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Возможность стабилизации атеросклероза в сонных артериях при терапии статинами
Возможность стабилизации атеросклероза в сонных артериях при терапии статинами
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Аннотация
Атеросклероз и его основные осложнения (инфаркт миокарда, ишемический инсульт, перемежающаяся хромота) являются серьезной медико-социальной проблемой в Российской Федерации. Ингибиторы редуктазы гидроксиметил-глютарил кофермента А (статины) – обязательный компонент терапии в первичной и вторичной профилактике атеросклероза (Рекомендации European Society of Cardiology/European Atherosclerosis Society − ESC/EAS 2011; Российского кардиологического общества/Российского национального общества атеросклероза – РКО/РНОА 2012). В этом литературном обзоре обсуждаются результаты ранних «регрессионных» исследований, приводятся краткий обзор современных исследований по регрессии и стабилизации атеросклероза с использованием магнитно-резонансной томографии, а также обоснование и исходные характеристики российского «регрессионного» исследования «ФРЕГАТ».
Ключевые слова: сердечно-сосудистые заболевания, атеросклероз, сонные артерии, трехмерное ультразвуковое исследование, стабилизация, регрессия, статины, Мертенил.
Key words: cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, carotid arteries, three-dimensional ultrasound, stabilization, regression, statins, Mertenil.
Ключевые слова: сердечно-сосудистые заболевания, атеросклероз, сонные артерии, трехмерное ультразвуковое исследование, стабилизация, регрессия, статины, Мертенил.
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Key words: cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, carotid arteries, three-dimensional ultrasound, stabilization, regression, statins, Mertenil.
Полный текст
Список литературы
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2. Demograficheskii ezhegodnik Rossii. 2010. [in Russian]
3. ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias. Atherosclerosis 2011; p. 217S.S1−S44
4. Diagnostika i korrektsiia narushenii lipidnogo obmena s tsel'iu profilaktiki i lecheniia ateroskleroza: Rossiiskie rekomendatsii (V peresmotr). Ateroskleroz i dislipidemii. 2012; 4 (9). [in Russian]
5. Oganov R.G., Kukharchuk V.V., Arutiunov G.P. i dr. Sokhraniaiushchiesia narusheniia lipidnogo spektra u patsientov s dislipidemiiami, poluchaiushchikh statiny v real'noi klinicheskoi praktike v RF (rossiiskaia chast' issledovaniia DYSIS). Kardiovask. terapiia i profilaktika. 2012; 4: 1–10. [in Russian]
6. Amarenco P, Labreuche J, Lavalle´ e P, Touboul PJ. Statins in stroke prevention and carotid atherosclerosis: systematic review and up-to-date meta-analysis. Stroke 2004; 35: 2902–9.
7. Rekomendatsii Evropeiskogo obshchestva kardiologov i Evropeiskogo obshchestva ateroskleroza po lecheniiu dislipidemii. Ratsion. farmakoterapiia v kardiologii. 2012 (Pril. 1). [in Russian]
8. Diagnostika i korrektsiia narushenii lipidnogo obmena s tsel'iu profilaktiki i lecheniia ateroskleroza. Rossiiskie rekomendatsii. 5-i peresmotr. M., 2012. [in Russian]
9. Natsional'nye rekomendatsii po vedeniiu patsientov s sosudistoi arterial'noi gipertenziei (Rossiiskii soglasitel'nyi dokument). Rossiiskoe obshchestvo angiologov i sosudistykh khirurgov, Assotsiatsiia serdechno-sosudistykh khirurgov. M., 2012. [in Russian]
10. Koenig W. Atherosclerosis involves more than just lipids: focus on inflammation. Eur Heart J 1999; 1 (Suppl. 1): 19–26.
11. Ross R. Atherosclerosis an inflammatory disease. N Engl J Med 1999; 340: 115–26.
12. Nordestgaard BG, Grønholdt ML, Sillesen H et al. Echolucent rupture-prone plaques. Curr Opin Lipidol 2003; 14 (5): 505–12.
13. Puato M, Zambon A, Faggin E et al. Statin treatment and carotid plaque composition. Review of clinical studies. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2012.
14. Hodis HN, Mack WJ, La Bree L et al. Reduction in carotid arterial wall thickness using lovastatin and dietary therapy: a randomised, controlled clinical trial. Ann Intern Med 1996; 24: 548–56.
15. Kroon AA, Asten van WNJC, Stalenhoef AFH. Effects of apheresis of low-density lipoprotein on peripheral vascular disease in hypercholesterolaemic patients with coronary artery disease. Ann Intern Med 1996; 125: 945–54.
16. Amtzenius AC, Kromhout D, Barth JD et al. Diet, lipoproteins and the progression of coronary atherosclerosis. The Leiden Intervention. Trial N Engl J Med 1985; 312 (13): 805–11.
