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Роль статинов в первичной профилактике сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний (обзор литературы)
Роль статинов в первичной профилактике сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний (обзор литературы)
Материалы доступны только для специалистов сферы здравоохранения. Авторизуйтесь или зарегистрируйтесь.
Аннотация
С появлением все новых классов гиполипидемических средств и усовершенствованием методик, оценивающих их эффективность, стал повышаться интерес к их назначению в процессе первичной профилактики сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Особый интерес в этом плане стали представлять статины. Трудности могут возникнуть в связи с идентификацией «истинной» первичной профилактики. Огромное значение должно иметь определение суммарного сердечно-сосудистого риска у практически здоровых лиц. Именно эти критерии должны служить основанием для применения статинов в первичной профилактике.
Ключевые слова: статины, атеросклероз, первичная профилактика.
Key words: statins, atherosclerosis, primary prevention.
Ключевые слова: статины, атеросклероз, первичная профилактика.
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Key words: statins, atherosclerosis, primary prevention.
Полный текст
Список литературы
1. Committee of Principal Investigators, WHO co-operative trail on primary prevention of ischemic heart disease using clofibrate to lower serum cholesterol: mortality follow-up. Lancet 1980; 2: 379–85.
2. Lipid Research Clinics Programm. The Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention trial results. 1. Reduction in incidence of coronary heart disease. JAMA 1984; 251: 351–64.
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8. Sharrett AR, Ding J, Criqui MH et al. Smoking, diabetes, and blood cholesterol differ in their association with subclinical atherosclerosis; the Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Ateroscler 2006; 186: 441–7.
9. Bansai S, Buring JE, Rifai N et al. Fasting compared with nonfasting triglicerides and risk of cardiovascular events in woman. JAMA 2007; 298 (3): 109–16.
10. Arima H, Yonemoto K, Doi Y et al. Development and validation of cardiovascular risk prediction model for Japanese: the Hisayama study. Hypertens Res 2009; 32 (12): 119–22.
11. Thompson GR, Holyer J, Waters DD. Percentage change rather than plasma level of LDL-cholesterol determines therapeutic response in coronary heart disease. Curr Opinion Lipidol 1995; 6: 386–8.
12. Thompson GR. What targets should lipid-modulating therapy achieve to optimize the prevention of coronary heart disease? Atherosclerosis 1997, 131: 1–5.
13. Goff DCJr, Bertoni AG, Kramer H et al. Dyslipidemia prevalence, treatment and control in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA): gender, ethnicity and coronary artery calcium, Circulаtion 2006; 113: 647–56.
14. Alsheikh-Ali AA, Lin JL, Abourjaily P et al. Extent to Which accepted serum lipid goals are achieved in a contemporary general medical population with coronary heart disease risk equivalents. Am J Cardiol 2006; 98 (9): 1231–3.
15. Brewer B. Benefit-risk assessment of Rousuvastatin 10 to 40milligrams. Am J Cardiol 2003; 92: 23–9.
16. Knopp RH. Drug treatment of lipid disorders. N Eng J Med 1999; 341: 498–509.
17. Stalenhoef AF, Ballantyne CM, Sarti C et al. A comparative study with rosuvastatin in subjects with metabolic syndrome: results of the COMETS study. Eur Heart J 2005; 26 (24): 2664–72.
18. Sacks FN, Pfeffer MA, Moye LA et al. The effect of pravastatin on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol level. N Engl J Med 1996; 335: 1001–9.
19. The long-term prevention with pravastatin in ischemic disease (LIPID) Study Group. Prevention of cardiovascular events and death with pravastatin in patients with coronary Heart disease and a broad range of initial cholesterol levels. N Engl J Med 1998; 339: 1349–57.
20. Downs JR, Clearfield M, Weis S et al. for the AFCAPS/TexCAPS Research Group. Primary prevention of acute coronary events with lovastatin in men and women with average cholesterol levels. JAMA 1998; 279: 1615–22.
21. West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study. Influence of pravastatin and plasma lipids on clinical events in the West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study (WOSCOPS). Circulation 1998; 97: 1440–5.
22. JUPITER Study group. Rosuvastatin in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease among patients with low levels of lowdensitylipoprotein cholesterol and elevated high sensitivity. C-reactive protein: rationale and design of the JUPITER trial. Circulation 2003; 108: 2292–7.
23. Ridker PM, Danielson E, Fonseca FA et al. Rosuvastatin to prevent vascular events in men and woman with elevated C-reactive protein. New Engl J Med 2008; 10: 1056.
