1. White DA. The phospholipid composition of mammalian tissues. In: Ansell GB, Hawthorne JN, Dawson RMC eds. Form and Function of Phospholipids. Elsevier, Amsterdam-London-New York; 1973; p. 441-82.
2. Singer SJ, Nicolson GL. The fluid mosaic model of the structure of cell membranes. Science 1972; 175: 720–31.
3. Zakim D. Interface between membrane biology and clinical medicine. Am J Med 1986; 80: 645–57.
4. Rothman JE, Lenard J. Membrane asymmetry. Science 1977; 195: 743–53.
5. Shinitzky M. Physiology of Membrane Fluidity. Boca Raton Florida: CRC Press; 1984; 1-51.
6. Coleman R. Membrane-bound enzymes and membrane ultrastructure. Biochim Biophys Acta 1973; 300: 1-30.
7. Stoffel W, Därr W, Assmann G. Pleomorphic functions of highly unsaturated phospholipids in biological membranes and serum lipoproteins. Med Welt 1978; 29: 124–31.
8. Chien S, Sung LP. Molecular basis of red cell membrane rheology. Part 1. Biorheology 1990; 27: 327–44.
9. Cushley RJ, Okon M. NMR studies of lipoprotein structure. Annu Rev Biophys Biomol Struct 2002; 31: 177–206.
10. Veldhuizen R, Nag K, Orgeig S, Possmayer F. The role of lipids in pulmonary surfactant. Biochim Biophys Acta 1998; 1408: 90–108.
11. Hills BA. Role of surfactant in peritoneal dialysis. Perit Dial Int 2000; 20: 503–15.
12. Chen Y, Hills BA, Hills YC. Unsaturated phosphatidylcholine and its application in surgical adhesion. ANZ J Surg 2005; 1111–4.
13. Cohen DE, Carey MC. Physical chemistry of biliary lipids during bile formation. Hepatology 1990; 12: 143S-147S.
14. Van Deenen LLM. Phospholipide – Beziehungen zwischen ihrer chemischen Struktur und Biomembranen. Naturwissenschaften 1972; 59: 485–91.
15. Klinger W, Müller D, Kleeberg U et al. The influence of «essential» phospholipids (EPL) on phase-I– and phase-II-reactions and on the glutathione status in the liver of aging rats. Exp Pathol 1991; 41: 151–6.
16. Minto RE, Adhikari PR, Lorigan GA. A 2H solid-state NMR spectroscopic investigation of biomimetic bicelles containing cholesterol
and polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholine. Chem Phys Lipids 2004; 132: 55–64.
17. Stubbs CD, Smith AD. The modification of mammalian membrane fatty acid composition in relation to membrane fluidity and function. Biochim Biophys Acta 1984; 779: 89–137.
18. Zamaria N. Alteration of polyunsaturated fatty acid status and metabolism in health and disease. Reprod Nutr Dev 2004; 44: 273–82.
19. Wendel A. Lecithin. In: Food and Feed Technology, ed. Kirk-Othmer. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, 2008; 1: 881–96.
20. Zierenberg O, Grundy SM. Intestinal absorption of polyenephosphatidylcholine in man. J Lipid Res 1982; 23: 1136–42.
21. Lieber CS, Robins SJ, Li J et al. Phosphatidylcholine protects against fibrosis and cirrhosis in the baboon. Gastroenterology 1994; 106: 152–9.
22. Oette K, Kühn G, Römer A et al. The absorption of dilinoleoyl-phosphatidylcholine after oral administration. Drug Res 1995; 45 (2): 875-9.
23. Salvioli G, Spinozzi C, Pradelli JM. Phospholipids and biliary lipids. In: Catapano AL, Bernini F, Corsini A, eds. High Density Lipoproteins: Physiopathology and Clinical Relevance. Raven, New York; 1993; p. 199–225.
24. Aleynik SI, Leo MA, Aleynik MK, Lieber CS. Alcohol-induced pancreatic oxidative stress: protection by phospholipid repletion. Free Radic Biol Med 1999; 26: 609–19.
25. Aleynik SI, Leo MA, Lieber CS. Polyenylphosphatidylcholine intake increases dilinoleolyphosphatidylcholine content and antioxidant capacity in human plasma. Hepatology 2000; 25 (suppl.): 544A.
26. Aleynik SI, Leo MA, Aleynik MK, Lieber CS. Polyenylphosphatidylcholine protects against alcohol but not iron-induced oxidative stress in the liver. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2000; 24: 196–206.