17. Brown G, Albers JJ, Fisher LD et al. Regression of coronary artery disease as a result of intensive lipid-lowering therapy in men with high levels of apolipoprotein B. N Engl J Med 1990; 323: 1289–98.
18. Stone NJ, Robinson JG, Lichtenstein AH et al. 2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation 2014; 129 (25 Suppl. 2): S1−45.
19. Furberg CD, Adams Jr HP, Applegate WB et al. For the Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Progression Study (ACAPS) research group. Effect of lovastatin on early carotid atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. Circulation 1994; 90: 1679e87.
20. Mercuri M, Bond MG, Sirtori CR et al. Pravastatin reduces carotid intima–media thickness progression in an asymptomatic hypercholesterolemic mediterranean population: the Carotid Atherosclerosis Italian Ultrasound Study (CAIUS). Am J Med 1996; 101: 627e34.
21. De Groot E, Zwinderman AH, van der Steen AF et al. Variance components analysis of carotid and femoral intima–media thickness measurements. REGRESS Study Group. Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of The Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands. Regression growth evaluation statin study. Ultrasound Med Biol 1998; 24: 825e32.
22. MacMahon S, Sharpe N, Gamble G et al. Effects of lowering average of below average cholesterol levels on the progression of carotid atherosclerosis: results of the LIPID Atherosclerosis Substudy. LIPID Trial Research Group. Circulation 1998; 97: 1784e90.
23. Taylor AJ, Kent SM, Flaherty PJ et al. ARBITER: arterial biology for the investigation of the treatment effects of reducing cholesterol: a randomized trial comparing the effects of atorvastatin and pravastatin on carotid intima–medial thickness. Circulation 2002; 106: 2055e60.
24. De Sauvage N, De Groot E, Zwinderman AH et al. Regression of carotid and femoral artery intima-media thickness in familial hypercholesterolemia: treatment with simvastatin. Arch Intern Med 2003; 163: 1837e41.
25. Smilde TJ, van WS, Wollersheim H et al. Effect of aggressive versus conventional lipid lowering on atherosclerosis progression in familial hypercholesterolaemia (ASAP): a prospective, randomised, double-blind trial. Lancet 2001; 357: 577e81.
26. Crouse JR, Raichlen JS, Riley WA et al. Effect of rosuvastatin on progression of carotid intima-media thickness in low-risk individuals with subclinical atherosclerosis: the METEOR Trial. JAMA 2007; 297: 1344e53.
27. Underhill HR, Yuan C, Zhao XQ et al. Effect of rosuvastatin therapy on carotid plaque morphology and composition in moderately hypercholesterolemic patients: a high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging trial. Am Heart J 2008; 155 (584): e1–8.
28. Miyauchi K, Takaya N, Hirose T et al. Rationale and design of the carotid plaque in human for all evaluations with aggressive rosuvastatin therapy (CHALLENGER trial): evaluation by magnetic resonance imaging. Circ J 2009; 73 (1): 111–5.
29. Saam T, Kerwin WS, Chu B et al. Sample size calculation for clinical trials using magnetic resonance imaging for the quantitative assessment of carotid atherosclerosis. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2005; 7: 799–808.
30. Takaya N, Yuan C, Chu B et al. Presence of intraplaque hemorrhage stimulates progression of carotid atherosclerotic plaques: a high resolution magnetic resonance imaging study. Circulation 2005; 111: 2768–75.
31. Saam T, Yuan C, Chu B et al. Predictors of carotid atherosclerotic plaque progression as measured by noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging. Atherosclerosis 2007; 194: e34–42.
32. Corti R, Fayad ZA, Fuster V et al. Effects of lipid-lowering by simvastatin on human atherosclerotic lesions: a longitudinal study by high-resolution, noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging. Circulation 2001; 104: 249e52.
33. Corti R, Fuster V, Fayad ZA et al. Effects of aggressive versus conventional lipid-lowering therapy by simvastatin on human atherosclerotic lesions: a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial with high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005; 46: 106e12.
34. Adam M. Noyes, Paul D. Thompson. A systematic review of the time course of atherosclerotic plaque Regression. Atherosclerosis 2014; 234 (1): 75–84.
35. Salonen R, Nyyssonen K, Porkkala E et al. Kuopio Atherosclerosis Prevention Study (KAPS). A population-based primary preventive trial of the effect of LDL lowering on atherosclerotic progression in carotid and femoral arteries. Circulation 1995; 92: 1758e64.
36. Takahashi T, Ishii N, Itai K et al. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors suppress the development and progression of carotid artery intimal medial thickening in hypercholesterolemic type 2 diabetic patients. J Atheroscler Thromb 2005; 12: 149e53.
37. Yu CM, Zhang Q, Lam L et al. Comparison of intensive and low-dose atorvastatin therapy in the reduction of carotid intimal-medial thickness in patients with coronary heart disease. Heart 2007; 93: 933e9.