24. Sever PS, Dahlof B, Poulter NR et al. for the ASCOT investigators. Prevention of coronary and stroke events with atorvastatin in hypertensive patients who have average or lower–than–average cholesterol concentrations, in the Anglo–Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial–Lipid Lowering Arm (ASCOT–LLA): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2003; 361: 1149–58.
25. Sever P, Dahlof B, Wedel H et al. Potential synergy between lipid–lowering and blood–pressure–lowering In the Anglo–Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial. European Heart Journal 2006; 27: 2982–8.
26. Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group. MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20536 high-risk patients: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2002; 360: 7–22.
27. Shepherd J, Blauw GJ, Murphy MB et al. Pravastatin in elderly individuals at risk of vascular disease (PROSPER): a randomized controlled trial. Lancet 2002; 360: 1623–30.
28. Jones PH, Davidson MH, Stein EA et al. STELLAR Study Group. Comparison of the efficacy and safety of rosuvastatin versus atorvastatin, simvastatin and pravastatin across doses (STELLAR trial). Am J Cardiol 2003; 92: 152–60.
29. Kjekshus J, Pedersen TR, Olsson AG et al. The effects of simvastatin on the incidence of heart failure in patients with coronary heart disease. Am Heart J 2002; 144: 1044–51.
30. Schuster, H and Fox, JC. Investigating cardiovascular risk reduction – the Rosuvastatin GALAXY Programme. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2004; 5 (5): 1187–200.
31. Biasetto JW, Stein EA, Brown WV et al. Efficacy of rosuvastatin compared with other statins at seleted starting doses in hypercholesterolemic patients and special population groups. Am J Cardiol 2003; 91 (Suppl.): 3–10.
32. Hunningbake DB, Stein EA, Bays HE et al. Rosuvastatin improves the atherogenic and atheroprotective lipid profile in patients with hypertriglyceridemia. Coron Artery DIs 2004; 15: 115–23.
33. Kosoglou T, Meyer I, Musiol B et al. Pharmacodynamic interaction between the new selective cholesterol absorption inhibitor ezetimibe and simvastatin. Atherocslerosis 2000; 151: 135.
34. Farnier M, Averna M, Missault L et al. Lipid-altering efficacy of ezetimibe/simvastatin 10/20mg compared with rosuvaststin 10-mg in high-risk hypercholesterolaemic patients inadequately controlled with prior statin monotherapy – The IN-CROSS study. Int J Clin Pract 2009; 63 (4): 547–59.
35. Nissen S, Nichols S, Sipahi L et al. Effect of very high-intensity statin therapy on regression of coronary atherosclerosis. The ASTEROID trial. JAMA 2006; 295 (13): 1556–65.
36. Bale BF, Doneen AL, Drueding R et al. Aggressive risk factor modification in patients with subclinical atherosclerosis reduces plaque burden and regresses carotid artery wall thickness. Atherosclerosis 2006; 7 (Suppl.): 161.
37. Crouse JR III, Raichlen JS, Riley WA et al. Effect of Rosuvastatin on Progression of Carotid IntimaMedia Thickness in Low-Risk Individuals With Subclinical Atherosclerosis: The METEOR Trial. JAMA 2007; 297: 1344–53.
38. Fleg Jl, Mete M, Howard BV et al. Effect statins alone versus statins plus ezetimibe on carotid atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes. The SANDS (Stop Atherosclerosis in Native Diabetis Study) trial. JACC 2008; 52: 2198–205.
39. Blumenthal RS, Mishos ED. The HALTS trials – halting atherosclerosis or halted too early. N Engl J Med 2009; 361: 2178–89.
40. Sharma K, Blaha MJ, Blumenthal RS. Clinical and research application of carotid intima-media thickness. Am J Cardiol 2009; 103: 1316–20.
41. Finn AV, Kologie FD, Virmani R. Correlation between carotid intimal/medial thickness and atherosclerosis: a point of view from pathology. Arteriosler Thromb Vasc Biol 2010; 30 (2): 177–81.
42. ACCORD Study Group. Effects of combination lipid therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 2010; 362 (17): 1563–74.
43. Кухарчук В.В. Медикаментозная терапия нарушений липидного обмена у больных сахарным диабетом: решенные и нерешенные вопросы. Cons. Med. 2006; 2 (2).
44. Brown BG, Zhao XQ, Chait A et al. Simvastatin and niacin, antioxidant vitamins, or the combination for the prevention of coronary disease. N Engl J Med 2001; 345: 1583–92.
45. GISSI – Prevenzione Simopoulos AP. w-3 fatty acids in the prevention-management of cardiovascular disease. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1997; 75: 234–9.
