Статины и сахарный диабет: фокус на питавастатин

1. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 9 th Edition, 2019. http://www.diabetesatlas.org/resources/2019-atlas.html
2. Алгоритмы специализированной медицинской помощи больным сахарным диабетом. 9-й вып., 2019. Под ред. И.И.Дедова, М.В.Шестаковой, А.Ю.Майорова. Сахарный диабет. 2019; 22 (1S1): 1–144.
[Standards of specialized diabetes care. Edited by I.I.Dedov, M.V.Shestakova, AYu.Mayorov. 9th Edition (revised). Diabetes Mellitus 2019; 22 (1S1): 1–144 (in Russian).]
3. Cosentino F, Grant PJ, Aboyans V et al. 2019 ESC guidelines on diabetes,pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases developed in collaboration with the EASD. Eur Heart J 2020; 41 (2): 255–323.
4. Authors/Task Force Members, ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines (CPG); ESC National Cardiac Societies. 2019 ESC/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: Lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk. Atherosclerosis 2019; 290: 140–205.
5. Кухарчук В.В., Ежов М.В., Сергиенко И.В. и др. Диагностика и коррекция нарушений липидного обмена с целью профилактики и лечения атеросклероза. Российские рекомендации, VII пересмотр. Атеросклероз и дислипидемии. 2020; 
1 (38): 7–42.
[Kukharchuk V.V, Ezhov MV, Sergienko IV et al. Diagnostics and correction of lipid metabolism disorders in order to prevent and treat atherosclerosis. Russian recommendations VII revision. Atherosclerosis and Dyslipidaemias 2020; 1 (38): 7–42 (in Russian).]
6. Sniderman AD, Lamarche B, Tilley J et al. Hypertriglyceridemic hyperapoB in type 2 diabetes Diabetes Care 2002; 25 (3): 579–82.
7. Уразгильдеева С.А., Малыгина О.Ф. Особенности лечения дислипидемии у больных сахарным диабетом 2-го типа. Мед. совет. 2016; 3: 48–53.
[Urazgildeeva S.A., Malygina O.F. Peculiarities of treatment of dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes. Med. Sovet. 2016; 3: 48–53 (in Russian).]
8. Cholesterol Treatment Trialists’ (CTT) Collaborators. Efficacy of cholesterol-lowering therapy in 18,686 people with diabetes in 14 randomised trials of statins: a meta-analysis. Lancet 2008; 371 (9607): 117–25.
9. Knopp RH, d'Emden M, Smilde JG, Pocock SJ. Efficacy and safety of atorvastatin in the prevention of cardiovascular end points in subjects with type 2 diabetes: the Atorvastatin Study for Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease Endpoints in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (ASPEN). Diabetes Care 2006; 29 (7): 1478–85.
10. Livingstone SJ, Looker HC, Akbar T et al. Effect of atorvastatin on glycaemia progression in patients with diabetes: an analysis from the Collaborative Atorvastatin in Diabetes Trial (CARDS). Diabetologia 2016; 59 (2): 299–306.
11. Hiro T, Kimura T, Morimoto T et al. Diabetes mellitus is a major negative determinant of coronary plaque regression during statin therapy in patients with acute coronary syndrome – serial intravascular ultrasound observations from the Japan Assessment of Pitavastatin and Atorvastatin in Acute Coronary Syndrome Trial (the JAPAN-ACS Trial). Circ J 2010; 74 (6): 1165–74.
12. Bays HE. Lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int J Gen Med 2014; 7: 355–64.
13. Freeman DJ, Norrie J, Sattar N. et al. Pravastatin and the development of diabetes mellitus: evidence for a protective treatment effect in the West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study. Circulation 2001; 103 (3): 357–62.
14. Ray K. Statin diabetogenicity: guidance for clinicians. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2013; 12 (Suppl. 1): S3.