38. Crouse JR, Byington RP, Bond MG. Pravastatin, lipids, and atherosclerosis in the carotid arteries (PLAC-II). Am J Cardiol 1995; 75: 455e9.
39. Beishuizen ED, van de Ree MA, Jukema JW et al. Two-year statin therapy does not alter the progression of intima–media thickness in patients with type 2 diabetes without manifest cardiovascular disease. Diabetes Care 2004; 12: 2887e92.
40. Bots ML, Visseren FL, Evans GW et al. Torcetrapib and carotid intima–media thickness in mixed dyslipidaemia (RADIANCE 2 study): a randomised, double-blind trial. Lancet 2007; 370: 153e60.
41. Kastelein JJ, van Leuven SI, Burgess L et al. Effect of torcetrapib on carotida the rosclerosis in familial hypercholesterolemia. N Engl J Med 2007; 356: 1620e30.
42. Ainsworth CD, Blake CC, Tamayo A et al. 3D Ultrasound Measurement of Change in Carotid Plaque Volume: A Tool for Rapid Evaluation of New Therapies. Stroke 2005; 36: 1904–9.
43. Kiyofumi Y, Shinichi Y, Masanori K et al. Effects of Atorvastatin on Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaques: A Randomized Trial for Quantitative Tissue Characterization of Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaques with Integrated Backscatter Ultrasound. Cerebrovasc Dis 2009; 28: 417–24.
44. Nakamura T, Obata JE, Kitta Y, Takano H et al. Rapid stabilization of vulnerable carotid plaque within 1 month of pitavastatin treatment in patients with acute coronary syndrome. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2008; 51 (4): 365–71.
45. Schminke U, Motsch L, Griewing B et al. Three-dimensional power-mode ultrasound for quantification of the progression of carotid artery atherosclerosis. J Neurol 2000; 247: 106–11.
46. Steinke W, Hennerici M. Three-dimensional ultrasound imaging of carotid artery plaques. J Card Tech 1989; 8: 15–22.
47. Schminke UL, Motsch L, Hilker L, Kessler C. Three-dimensional ultrasound observation of carotid artery plaque ulceration. Stroke 2000; 31: 1651–5.
48. Koshurnikova M.V., Balakhonova T.V., Karpov Iu.A. Vozmozhnosti ul'trazvukovoi trekhmernoi vizualizatsii pri izuchenii razmerov i struktury ateroskleroticheskoi bliashki. Ateroskleroz i dislipidemii. 2013; 4: 31–9. [in Russian]
49. Zubareva M.Iu., Rozhkova T.A., Ameliushkina V.A. i dr. Effektivnost', bezopasnost' i perenosimost' terapii rozuvastatinom 40 mg/sut u bol'nykh ochen' vysokogo serdechno-sosudistogo riska s pervichnoi giperkholesterinemiei (rezul'taty 24-nedel'nogo issledovaniia «40×40»). Farmateka. 2013; 7: 63–8. [in Russian]
50. Kekes E, Csaszar A. Testing the anti-lipid properties of rosuvastatin – a non-interventional, observational clinical study (TIGER). Cardiol Hungarica 2012; 42 (2): 61–7.
51. Giliarevskii S.R., Orlov V.A., Kuz'mina I.M. i dr. Gipolipidemicheskie effekty primeneniia intensivnykh rezhimov priema statinov pri lechenii bol'nykh s ostrym koronarnym sindromom: podkhody k vyboru preparata i ego dozy. Kardiologiia i serdechno-sosudistaia khirurgiia. 2012; 4: 36–41. [in Russian]
52. Drapkina O.M., Palatkina L.O., Ziatenkova E.V. Pleiotropnye effekty statinov. Vliianie na zhestkost' sosudov. Vrach. 2012; 9: 5–8. [in Russian]
53. Zadionchenko V.S., Shekhian G.G., Shakhrai N.B. i dr. Vliianie rozuvastatina na lipidnyi obmen, mikrotsirkuliatsiiu i pokazateli tsentral'noi gemodinamiki u bol'nykh s ostrym koronarnym sindromom. Consilium Medicum. 2011; 13 (5): 3–10. [in Russian]
54. Kaminnyj A.I., Shuvalova Ju.A., Shishova T.A., Kaminnaja V.I., Tutunov V.S., Soboleva D.I., Kuharchuk V.V. Efficacy and safety of rosuvastatin «From 5 to 40». The results of the 8-week study. Farmateka 2014;13:40. [in Russian]
2. Демографический ежегодник России. 2010. / Demograficheskii ezhegodnik Rossii. 2010. [in Russian]
3. ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias. Atherosclerosis 2011; p. 217S.S1−S44
4. Диагностика и коррекция нарушений липидного обмена с целью профилактики и лечения атеросклероза: Российские рекомендации (V пересмотр). Атеросклероз и дислипидемии. 2012; 4 (9). / Diagnostika i korrektsiia narushenii lipidnogo obmena s tsel'iu profilaktiki i lecheniia ateroskleroza: Rossiiskie rekomendatsii (V peresmotr). Ateroskleroz i dislipidemii. 2012; 4 (9). [in Russian]
5. Оганов Р.Г., Кухарчук В.В., Арутюнов Г.П. и др. Сохраняющиеся нарушения липидного спектра у пациентов с дислипидемиями, получающих статины в реальной клинической практике в РФ (российская часть исследования DYSIS). Кардиоваск. терапия и профилактика. 2012; 4: 1–10. / Oganov R.G., Kukharchuk V.V., Arutiunov G.P. i dr. Sokhraniaiushchiesia narusheniia lipidnogo spektra u patsientov s dislipidemiiami, poluchaiushchikh statiny v real'noi klinicheskoi praktike v RF (rossiiskaia chast' issledovaniia DYSIS). Kardiovask. terapiia i profilaktika. 2012; 4: 1–10. [in Russian]
6. Amarenco P, Labreuche J, Lavalle´ e P, Touboul PJ. Statins in stroke prevention and carotid atherosclerosis: systematic review and up-to-date meta-analysis. Stroke 2004; 35: 2902–9.