2. Lipid Research Clinics Programm. The Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention trial results. 1. Reduction in incidence of coronary heart disease. JAMA 1984; 251: 351–64.
3. Аронов Д.М., Лупанов В.П. Атеросклероз и коронарная болезнь сердца. М., 2005.
4. Бубнова М.Г., Аронов Д.М., Перова Н.В. Липидкорригирующая эффективность низкой дозы аторвостатина у больных сахарным диабетом типа 2. Сахарный диабет. 2003; 1: 30–4.
5. Национальные рекомендации по диагностике и коррекции нарушений липидного обмена с целью профилактики и лечения атеросклероза. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2007; 6 (6). Прил. 3.
6. Козиолова Н.А. Комбинированная липидкорригирующая терапия: выбор стратегии и тактики. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2010; 9 (4): 107–15.
7. Brief M, Ferreira-Gonzalez I, You JJ et al. Association between change in high density lipoprotein cholesterol and cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality: systematic review and meta-regression analysis. BMJ 2009; 338: a 3065; b 92.
8. Sharrett AR, Ding J, Criqui MH et al. Smoking, diabetes, and blood cholesterol differ in their association with subclinical atherosclerosis; the Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Ateroscler 2006; 186: 441–7.
9. Bansai S, Buring JE, Rifai N et al. Fasting compared with nonfasting triglicerides and risk of cardiovascular events in woman. JAMA 2007; 298 (3): 109–16.
10. Arima H, Yonemoto K, Doi Y et al. Development and validation of cardiovascular risk prediction model for Japanese: the Hisayama study. Hypertens Res 2009; 32 (12): 119–22.
11. Thompson GR, Holyer J, Waters DD. Percentage change rather than plasma level of LDL-cholesterol determines therapeutic response in coronary heart disease. Curr Opinion Lipidol 1995; 6: 386–8.
12. Thompson GR. What targets should lipid-modulating therapy achieve to optimize the prevention of coronary heart disease? Atherosclerosis 1997, 131: 1–5.
13. Goff DCJr, Bertoni AG, Kramer H et al. Dyslipidemia prevalence, treatment and control in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA): gender, ethnicity and coronary artery calcium, Circulаtion 2006; 113: 647–56.
14. Alsheikh-Ali AA, Lin JL, Abourjaily P et al. Extent to Which accepted serum lipid goals are achieved in a contemporary general medical population with coronary heart disease risk equivalents. Am J Cardiol 2006; 98 (9): 1231–3.
15. Brewer B. Benefit-risk assessment of Rousuvastatin 10 to 40milligrams. Am J Cardiol 2003; 92: 23–9.
16. Knopp RH. Drug treatment of lipid disorders. N Eng J Med 1999; 341: 498–509.
17. Stalenhoef AF, Ballantyne CM, Sarti C et al. A comparative study with rosuvastatin in subjects with metabolic syndrome: results of the COMETS study. Eur Heart J 2005; 26 (24): 2664–72.
18. Sacks FN, Pfeffer MA, Moye LA et al. The effect of pravastatin on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol level. N Engl J Med 1996; 335: 1001–9.
19. The long-term prevention with pravastatin in ischemic disease (LIPID) Study Group. Prevention of cardiovascular events and death with pravastatin in patients with coronary Heart disease and a broad range of initial cholesterol levels. N Engl J Med 1998; 339: 1349–57.
20. Downs JR, Clearfield M, Weis S et al. for the AFCAPS/TexCAPS Research Group. Primary prevention of acute coronary events with lovastatin in men and women with average cholesterol levels. JAMA 1998; 279: 1615–22.
21. West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study. Influence of pravastatin and plasma lipids on clinical events in the West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study (WOSCOPS). Circulation 1998; 97: 1440–5.
22. JUPITER Study group. Rosuvastatin in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease among patients with low levels of lowdensitylipoprotein cholesterol and elevated high sensitivity. C-reactive protein: rationale and design of the JUPITER trial. Circulation 2003; 108: 2292–7.
23. Ridker PM, Danielson E, Fonseca FA et al. Rosuvastatin to prevent vascular events in men and woman with elevated C-reactive protein. New Engl J Med 2008; 10: 1056.
24. Sever PS, Dahlof B, Poulter NR et al. for the ASCOT investigators. Prevention of coronary and stroke events with atorvastatin in hypertensive patients who have average or lower–than–average cholesterol concentrations, in the Anglo–Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial–Lipid Lowering Arm (ASCOT–LLA): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2003; 361: 1149–58.