15. Ridker PM, Danielson E, Fonseca FA et al. Rosuvastatin to prevent vascular events in men and women with elevated C-reactive protein. N Engl J Med 2008; 359 (21): 2195–207.
16. Sattar N, Preiss D, Murray HM et al. el. Statins and risk of incident diabetes: a collaborative meta-analysis of randomised statin trials. Lancet 2010; 375: 735–42.
17. Preiss D, Seshasai SR, Welsh P et al. Risk of incident diabetes with intensive-dose compared with moderate-dose statin therapy: a meta-analysis. JAMA 2011; 305 (24): 2556–64.
18. Zaharan NL, Williams D, Bennett K. Statins and risk of treated incident diabetes in a primary care population. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2013; 75: 1118–24.
19. Rha SW, Choi BG, Seo HS et al. Impact of Statin Use on Development of New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus in Asian Population. Am J Cardiol 2016; 117 (3): 382–7.
20. Liew SM, Lee PY, Hanafi NS et al. Statins use is associated with poorer glycaemic control in a cohort of hypertensive patients with diabetes and without diabetes. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2014; 6: 53.
21. Chen X, Huang D, Huang M et al. [Effects of lovastatin on plasma lipid, plasma glucose and insulin metabolism of patients with type II B hyperlipemia]. Hua Xi Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 1999; 30 (4): 444–5: 454.
22. Betteridge DJ, Carmena R. The diabetogenic action of statins – mechanisms and clinical implications. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2016; 12: 90–110.
23. Sasaki J, Iwashita M, Kono S. Statins: beneficial or adverse for glucose metabolism. J Atheroscler Thromb 2006; 13 (3): 123–9.
24. Carter AA, Gomes T, Camacho X et al. Risk of incident diabetes among patients treated with statins: population based study. Brit Med J 2013; 346: f2610.
25. Navarese EP, Buffon A, Andreotti F et al. Meta-analysis of impact of different types and doses of statins on new-onset diabetes mellitus. Am J Cardiol 2013; 111 (8): 1123–30.
26. Thakker D, Nair S, Pagada A et al. Statin use and the risk of developing diabetes: a network meta-analysis. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2016; 25 (10): 1131–49.
27. Cho Y, Choe E, Lee YH et al. Risk of diabetes in patients treated with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Metabolism 2015; 64 (4): 482–8.
28. Kostapanos MS, Agouridis AP, Elisaf MS. Variable effects of statins on glucose homeostasis parameters and their diabetogenic role. Diabetologia 2015; 58 (8): 1960–1.
29. Kim W, Hong MJ, Woo JS et al. Rosuvastatin does not affect fasting glucose, insulin resistance, or adiponectin in patients with mild to moderate hypertension. Chonnam Med J 2013; 49 (1): 31–7.
30. Kameda A, Nakamura A, Kondo Y et al. Effects of switching to low-dose rosuvastatin (5 mg/day) on glucose metabolism and lipid profiles in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia: a single-arm, prospective, interventional trial. Diabetol Int 2017; 8 (4): 383–91.
31. Ishikawa M, Namiki A, Kubota T et al. Effect of pravastatin and atorvastatin on glucose metabolism in nondiabetic patients with hypercholesterolemia. Intern Med 2006; 45 (2): 51–5.
32. Kanno H, Iwai M, Inaba S et al. Improvement of glucose intolerance by combination of pravastatin and olmesartan in type II diabetic KK-A (y) mice. Hypertens Res 2009; 32 (8): 706–11.
33. Sattar NA, Ginsberg H, Ray K et al. The use of statins in people at risk of developing diabetes mellitus: evidence and guidance for clinical practice. Atheroscler Suppl 2014; 15 (1): 1–15.
34. Yoon D, Sheen SS, Lee S et al. Statins and risk for new-onset diabetes mellitus. A real-world cohort study using a clinical research database. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95 (46): e5429.