7. Рекомендации Европейского общества кардиологов и Европейского общества атеросклероза по лечению дислипидемий. Рацион. фармакотерапия в кардиологии. 2012 (Прил. 1). / Rekomendatsii Evropeiskogo obshchestva kardiologov i Evropeiskogo obshchestva ateroskleroza po lecheniiu dislipidemii. Ratsion. farmakoterapiia v kardiologii. 2012 (Pril. 1). [in Russian]
8. Диагностика и коррекция нарушений липидного обмена с целью профилактики и лечения атеросклероза. Российские рекомендации. 5-й пересмотр. М., 2012. / Diagnostika i korrektsiia narushenii lipidnogo obmena s tsel'iu profilaktiki i lecheniia ateroskleroza. Rossiiskie rekomendatsii. 5-i peresmotr. M., 2012. [in Russian]
9. Национальные рекомендации по ведению пациентов с сосудистой артериальной гипертензией (Российский согласительный документ). Российское общество ангиологов и сосудистых хирургов, Ассоциация сердечно-сосудистых хирургов. М., 2012. / Natsional'nye rekomendatsii po vedeniiu patsientov s sosudistoi arterial'noi gipertenziei (Rossiiskii soglasitel'nyi dokument). Rossiiskoe obshchestvo angiologov i sosudistykh khirurgov, Assotsiatsiia serdechno-sosudistykh khirurgov. M., 2012. [in Russian]
10. Koenig W. Atherosclerosis involves more than just lipids: focus on inflammation. Eur Heart J 1999; 1 (Suppl. 1): 19–26.
11. Ross R. Atherosclerosis an inflammatory disease. N Engl J Med 1999; 340: 115–26.
12. Nordestgaard BG, Grønholdt ML, Sillesen H et al. Echolucent rupture-prone plaques. Curr Opin Lipidol 2003; 14 (5): 505–12.
13. Puato M, Zambon A, Faggin E et al. Statin treatment and carotid plaque composition. Review of clinical studies. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2012.
14. Hodis HN, Mack WJ, La Bree L et al. Reduction in carotid arterial wall thickness using lovastatin and dietary therapy: a randomised, controlled clinical trial. Ann Intern Med 1996; 24: 548–56.
15. Kroon AA, Asten van WNJC, Stalenhoef AFH. Effects of apheresis of low-density lipoprotein on peripheral vascular disease in hypercholesterolaemic patients with coronary artery disease. Ann Intern Med 1996; 125: 945–54.
16. Amtzenius AC, Kromhout D, Barth JD et al. Diet, lipoproteins and the progression of coronary atherosclerosis. The Leiden Intervention. Trial N Engl J Med 1985; 312 (13): 805–11.
17. Brown G, Albers JJ, Fisher LD et al. Regression of coronary artery disease as a result of intensive lipid-lowering therapy in men with high levels of apolipoprotein B. N Engl J Med 1990; 323: 1289–98.
18. Stone NJ, Robinson JG, Lichtenstein AH et al. 2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation 2014; 129 (25 Suppl. 2): S1−45.
19. Furberg CD, Adams Jr HP, Applegate WB et al. For the Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Progression Study (ACAPS) research group. Effect of lovastatin on early carotid atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. Circulation 1994; 90: 1679e87.
20. Mercuri M, Bond MG, Sirtori CR et al. Pravastatin reduces carotid intima–media thickness progression in an asymptomatic hypercholesterolemic mediterranean population: the Carotid Atherosclerosis Italian Ultrasound Study (CAIUS). Am J Med 1996; 101: 627e34.
