. Withdrawal of statins increases event rates in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Circulation 2002; 105: 1446–52.
39. Furukawa Y, Taniguchi R, Ehara N, Ozasa N. Better survival with statin administration after revascularization therapy in Japanese patients with coronary artery disease. Circ J 2008; 72: 1937–45.
40. Collard C D, Body SC, Shernan SK et al. Preoperative statin therapy is associated with reduced cardiac mortality after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2006; 132: 392–400.
41. Biccard BM, Sear JW, Foex P. Statin therapy: a potentially useful perioperative intervention in patients with cardiovascular disease. Anaesthesia 2005; 60: 1106–14.
42. Hindler K, Shaw AD, Samuels J et al. Improved postoperative outcomes associated with preoperative statin therapy. Anesthesiology 2006; 105: 1260–72.
43. Karthikeyan G, Bhargava B. Managing patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery: need to shift emphasis from risk stratification to risk modification. Heart 2006; 92: 17–20.
44. Schouten O, Bax JJ, Dunkelgrun M et al. Statins for the prevention of perioperative cardiovascular complications in vascular surgery. J Vasc Surg 2006; 44: 419–24.
45. Dunkelgrun M, Schouten O, Feringa HH et al. Beneficial effects statins on perioperative cardiovascular outcome. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2006; 19: 418–22.
46. Schouten O, Kertai MD, Bax JJ et al. Safety of perioperative statin use in high-risk patients undergoing major vascular surgery. Am J Cardiol 2005; 95: 658–60.
47. Werba JP, Tremoli E, Massironi P et al. Statins in coronary bypass surgery: rationale and clinical use. Ann Thorac Surg 2003; 76: 2132–40.
48. Ridker PM, Danielson E, Fonseca C et al. Rosuvastatin to prevent vascular events in men and women with elevated C-reactive protein. N Engl J Med 2008; 359: 2195–207.
49. Ballantyne CM, Houri J, Notarbartolo A et al. Circulation 2003; 107: 2409–15.
50. Christenson JT. Preoperative lipid-control with simvastatin reduces the risk of postoperative thrombocytosis and thrombotic complications following CABG. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 1999; 15: 394–9.
51. Osamah H, Mira R, Sorina S et al. Reduced platelet aggregation after fluvastatin therapy is associated with altered platelet lipid composition and drug binding to the platelets. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1997; 44: 77–83.
52. Broijersen A, Eriksson M, Larson PT et al. Effects of function in familial hypercholesterolemia. Eur J Clin Invest 1994; 24: 488–98.
53. Davi G, Averna M, Novo S et al. Effect of synvinolin on platelet aggregation and thromboxane B2 synthesis in type IIa hypercholesterolemic patients. Atherosclerosis 1989; 79: 79–83.
54. Notarbartolo A, Davi G, Averna M et al. Inhibition of thromboxane biosynthesis and platelet function by simvastatin in type IIa hypercholesterolemia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1995; 15: 247–51.
55. Broijersen A, Eriksson M, Leijd B et al. No influence of simvastatin treatment on platelet function in vivo in patients with hypercholesterolemia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1997; 17: 273–8.
56. Brull DJ, Sanders J, Rumley A et al. Statin therapy and the acute inflammatory response after coronary artery bypass grafting. Am J Cardiol 2001; 88: 431–3.
57. Muhlestein JB, Horne BD, Bair TL et al. Usefulness of in- hospital prescription of statin agents after angiographic diagnosis of coronary artery disease by improving continued compliance and reduced mortality. Am J Cardiol 2001; 87: 257–61.
2. Taggart DP, Browne SM, Halligan PW, Wade DT. Is cardiopulmonary bypass still the cause of cognitive dysfunction after cardiac operations? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1999; 118: 414–21.
3. Abreu JE, Reilly J, Salzano RP et al. Comparison of frequencies of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting with and without the use of cardiopulmonary bypass. Am J Cardiol 1999; 83 (5): 775–6.
4. Pinon P, Kaski JC. Inflammation, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease risk. Rev Esp Cardiol 2006; 59 (3): 247–58.
5. Esposito S, Tremolati E, Begliatti E et al. Evaluation of rapid bedside test for the quantitative determination of C-reactive protein. Clin Chem Lab Med 2005; 43: 438–40.
6. Advances in cardiac surgery. Eds. R.Karp, H.Laks. St. Louis, 1995: 131–67.
7. Patti G, Chello M, Cadura D et al. Randomized trial of atorvastatin for reduction of postoperative atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: results of the Armyda-3 (Atorvastatin for Reduction of Myocardial Dysrhythmia After cardiac surgery) study. Circulation 2006; 114: 1455–61.
8. Сlark LL, Ikonomidis JS, Crawford FA. Preoperative statin treatment is associated with reduced postoperative mortality in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: an 8-year retrospective cohort study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2006; 131: 679–85.