35. Yokote K, Saito Y; CHIBA. Influence of statins on glucose tolerance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: subanalysis of the collaborative study on hypercholesterolemia drug intervention and their benefits for atherosclerosis prevention (CHIBA study). J Atheroscler Thromb 2009; 16 (3): 297–8.
36. Teramoto T. Pitavastatin: clinical effects from the LIVES Study. Atheroscler Suppl 2011; 12 (3): 285–8.
37. Da Silva PM. Are all statins the same? Focus on the efficacy and tolerability of pitavastatin. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2011; 11 (2): 93–107.
38. Daido H, Horikawa Y, Takeda J. The effects of pitavastatin on glucose metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes with hypercholesterolemia. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2014; 106 (3): 531 7.
39. Mita T, Nakayama S, Abe H et al. Comparison of effects of pitavastatin and atorvastatin on glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetic patients with hypercholesterolemia. J Diabetes Investig 2013; 4 (3): 297–303.
40. Vallejo-Vaz AJ, Kondapally Seshasai SR, Kurogi K et al. Effect of pitavastatin on glucose, HbA1c and incident diabetes: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials in individuals without diabetes. Atherosclerosis 2015; 241 (2): 409–18.
41. Kawai Y, Sato-Ishida R, Motoyama A, Kajinami K. Place of pitavastatin in the statin armamentarium: promising evidence for a role in diabetes mellitus. Drug Des Devel Ther 2011; 5: 283–97.
42. Odawara M, Yamazaki T, Kishimoto J et al. Effect of pitavastatin on the incidence of diabetes in Japanese individuals with impaired glucose tolerance. Abstracts of 43th EASD Congress, Barcelona, 2013. https: //www.easd.org/virtualmeeting/home.html#!resources/effect-of-pitavastatin-on-the-incidence-of-diabetes...
43. Barrios V, Escobar C. Clinical benefits of pitavastatin: focus on patients with diabetes or at risk of developing diabetes. Future Cardiol 2016; 12 (4): 449–66.
44. Shimada A, Kimura H, Oida K et al. Serum CETP status is independently associated with reduction rates in LDL-C in pitavastatin-treated diabetic patients and possible involvement of LXR in its association. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15: 57.
45. Arnaboldi L, Corsini A. Could changes in adiponectin drive the effect of statins on the risk of new-onset diabetes? The case of pitavastatin. Atheroscler Suppl 2015; 16: 1–27.
46. Kurogi K, Sugiyama S, Sakamoto K et al. Comparison of pitavastatin with atorvastatin in increasing HDL-cholesterol and adiponectin in patients with dyslipidemia and coronary artery disease: the COMPACT-CAD study. J Cardiol 2013; 62 (2): 87–94.
47. Cho Y, Lee H, Park HK et al. Differential Diabetogenic Effect of Pitavastatin and Rosuvastatin, in vitro and in vivo. J Atheroscler Thromb 2019. DOI: 10.5551/jat.50039
48. Ohigashi M, Kobara M, Takahashi T et al. Pitavastatin suppresses hyperglycaemia-induced podocyte injury via bone morphogenetic protein-7 preservation. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 44 (3): 378–85.
49. Kimura K, Shimano H, Yokote K et al. Effects of pitavastatin (LIVALO tablet) on the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in hypercholesterolemic patients with chronic kidney disease. Sub-analysis of the LIVALO Effectiveness and Safety (LIVES) Study. J Atheroscler Thromb 2010; 17 (6): 601–9.
50. Radford NB, DeFina LF, Barlow CT et al. Effect of fitness on incident diabetes from statin use in primary prevention. Atherosclerosis 2015; 239 (1): 43–9.
51. Waters DD, Ho JE, DeMicco DA et al. Predictors of new-onset diabetes in patients treated with atorvastatin: results from 3 large randomized clinical trials. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011; 57 (14): 1535–45.
52. LeRoith D Dyslipidemia and glucose dysregulation in overweight and obese patients. Clin Cornerstone 2007; 8 (3): 38–52.