21. De Groot E, Zwinderman AH, van der Steen AF et al. Variance components analysis of carotid and femoral intima–media thickness measurements. REGRESS Study Group. Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of The Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands. Regression growth evaluation statin study. Ultrasound Med Biol 1998; 24: 825e32.
22. MacMahon S, Sharpe N, Gamble G et al. Effects of lowering average of below average cholesterol levels on the progression of carotid atherosclerosis: results of the LIPID Atherosclerosis Substudy. LIPID Trial Research Group. Circulation 1998; 97: 1784e90.
23. Taylor AJ, Kent SM, Flaherty PJ et al. ARBITER: arterial biology for the investigation of the treatment effects of reducing cholesterol: a randomized trial comparing the effects of atorvastatin and pravastatin on carotid intima–medial thickness. Circulation 2002; 106: 2055e60.
24. De Sauvage N, De Groot E, Zwinderman AH et al. Regression of carotid and femoral artery intima-media thickness in familial hypercholesterolemia: treatment with simvastatin. Arch Intern Med 2003; 163: 1837e41.
25. Smilde TJ, van WS, Wollersheim H et al. Effect of aggressive versus conventional lipid lowering on atherosclerosis progression in familial hypercholesterolaemia (ASAP): a prospective, randomised, double-blind trial. Lancet 2001; 357: 577e81.
26. Crouse JR, Raichlen JS, Riley WA et al. Effect of rosuvastatin on progression of carotid intima-media thickness in low-risk individuals with subclinical atherosclerosis: the METEOR Trial. JAMA 2007; 297: 1344e53.
27. Underhill HR, Yuan C, Zhao XQ et al. Effect of rosuvastatin therapy on carotid plaque morphology and composition in moderately hypercholesterolemic patients: a high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging trial. Am Heart J 2008; 155 (584): e1–8.
28. Miyauchi K, Takaya N, Hirose T et al. Rationale and design of the carotid plaque in human for all evaluations with aggressive rosuvastatin therapy (CHALLENGER trial): evaluation by magnetic resonance imaging. Circ J 2009; 73 (1): 111–5.
29. Saam T, Kerwin WS, Chu B et al. Sample size calculation for clinical trials using magnetic resonance imaging for the quantitative assessment of carotid atherosclerosis. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2005; 7: 799–808.
30. Takaya N, Yuan C, Chu B et al. Presence of intraplaque hemorrhage stimulates progression of carotid atherosclerotic plaques: a high resolution magnetic resonance imaging study. Circulation 2005; 111: 2768–75.
31. Saam T, Yuan C, Chu B et al. Predictors of carotid atherosclerotic plaque progression as measured by noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging. Atherosclerosis 2007; 194: e34–42.
32. Corti R, Fayad ZA, Fuster V et al. Effects of lipid-lowering by simvastatin on human atherosclerotic lesions: a longitudinal study by high-resolution, noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging. Circulation 2001; 104: 249e52.
33. Corti R, Fuster V, Fayad ZA et al. Effects of aggressive versus conventional lipid-lowering therapy by simvastatin on human atherosclerotic lesions: a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial with high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005; 46: 106e12.
34. Adam M. Noyes, Paul D. Thompson. A systematic review of the time course of atherosclerotic plaque Regression. Atherosclerosis 2014; 234 (1): 75–84.
35. Salonen R, Nyyssonen K, Porkkala E et al. Kuopio Atherosclerosis Prevention Study (KAPS). A population-based primary preventive trial of the effect of LDL lowering on atherosclerotic progression in carotid and femoral arteries. Circulation 1995; 92: 1758e64.
36. Takahashi T, Ishii N, Itai K et al. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors suppress the development and progression of carotid artery intimal medial thickening in hypercholesterolemic type 2 diabetic patients. J Atheroscler Thromb 2005; 12: 149e53.
37. Yu CM, Zhang Q, Lam L et al. Comparison of intensive and low-dose atorvastatin therapy in the reduction of carotid intimal-medial thickness in patients with coronary heart disease. Heart 2007; 93: 933e9.
38. Crouse JR, Byington RP, Bond MG. Pravastatin, lipids, and atherosclerosis in the carotid arteries (PLAC-II). Am J Cardiol 1995; 75: 455e9.
39. Beishuizen ED, van de Ree MA, Jukema JW et al. Two-year statin therapy does not alter the progression of intima–media thickness in patients with type 2 diabetes without manifest cardiovascular disease. Diabetes Care 2004; 12: 2887e92.
40. Bots ML, Visseren FL, Evans GW et al. Torcetrapib and carotid intima–media thickness in mixed dyslipidaemia (RADIANCE 2 study): a randomised, double-blind trial. Lancet 2007; 370: 153e60.
41. Kastelein JJ, van Leuven SI, Burgess L et al. Effect of torcetrapib on carotida the rosclerosis in familial hypercholesterolemia. N Engl J Med 2007; 356: 1620e30.