25. Sever P, Dahlof B, Wedel H et al. Potential synergy between lipid–lowering and blood–pressure–lowering In the Anglo–Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial. European Heart Journal 2006; 27: 2982–8.
26. Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group. MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20536 high-risk patients: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2002; 360: 7–22.
27. Shepherd J, Blauw GJ, Murphy MB et al. Pravastatin in elderly individuals at risk of vascular disease (PROSPER): a randomized controlled trial. Lancet 2002; 360: 1623–30.
28. Jones PH, Davidson MH, Stein EA et al. STELLAR Study Group. Comparison of the efficacy and safety of rosuvastatin versus atorvastatin, simvastatin and pravastatin across doses (STELLAR trial). Am J Cardiol 2003; 92: 152–60.
29. Kjekshus J, Pedersen TR, Olsson AG et al. The effects of simvastatin on the incidence of heart failure in patients with coronary heart disease. Am Heart J 2002; 144: 1044–51.
30. Schuster, H and Fox, JC. Investigating cardiovascular risk reduction – the Rosuvastatin GALAXY Programme. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2004; 5 (5): 1187–200.
31. Biasetto JW, Stein EA, Brown WV et al. Efficacy of rosuvastatin compared with other statins at seleted starting doses in hypercholesterolemic patients and special population groups. Am J Cardiol 2003; 91 (Suppl.): 3–10.
32. Hunningbake DB, Stein EA, Bays HE et al. Rosuvastatin improves the atherogenic and atheroprotective lipid profile in patients with hypertriglyceridemia. Coron Artery DIs 2004; 15: 115–23.
33. Kosoglou T, Meyer I, Musiol B et al. Pharmacodynamic interaction between the new selective cholesterol absorption inhibitor ezetimibe and simvastatin. Atherocslerosis 2000; 151: 135.
34. Farnier M, Averna M, Missault L et al. Lipid-altering efficacy of ezetimibe/simvastatin 10/20mg compared with rosuvaststin 10-mg in high-risk hypercholesterolaemic patients inadequately controlled with prior statin monotherapy – The IN-CROSS study. Int J Clin Pract 2009; 63 (4): 547–59.
35. Nissen S, Nichols S, Sipahi L et al. Effect of very high-intensity statin therapy on regression of coronary atherosclerosis. The ASTEROID trial. JAMA 2006; 295 (13): 1556–65.
36. Bale BF, Doneen AL, Drueding R et al. Aggressive risk factor modification in patients with subclinical atherosclerosis reduces plaque burden and regresses carotid artery wall thickness. Atherosclerosis 2006; 7 (Suppl.): 161.
37. Crouse JR III, Raichlen JS, Riley WA et al. Effect of Rosuvastatin on Progression of Carotid IntimaMedia Thickness in Low-Risk Individuals With Subclinical Atherosclerosis: The METEOR Trial. JAMA 2007; 297: 1344–53.
38. Fleg Jl, Mete M, Howard BV et al. Effect statins alone versus statins plus ezetimibe on carotid atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes. The SANDS (Stop Atherosclerosis in Native Diabetis Study) trial. JACC 2008; 52: 2198–205.
39. Blumenthal RS, Mishos ED. The HALTS trials – halting atherosclerosis or halted too early. N Engl J Med 2009; 361: 2178–89.
40. Sharma K, Blaha MJ, Blumenthal RS. Clinical and research application of carotid intima-media thickness. Am J Cardiol 2009; 103: 1316–20.
41. Finn AV, Kologie FD, Virmani R. Correlation between carotid intimal/medial thickness and atherosclerosis: a point of view from pathology. Arteriosler Thromb Vasc Biol 2010; 30 (2): 177–81.
42. ACCORD Study Group. Effects of combination lipid therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 2010; 362 (17): 1563–74.
43. Кухарчук В.В. Медикаментозная терапия нарушений липидного обмена у больных сахарным диабетом: решенные и нерешенные вопросы. Cons. Med. 2006; 2 (2).
44. Brown BG, Zhao XQ, Chait A et al. Simvastatin and niacin, antioxidant vitamins, or the combination for the prevention of coronary disease. N Engl J Med 2001; 345: 1583–92.
45. GISSI – Prevenzione Simopoulos AP. w-3 fatty acids in the prevention-management of cardiovascular disease. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1997; 75: 234–9.
Авторы
Р.А.Еганян
ФГБУ Государственный научно-исследовательский центр профилактической медицины Минздрава РФ, Москва
State Research Center of Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow
ФГБУ Государственный научно-исследовательский центр профилактической медицины Минздрава РФ, Москва
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State Research Center of Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow
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