________________________________________________

1. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 9 th Edition, 2019. http://www.diabetesatlas.org/resources/2019-atlas.html
2. Standards of specialized diabetes care. Edited by I.I.Dedov, M.V.Shestakova, AYu.Mayorov. 9th Edition (revised). Diabetes Mellitus 2019; 22 (1S1): 1–144 (in Russian).
3. Cosentino F, Grant PJ, Aboyans V et al. 2019 ESC guidelines on diabetes,pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases developed in collaboration with the EASD. Eur Heart J 2020; 41 (2): 255–323.
4. Authors/Task Force Members, ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines (CPG); ESC National Cardiac Societies. 2019 ESC/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: Lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk. Atherosclerosis 2019; 290: 140–205.
5. Kukharchuk V.V, Ezhov MV, Sergienko IV et al. Diagnostics and correction of lipid metabolism disorders in order to prevent and treat atherosclerosis. Russian recommendations VII revision. Atherosclerosis and Dyslipidaemias 2020; 1 (38): 7–42 (in Russian).
6. Sniderman AD, Lamarche B, Tilley J et al. Hypertriglyceridemic hyperapoB in type 2 diabetes Diabetes Care 2002; 25 (3): 579–82.
7. Urazgildeeva S.A., Malygina O.F. Peculiarities of treatment of dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes. Med. Sovet. 2016; 3: 48–53 (in Russian).
8. Cholesterol Treatment Trialists’ (CTT) Collaborators. Efficacy of cholesterol-lowering therapy in 18,686 people with diabetes in 14 randomised trials of statins: a meta-analysis. Lancet 2008; 371 (9607): 117–25.
9. Knopp RH, d'Emden M, Smilde JG, Pocock SJ. Efficacy and safety of atorvastatin in the prevention of cardiovascular end points in subjects with type 2 diabetes: the Atorvastatin Study for Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease Endpoints in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (ASPEN). Diabetes Care 2006; 29 (7): 1478–85.
10. Livingstone SJ, Looker HC, Akbar T et al. Effect of atorvastatin on glycaemia progression in patients with diabetes: an analysis from the Collaborative Atorvastatin in Diabetes Trial (CARDS). Diabetologia 2016; 59 (2): 299–306.
11. Hiro T, Kimura T, Morimoto T et al. Diabetes mellitus is a major negative determinant of coronary plaque regression during statin therapy in patients with acute coronary syndrome – serial intravascular ultrasound observations from the Japan Assessment of Pitavastatin and Atorvastatin in Acute Coronary Syndrome Trial (the JAPAN-ACS Trial). Circ J 2010; 74 (6): 1165–74.
12. Bays HE. Lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int J Gen Med 2014; 
7: 355–64.
13. Freeman DJ, Norrie J, Sattar N. et al. Pravastatin and the development of diabetes mellitus: evidence for a protective treatment effect in the West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study. Circulation 2001; 103 (3): 357–62.
14. Ray K. Statin diabetogenicity: guidance for clinicians. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2013; 12 (Suppl. 1): S3.
15. Ridker PM, Danielson E, Fonseca FA et al. Rosuvastatin to prevent vascular events in men and women with elevated C-reactive protein. N Engl J Med 2008; 359 (21): 2195–207.
16. Sattar N, Preiss D, Murray HM et al. el. Statins and risk of incident diabetes: a collaborative meta-analysis of randomised statin trials. Lancet 2010; 375: 735–42.
17. Preiss D, Seshasai SR, Welsh P et al. Risk of incident diabetes with intensive-dose compared with moderate-dose statin therapy: a meta-analysis. JAMA 2011; 305 (24): 2556–64.
18. Zaharan NL, Williams D, Bennett K. Statins and risk of treated incident diabetes in a primary care population. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2013; 75: 1118–24.
19. Rha SW, Choi BG, Seo HS et al. Impact of Statin Use on Development of New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus in Asian Population. 