42. Ainsworth CD, Blake CC, Tamayo A et al. 3D Ultrasound Measurement of Change in Carotid Plaque Volume: A Tool for Rapid Evaluation of New Therapies. Stroke 2005; 36: 1904–9.
43. Kiyofumi Y, Shinichi Y, Masanori K et al. Effects of Atorvastatin on Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaques: A Randomized Trial for Quantitative Tissue Characterization of Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaques with Integrated Backscatter Ultrasound. Cerebrovasc Dis 2009; 28: 417–24.
44. Nakamura T, Obata JE, Kitta Y, Takano H et al. Rapid stabilization of vulnerable carotid plaque within 1 month of pitavastatin treatment in patients with acute coronary syndrome. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2008; 51 (4): 365–71.
45. Schminke U, Motsch L, Griewing B et al. Three-dimensional power-mode ultrasound for quantification of the progression of carotid artery atherosclerosis. J Neurol 2000; 247: 106–11.
46. Steinke W, Hennerici M. Three-dimensional ultrasound imaging of carotid artery plaques. J Card Tech 1989; 8: 15–22.
47. Schminke UL, Motsch L, Hilker L, Kessler C. Three-dimensional ultrasound observation of carotid artery plaque ulceration. Stroke 2000; 31: 1651–5.
48. Кошурникова М.В., Балахонова Т.В., Карпов Ю.А. Возможности ультразвуковой трехмерной визуализации при изучении размеров и структуры атеросклеротической бляшки. Атеросклероз и дислипидемии. 2013; 4: 31–9. / Koshurnikova M.V., Balakhonova T.V., Karpov Iu.A. Vozmozhnosti ul'trazvukovoi trekhmernoi vizualizatsii pri izuchenii razmerov i struktury ateroskleroticheskoi bliashki. Ateroskleroz i dislipidemii. 2013; 4: 31–9. [in Russian]
49. Зубарева М.Ю., Рожкова Т.А., Амелюшкина В.А. и др. Эффективность, безопасность и переносимость терапии розувастатином 40 мг/сут у больных очень высокого сердечно-сосудистого риска с первичной гиперхолестеринемией (результаты 24-недельного исследования «40×40»). Фарматека. 2013; 7: 63–8. / Zubareva M.Iu., Rozhkova T.A., Ameliushkina V.A. i dr. Effektivnost', bezopasnost' i perenosimost' terapii rozuvastatinom 40 mg/sut u bol'nykh ochen' vysokogo serdechno-sosudistogo riska s pervichnoi giperkholesterinemiei (rezul'taty 24-nedel'nogo issledovaniia «40×40»). Farmateka. 2013; 7: 63–8. [in Russian]
50. Kekes E, Csaszar A. Testing the anti-lipid properties of rosuvastatin – a non-interventional, observational clinical study (TIGER). Cardiol Hungarica 2012; 42 (2): 61–7.
51. Гиляревский С.Р., Орлов В.А., Кузьмина И.М. и др. Гиполипидемические эффекты применения интенсивных режимов приема статинов при лечении больных с острым коронарным синдромом: подходы к выбору препарата и его дозы. Кардиология и сердечно-сосудистая хирургия. 2012; 4: 36–41. / Giliarevskii S.R., Orlov V.A., Kuz'mina I.M. i dr. Gipolipidemicheskie effekty primeneniia intensivnykh rezhimov priema statinov pri lechenii bol'nykh s ostrym koronarnym sindromom: podkhody k vyboru preparata i ego dozy. Kardiologiia i serdechno-sosudistaia khirurgiia. 2012; 4: 36–41. [in Russian]
52. Драпкина О.М., Палаткина Л.О., Зятенкова Е.В. Плейотропные эффекты статинов. Влияние на жесткость сосудов. Врач. 2012; 9: 5–8. / Drapkina O.M., Palatkina L.O., Ziatenkova E.V. Pleiotropnye effekty statinov. Vliianie na zhestkost' sosudov. Vrach. 2012; 9: 5–8. [in Russian]
53. Задионченко В.С., Шехян Г.Г., Шахрай Н.Б. и др. Влияние розувастатина на липидный обмен, микроциркуляцию и показатели центральной гемодинамики у больных с острым коронарным синдромом. Consilium Medicum. 2011; 13 (5): 3–10. / Zadionchenko V.S., Shekhian G.G., Shakhrai N.B. i dr. Vliianie rozuvastatina na lipidnyi obmen, mikrotsirkuliatsiiu i pokazateli tsentral'noi gemodinamiki u bol'nykh s ostrym koronarnym sindromom. Consilium Medicum. 2011; 13 (5): 3–10. [in Russian]
54. Каминный А.И., Шувалова Ю.А., Шишова Т.А., Каминная В.И., Тутунов В.С., Соболева Д.И., Кухарчук В.В. Эффективность и безопасность терапии розувастатином. Результаты 8-недельного исследования «От 5 до 40». Фарматека 2014; 13: 40. / Kaminnyj A.I., Shuvalova Ju.A., Shishova T.A., Kaminnaja V.I., Tutunov V.S., Soboleva D.I., Kuharchuk V.V. Efficacy and safety of rosuvastatin «From 5 to 40». The results of the 8-week study. Farmateka 2014;13:40. [in Russian]
________________________________________________
2. Demograficheskii ezhegodnik Rossii. 2010. [in Russian]
3. ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias. Atherosclerosis 2011; p. 217S.S1−S44
4. Diagnostika i korrektsiia narushenii lipidnogo obmena s tsel'iu profilaktiki i lecheniia ateroskleroza: Rossiiskie rekomendatsii (V peresmotr). Ateroskleroz i dislipidemii. 2012; 4 (9). [in Russian]
5. Oganov R.G., Kukharchuk V.V., Arutiunov G.P. i dr. Sokhraniaiushchiesia narusheniia lipidnogo spektra u patsientov s dislipidemiiami, poluchaiushchikh statiny v real'noi klinicheskoi praktike v RF (rossiiskaia chast' issledovaniia DYSIS). Kardiovask. terapiia i profilaktika. 2012; 4: 1–10. [in Russian]
6. Amarenco P, Labreuche J, Lavalle´ e P, Touboul PJ. Statins in stroke prevention and carotid atherosclerosis: systematic review and up-to-date meta-analysis. Stroke 2004; 35: 2902–9.