9. Pan W, Pintar T, Anton J et al. Statins are associated with a reduced incidence of perioperative mortality after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Circulation 2004; 110 (Suppl. 1): II45–9.
10. Powell BD, Bybee KA, Valeti U et al. Influence of preoperative lipid-lowering therapy on postoperative outcome in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Am J Cardiol 2007; 99: 785–9.
11. Thielmann M, Neugauser M, Marr A et al. Lipid-lowering effect of preoperative statin therapy on postoperative major adverse cardiac events after coronary artery bypass surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2007; 134: 1143–9.
12. Ali IS, Buth KJ. Preoperative statin use and outcomes following cardiac surgery. Int J Cardiol 2005; 103: 12–8.
13. Christenson JT. Preoperative Lipid-control with simvastatin reduces the risk of postoperative thrombocytosis and thrombotic complications following CABG. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 1999; 15: 394–9.
14. Coleman CI, Lucek DM, Hammond J, White CM. Preoperative statins and infectious complications following cardiac surgery. Curr Med Res Opin 2007; 23: 1783–90.
15. Барбараш Л.С., Шафранская К.С., Иванов С.В. и др. Возможности использования модифицированной шкалы EuroScore в прогнозирования неблагоприятных исходов коронарного шунтирования. Патология кровообращения и кардиохирургия. 2010; 2: 52–6.
16. Lefer AM, Campbell B, Shin YK et al. Simvastatin preserves the ischemic-reperfused myocardium in normocholesterolemic rat hearts. Circulation 1999; 100: 178–84.
17. Dotani MI, Morise AP, Haque R et al. Association between short-term simvastatin therapy before coronary artery bypass grafting and postoperative myocardial blood flow as assessed by positron emission tomography. Am J Cardiol 2003; 91: 1107–9.
18. Aboyans V, Labrousse L, Lacroix P et al. Predictive factors of stroke in patient undergoing coronary bypass grafting: statins are protective. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2006; 30: 300–4.
19. Tabata M, Khalpey Z, Pirundini PA et al. Renoprotective effect of preoperative statins in coronary artery bypass grafting. Am J Cardiol 2007; 100: 442–4.
20. Liakopoulos OJ, Choi Y-H, Haldenwang PL et al. Impact of preoperative statin therapy on adverse outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis of over 30 000 patients. Eur Heart J 2008; 29: 1548–59.
21. Marin F, Pascual DA, Roldan V et al. Statins and postoperative risk of atrial fibrillation following coronary artery bypass grafting. Am J Cardiol 2006; 97: 55–60.
22. Mariscalco G, Lorusso R, Klersy C et al. Observational study on the beneficial effect of preoperative statins in reducing atrial fibrillation after coronary surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 2007; 84: 1158–64.
23. Shantsila E, Watson T, Lip GY. Atrial fibrillation post-cardiac surgery: changing perspectives. Curr Med Res Opin 2006; 22: 1437–41.
24. Ji Q, Mei Y, Wang X et al. Effect of preoperative atorvastatin therapy on atrial fibrillation following off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. Circ J 2009; 73: 2244–9.
25. Knayzer B, Abramov D, Natalia B et al. Atrial fibrillation and plasma troponin I elevation after cardiac surgery: relation to inflammation-associated parameters. J Card Surg 2007; 22: 117–23.
26. Motwani JG, Topol EJ. Aortocoronary saphenous vein graft disease. Pathogenesis, predisposition, and prevention. Circulation 1998; 97: 916–31.
27. Holt CM, Francis SE, Newby AC et al. Comparison of response to injury in organ culture of human saphenous vein and internal mammary artery. Ann Thorac Surg 1993; 55: 1522–8.
28. Muluk SC, Vorp DA, Severyn DA et al. Enhancement of tissue factor expression by vein segments exposed to coronary arterial hemodynamis. J Vasc Surg 1998; 27: 521–7.
29. Lievadot J, Murasawa S, Kureishi Y et al. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor mobilizes bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells. J Clin Invest 2001; 108: 399–405.
30. Тепляков А.Т., Мамчур С. Е., Вечерский Ю. Ю. Коронарное шунтирование. Оптимизация восстановительного шунтирования. Томск: Изд-во Томского ун-та 2006; 362.
31. Werda JP, Tremoli E, Massironi P et al. Statins in coronary bypass surgery: rationale and clinical use. Ann Thorac Surg 2003; 76: 2132–40.
32. Kangasniemi OR, Biancari F, Luukkonen J et al. Preoperative C-reactive protein is predictive of long-term outcome after coronary artery bypass surgery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2006; 29: 983–5.
33. Palmerini T, Marzocchi A, Marrozzini C et al. Preoperative C-reactive protein levels predict 9-month mortality after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery for the treatment of left main coronary artery stenosis. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2007; 31: 685–90.