Am J Cardiol 2016; 117 (3): 382–7.
20. Liew SM, Lee PY, Hanafi NS et al. Statins use is associated with poorer glycaemic control in a cohort of hypertensive patients with diabetes and without diabetes. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2014; 6: 53.
21. Chen X, Huang D, Huang M et al. [Effects of lovastatin on plasma lipid, plasma glucose and insulin metabolism of patients with type II B hyperlipemia]. Hua Xi Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 1999; 30 (4): 444–5: 454.
22. Betteridge DJ, Carmena R. The diabetogenic action of statins – mechanisms and clinical implications. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2016; 12: 90–110.
23. Sasaki J, Iwashita M, Kono S. Statins: beneficial or adverse for glucose metabolism. J Atheroscler Thromb 2006; 13 (3): 123–9.
24. Carter AA, Gomes T, Camacho X et al. Risk of incident diabetes among patients treated with statins: population based study. Brit Med J 2013; 346: f2610.
25. Navarese EP, Buffon A, Andreotti F et al. Meta-analysis of impact of different types and doses of statins on new-onset diabetes mellitus. Am J Cardiol 2013; 111 (8): 1123–30.
26. Thakker D, Nair S, Pagada A et al. Statin use and the risk of developing diabetes: a network meta-analysis. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2016; 25 (10): 1131–49.
27. Cho Y, Choe E, Lee YH et al. Risk of diabetes in patients treated with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Metabolism 2015; 64 (4): 482–8.
28. Kostapanos MS, Agouridis AP, Elisaf MS. Variable effects of statins on glucose homeostasis parameters and their diabetogenic role. Diabetologia 2015; 58 (8): 1960–1.
29. Kim W, Hong MJ, Woo JS et al. Rosuvastatin does not affect fasting glucose, insulin resistance, or adiponectin in patients with mild to moderate hypertension. Chonnam Med J 2013; 49 (1): 31–7.
30. Kameda A, Nakamura A, Kondo Y et al. Effects of switching to low-dose rosuvastatin (5 mg/day) on glucose metabolism and lipid profiles in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia: a single-arm, prospective, interventional trial. Diabetol Int 2017; 8 (4): 383–91.
31. Ishikawa M, Namiki A, Kubota T et al. Effect of pravastatin and atorvastatin on glucose metabolism in nondiabetic patients with hypercholesterolemia. Intern Med 2006; 45 (2): 51–5.
32. Kanno H, Iwai M, Inaba S et al. Improvement of glucose intolerance by combination of pravastatin and olmesartan in type II diabetic KK-A (y) mice. Hypertens Res 2009; 32 (8): 706–11.
33. Sattar NA, Ginsberg H, Ray K et al. The use of statins in people at risk of developing diabetes mellitus: evidence and guidance for clinical practice. Atheroscler Suppl 2014; 15 (1): 1–15.
34. Yoon D, Sheen SS, Lee S et al. Statins and risk for new-onset diabetes mellitus. A real-world cohort study using a clinical research database. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95 (46): e5429.
35. Yokote K, Saito Y; CHIBA. Influence of statins on glucose tolerance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: subanalysis of the collaborative study on hypercholesterolemia drug intervention and their benefits for atherosclerosis prevention (CHIBA study). J Atheroscler Thromb 2009; 16 (3): 297–8.
36. Teramoto T. Pitavastatin: clinical effects from the LIVES Study. Atheroscler Suppl 2011; 12 (3): 285–8.
37. Da Silva PM. Are all statins the same? Focus on the efficacy and tolerability of pitavastatin. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2011; 11 (2): 93–107.
38. Daido H, Horikawa Y, Takeda J. The effects of pitavastatin on glucose metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes with hypercholesterolemia. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2014; 106 (3): 531 7.