7. Rekomendatsii Evropeiskogo obshchestva kardiologov i Evropeiskogo obshchestva ateroskleroza po lecheniiu dislipidemii. Ratsion. farmakoterapiia v kardiologii. 2012 (Pril. 1). [in Russian]
8. Diagnostika i korrektsiia narushenii lipidnogo obmena s tsel'iu profilaktiki i lecheniia ateroskleroza. Rossiiskie rekomendatsii. 5-i peresmotr. M., 2012. [in Russian]
9. Natsional'nye rekomendatsii po vedeniiu patsientov s sosudistoi arterial'noi gipertenziei (Rossiiskii soglasitel'nyi dokument). Rossiiskoe obshchestvo angiologov i sosudistykh khirurgov, Assotsiatsiia serdechno-sosudistykh khirurgov. M., 2012. [in Russian]
10. Koenig W. Atherosclerosis involves more than just lipids: focus on inflammation. Eur Heart J 1999; 1 (Suppl. 1): 19–26.
11. Ross R. Atherosclerosis an inflammatory disease. N Engl J Med 1999; 340: 115–26.
12. Nordestgaard BG, Grønholdt ML, Sillesen H et al. Echolucent rupture-prone plaques. Curr Opin Lipidol 2003; 14 (5): 505–12.
13. Puato M, Zambon A, Faggin E et al. Statin treatment and carotid plaque composition. Review of clinical studies. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2012.
14. Hodis HN, Mack WJ, La Bree L et al. Reduction in carotid arterial wall thickness using lovastatin and dietary therapy: a randomised, controlled clinical trial. Ann Intern Med 1996; 24: 548–56.
15. Kroon AA, Asten van WNJC, Stalenhoef AFH. Effects of apheresis of low-density lipoprotein on peripheral vascular disease in hypercholesterolaemic patients with coronary artery disease. Ann Intern Med 1996; 125: 945–54.
16. Amtzenius AC, Kromhout D, Barth JD et al. Diet, lipoproteins and the progression of coronary atherosclerosis. The Leiden Intervention. Trial N Engl J Med 1985; 312 (13): 805–11.
17. Brown G, Albers JJ, Fisher LD et al. Regression of coronary artery disease as a result of intensive lipid-lowering therapy in men with high levels of apolipoprotein B. N Engl J Med 1990; 323: 1289–98.
18. Stone NJ, Robinson JG, Lichtenstein AH et al. 2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation 2014; 129 (25 Suppl. 2): S1−45.
19. Furberg CD, Adams Jr HP, Applegate WB et al. For the Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Progression Study (ACAPS) research group. Effect of lovastatin on early carotid atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. Circulation 1994; 90: 1679e87.
20. Mercuri M, Bond MG, Sirtori CR et al. Pravastatin reduces carotid intima–media thickness progression in an asymptomatic hypercholesterolemic mediterranean population: the Carotid Atherosclerosis Italian Ultrasound Study (CAIUS). Am J Med 1996; 101: 627e34.
21. De Groot E, Zwinderman AH, van der Steen AF et al. Variance components analysis of carotid and femoral intima–media thickness measurements. REGRESS Study Group. Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of The Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands. Regression growth evaluation statin study. Ultrasound Med Biol 1998; 24: 825e32.
22. MacMahon S, Sharpe N, Gamble G et al. Effects of lowering average of below average cholesterol levels on the progression of carotid atherosclerosis: results of the LIPID Atherosclerosis Substudy. LIPID Trial Research Group. Circulation 1998; 97: 1784e90.