34. Field KM. Effect of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels. Pharmacotherapy 2005; 25: 1365–77.
35. Prasad K. C-reactive protein (CRP)-lowering agents. Cardiovasc Drug Rev 2006; 24: 33–50.
36. Holm T, Andreassen AK, Ueland T et al. Effect of pravastatin on plasma markers of inflammation and peripheral endothelial function in male heart transplant recipients. Am J Cardiol 2001; 87: 815–8.
37. Poldermans D, Bax JJ, Kertai MD et al. Statins are associated with a reduced incidence of perioperative mortality in patients undergoing major noncardiac vascular surgery. Circulation 2003; 107: 1848–51.
38. Heeschen C, Hamm CW, Laufs U et al. Withdrawal of statins increases event rates in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Circulation 2002; 105: 1446–52.
39. Furukawa Y, Taniguchi R, Ehara N, Ozasa N. Better survival with statin administration after revascularization therapy in Japanese patients with coronary artery disease. Circ J 2008; 72: 1937–45.
40. Collard C D, Body SC, Shernan SK et al. Preoperative statin therapy is associated with reduced cardiac mortality after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2006; 132: 392–400.
41. Biccard BM, Sear JW, Foex P. Statin therapy: a potentially useful perioperative intervention in patients with cardiovascular disease. Anaesthesia 2005; 60: 1106–14.
42. Hindler K, Shaw AD, Samuels J et al. Improved postoperative outcomes associated with preoperative statin therapy. Anesthesiology 2006; 105: 1260–72.
43. Karthikeyan G, Bhargava B. Managing patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery: need to shift emphasis from risk stratification to risk modification. Heart 2006; 92: 17–20.
44. Schouten O, Bax JJ, Dunkelgrun M et al. Statins for the prevention of perioperative cardiovascular complications in vascular surgery. J Vasc Surg 2006; 44: 419–24.
45. Dunkelgrun M, Schouten O, Feringa HH et al. Beneficial effects statins on perioperative cardiovascular outcome. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2006; 19: 418–22.
46. Schouten O, Kertai MD, Bax JJ et al. Safety of perioperative statin use in high-risk patients undergoing major vascular surgery. Am J Cardiol 2005; 95: 658–60.
47. Werba JP, Tremoli E, Massironi P et al. Statins in coronary bypass surgery: rationale and clinical use. Ann Thorac Surg 2003; 76: 2132–40.
48. Ridker PM, Danielson E, Fonseca C et al. Rosuvastatin to prevent vascular events in men and women with elevated C-reactive protein. N Engl J Med 2008; 359: 2195–207.
49. Ballantyne CM, Houri J, Notarbartolo A et al. Circulation 2003; 107: 2409–15.
50. Christenson JT. Preoperative lipid-control with simvastatin reduces the risk of postoperative thrombocytosis and thrombotic complications following CABG. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 1999; 15: 394–9.
51. Osamah H, Mira R, Sorina S et al. Reduced platelet aggregation after fluvastatin therapy is associated with altered platelet lipid composition and drug binding to the platelets. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1997; 44: 77–83.
52. Broijersen A, Eriksson M, Larson PT et al. Effects of function in familial hypercholesterolemia. Eur J Clin Invest 1994; 24: 488–98.
53. Davi G, Averna M, Novo S et al. Effect of synvinolin on platelet aggregation and thromboxane B2 synthesis in type IIa hypercholesterolemic patients. Atherosclerosis 1989; 79: 79–83.
54. Notarbartolo A, Davi G, Averna M et al. Inhibition of thromboxane biosynthesis and platelet function by simvastatin in type IIa hypercholesterolemia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1995; 15: 247–51.
55. Broijersen A, Eriksson M, Leijd B et al. No influence of simvastatin treatment on platelet function in vivo in patients with hypercholesterolemia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1997; 17: 273–8.
56. Brull DJ, Sanders J, Rumley A et al. Statin therapy and the acute inflammatory response after coronary artery bypass grafting. Am J Cardiol 2001; 88: 431–3.
57. Muhlestein JB, Horne BD, Bair TL et al. Usefulness of in- hospital prescription of statin agents after angiographic diagnosis of coronary artery disease by improving continued compliance and reduced mortality. Am J Cardiol 2001; 87: 257–61.
Авторы
О.Л.Барбараш*2, Ю.В.Байракова1, Е.М.Кургузова2
1 УРАМН НИИ комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний СО РАМН;
2 ГОУ ВПО Кемеровская государственная медицинская академия Федерального агентства по здравоохранению и социальному развитию
*olb61@mail.ru
1 УРАМН НИИ комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний СО РАМН;
2 ГОУ ВПО Кемеровская государственная медицинская академия Федерального агентства по здравоохранению и социальному развитию
*olb61@mail.ru
________________________________________________
O.L.Barbarash*2, J.V.Bayrakova1, E.M.Kurguzova2
1 RAMS Research Institute for Complex Problems of cardiovascular disease SD RAMS;
2 State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Educational Institution Kemerovo State Medical Academy, Federal Agency for Health Care and Social Development
*olb61@mail.ru
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