39. Mita T, Nakayama S, Abe H et al. Comparison of effects of pitavastatin and atorvastatin on glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetic patients with hypercholesterolemia. J Diabetes Investig 2013; 4 (3): 297–303.
40. Vallejo-Vaz AJ, Kondapally Seshasai SR, Kurogi K et al. Effect of pitavastatin on glucose, HbA1c and incident diabetes: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials in individuals without diabetes. Atherosclerosis 2015; 241 (2): 409–18.
41. Kawai Y, Sato-Ishida R, Motoyama A, Kajinami K. Place of pitavastatin in the statin armamentarium: promising evidence for a role in diabetes mellitus. Drug Des Devel Ther 2011; 5: 283–97.
42. Odawara M, Yamazaki T, Kishimoto J et al. Effect of pitavastatin on the incidence of diabetes in Japanese individuals with impaired glucose tolerance. Abstracts of 43th EASD Congress, Barcelona, 2013. https: //www.easd.org/virtualmeeting/home.html#!resources/effect-of-pitavastatin-on-the-incidence-of-diabetes...
43. Barrios V, Escobar C. Clinical benefits of pitavastatin: focus on patients with diabetes or at risk of developing diabetes. Future Cardiol 2016; 12 (4): 449–66.
44. Shimada A, Kimura H, Oida K et al. Serum CETP status is independently associated with reduction rates in LDL-C in pitavastatin-treated diabetic patients and possible involvement of LXR in its association. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15: 57.
45. Arnaboldi L, Corsini A. Could changes in adiponectin drive the effect of statins on the risk of new-onset diabetes? The case of pitavastatin. Atheroscler Suppl 2015; 16: 1–27.
46. Kurogi K, Sugiyama S, Sakamoto K et al. Comparison of pitavastatin with atorvastatin in increasing HDL-cholesterol and adiponectin in patients with dyslipidemia and coronary artery disease: the COMPACT-CAD study. J Cardiol 2013; 62 (2): 87–94.
47. Cho Y, Lee H, Park HK et al. Differential Diabetogenic Effect of Pitavastatin and Rosuvastatin, in vitro and in vivo. J Atheroscler Thromb 2019. DOI: 10.5551/jat.50039
48. Ohigashi M, Kobara M, Takahashi T et al. Pitavastatin suppresses hyperglycaemia-induced podocyte injury via bone morphogenetic protein-7 preservation. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 44 (3): 378–85.
49. Kimura K, Shimano H, Yokote K et al. Effects of pitavastatin (LIVALO tablet) on the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in hypercholesterolemic patients with chronic kidney disease. Sub-analysis of the LIVALO Effectiveness and Safety (LIVES) Study. J Atheroscler Thromb 2010; 17 (6): 601–9.
50. Radford NB, DeFina LF, Barlow CT et al. Effect of fitness on incident diabetes from statin use in primary prevention. Atherosclerosis 2015; 239 (1): 43–9.
51. Waters DD, Ho JE, DeMicco DA et al. Predictors of new-onset diabetes in patients treated with atorvastatin: results from 3 large randomized clinical trials. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011; 57 (14): 1535–45.
52. LeRoith D Dyslipidemia and glucose dysregulation in overweight and obese patients. Clin Cornerstone 2007; 8 (3): 38–52.

С.А. Уразгильдеева*

1 ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет», Санкт-Петербург, Россия;
2 Центр клинической липидологии Центра сердечной медицины «Черная Речка», Санкт-Петербург, Россия;
3 ФГБУЗ «Клиническая больница №122 им. Л.Г. Соколова» ФМБА России, Санкт-Петербург, Россия
*docsau64@yandex.ru

________________________________________________

Soreiia A. Urazgildeeva*

1 Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia;
2 Center for Clinical Lipidology of the Center of heart medicine "Chernaya Rechka", Saint Petersburg, Russia;
3 Sokolov Clinical Hospital №122, Saint Petersburg, Russia
*docsau64@yandex.ru