23. Taylor AJ, Kent SM, Flaherty PJ et al. ARBITER: arterial biology for the investigation of the treatment effects of reducing cholesterol: a randomized trial comparing the effects of atorvastatin and pravastatin on carotid intima–medial thickness. Circulation 2002; 106: 2055e60.
24. De Sauvage N, De Groot E, Zwinderman AH et al. Regression of carotid and femoral artery intima-media thickness in familial hypercholesterolemia: treatment with simvastatin. Arch Intern Med 2003; 163: 1837e41.
25. Smilde TJ, van WS, Wollersheim H et al. Effect of aggressive versus conventional lipid lowering on atherosclerosis progression in familial hypercholesterolaemia (ASAP): a prospective, randomised, double-blind trial. Lancet 2001; 357: 577e81.
26. Crouse JR, Raichlen JS, Riley WA et al. Effect of rosuvastatin on progression of carotid intima-media thickness in low-risk individuals with subclinical atherosclerosis: the METEOR Trial. JAMA 2007; 297: 1344e53.
27. Underhill HR, Yuan C, Zhao XQ et al. Effect of rosuvastatin therapy on carotid plaque morphology and composition in moderately hypercholesterolemic patients: a high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging trial. Am Heart J 2008; 155 (584): e1–8.
28. Miyauchi K, Takaya N, Hirose T et al. Rationale and design of the carotid plaque in human for all evaluations with aggressive rosuvastatin therapy (CHALLENGER trial): evaluation by magnetic resonance imaging. Circ J 2009; 73 (1): 111–5.
29. Saam T, Kerwin WS, Chu B et al. Sample size calculation for clinical trials using magnetic resonance imaging for the quantitative assessment of carotid atherosclerosis. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2005; 7: 799–808.
30. Takaya N, Yuan C, Chu B et al. Presence of intraplaque hemorrhage stimulates progression of carotid atherosclerotic plaques: a high resolution magnetic resonance imaging study. Circulation 2005; 111: 2768–75.
31. Saam T, Yuan C, Chu B et al. Predictors of carotid atherosclerotic plaque progression as measured by noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging. Atherosclerosis 2007; 194: e34–42.
32. Corti R, Fayad ZA, Fuster V et al. Effects of lipid-lowering by simvastatin on human atherosclerotic lesions: a longitudinal study by high-resolution, noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging. Circulation 2001; 104: 249e52.
33. Corti R, Fuster V, Fayad ZA et al. Effects of aggressive versus conventional lipid-lowering therapy by simvastatin on human atherosclerotic lesions: a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial with high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005; 46: 106e12.
34. Adam M. Noyes, Paul D. Thompson. A systematic review of the time course of atherosclerotic plaque Regression. Atherosclerosis 2014; 234 (1): 75–84.
35. Salonen R, Nyyssonen K, Porkkala E et al. Kuopio Atherosclerosis Prevention Study (KAPS). A population-based primary preventive trial of the effect of LDL lowering on atherosclerotic progression in carotid and femoral arteries. Circulation 1995; 92: 1758e64.
36. Takahashi T, Ishii N, Itai K et al. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors suppress the development and progression of carotid artery intimal medial thickening in hypercholesterolemic type 2 diabetic patients. J Atheroscler Thromb 2005; 12: 149e53.
37. Yu CM, Zhang Q, Lam L et al. Comparison of intensive and low-dose atorvastatin therapy in the reduction of carotid intimal-medial thickness in patients with coronary heart disease. Heart 2007; 93: 933e9.
38. Crouse JR, Byington RP, Bond MG. Pravastatin, lipids, and atherosclerosis in the carotid arteries (PLAC-II). Am J Cardiol 1995; 75: 455e9.
39. Beishuizen ED, van de Ree MA, Jukema JW et al. Two-year statin therapy does not alter the progression of intima–media thickness in patients with type 2 diabetes without manifest cardiovascular disease. Diabetes Care 2004; 12: 2887e92.
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Авторы
З.Г.Лугинова*, М.В.Кошурникова, Е.Ю.Соловьева, Т.В.Балахонова, А.В.Сусеков
ФГБУ Российский кардиологический научно-производственный комплекс Минздрава России. 121552, Россия, Москва, ул. 3-я Черепковская, д. 15а.
*luginovazoya@gmail.com
Federal state budget foundation Russian cardiology scientific and production complex of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 121552, Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. 3-ya Cherepkovskaya, d. 15a
*luginovazoya@gmail.com
ФГБУ Российский кардиологический научно-производственный комплекс Минздрава России. 121552, Россия, Москва, ул. 3-я Черепковская, д. 15а.
*luginovazoya@gmail.com
________________________________________________
Federal state budget foundation Russian cardiology scientific and production complex of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 121552, Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. 3-ya Cherepkovskaya, d. 15a
*luginovazoya@gmail.com
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