27. Aleynik SI, Leo MA, Ma X et al. Polyenylphosphatidylcholine prevents carbon tetrachloride-induced lipid peroxidation while it attenuates liver cirrhosis. J Hepatol 1997; 27: 554–61.
28. Kuntz E. The «essential» phospholipids in hepatology – 50 years of experimental and clinical experiences. Z Gastroenterol 1991; 29 (Suppl. 2): 7–13.
29. Gundermann KJ. The «Essential» Phospholipids as a Membrane Therapeutic. Szczecin, Jota press; 1993; p. 1–17.
30. European Pharmacopoeia. 6-th ed. 2007; 2: 2946–7.
31. DBP patent 1047597; US patent 4,235,793, US patent 5,438,044.
32. Okazaki M, Hara I, Kobayashi T, Hayashi M. Effect of phosphatidylcholine on the hemolytic activities of bile salts. J Jap Oil Chem Soc Inkagaku 1980; 29: 743–7.
33. Mathur SN, Simon I, Lokesh BR, Spector AA. Phospholipid fatty acid modification of rat liver microsomes affects acylcoenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase activity. Biochim Biophys Acta 1983; 751: 401–11.
34. Aleynik SI, Leo M-A, Takeshige U et al. Dilinoleoylphosphatidylcholine is the active antioxidant of polyenyl-phosphatidylcholine. J Invest Med 1999; 47: 507–12.
35. Navder KP, Lieber CS. Dilinoleoylphosphatidylcholine is responsible for the beneficial effects of polyenylphosphatidylcholine on ethanol-induced mitochondrial injury in rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002; 291: 1109–12.
36. Brady LM, Fox ES, Fimmel CJ. Polyenylphosphatidylcholine inhibits PDGF-induced proliferation in rat hepatic stellate cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1998; 248: 174–9.
37. Poniachik J, Baraona E, Zhao J, Lieber CS. Dilinoleoylphosphatidylcholine decreases hepatic stellate cell activation. J Lab Clin Med 1999; 133: 342–8.
38. Oneta CM, Mak KM, Lieber CS. Dilinoleoylphosphatidylcholine selectively modulates lipopolysaccharide-induced Kupffer cell activation. J Lab Clin Med 1999; 134: 466–70.
39. Navder KP, Baraona E, Lieber CS. Dilinoleoylphosphatidylcholine protects human low density lipoproteins against oxidation. Atherosclerosis 2000; 152: 89–95.
40. Aleynik MK, Lieber CS. Dilinoleoylphosphatidylcholine decreases ethanol-induced cytochrome P-4502E1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 288: 1047–51.
41. Xu Y, Leo MA, Lieber CS. DLPC attenuates alcohol-induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells expressing CYP2E1. Alcohol Alcoholism 2005; 40: 172–5.
42. Mak KM, Wen K, Ren C, Lieber CS. Dilinoleoylphosphatidylcholine reproduces the antiapoptotic actions of polyenylphosphatidylcholine against ethanol-induced hepatocyte apoptosis. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2003; 27: 997–100.
43. Cao Q, Mak KM, Lieber CS. Dilinoleoylphosphatidylcholine
decreases acetaldehyde-induced TNF-α generation in Kupffer cells
of ethanol-fed rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002; 299:
459–64.
44. Cao Q, Mak KM, Lieber CS. Dilinoleoylphosphatidylcholine decreases LPS-induced TNF-a generation in Kupffer cells of ethanol-fed rats: respective roles of MAPKs and NF-kB. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002; 294: 849–53.
45. Cao Q, Mak KM, Lieber CS. Dilinoleoylphosphatidylcholine prevents transforming growth factor β1-mediated collagen accumulation in cultured rat hepatic stellate cells. J Lab Clin Med 2002; 139: 202–10.
46. Cao Q, Mak KM, Lieber CS. DLPC decreases TGF-β1-induced collagen mRNA by inhibiting p38 MAPK in hepatic stellate cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2002; 283: G1051–61.
47. Cao Q, Mak KM, Lieber CS. DLPC and SAME prevent a1(I)
collagen mRNA up-regulation in human hepatic stellate cells, whether caused by leptin or menadione. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 350: 50–5.
48. Cao Q, Mak KM, Lieber CS. DLPC and SAMe combined prevent leptin-stimulated TIMP-1 production in LX-2 human hepatic stellate cells by inhibiting H202-mediated signal transduction. Liver Int 2006; 26: 221–31.
49. Lieber CS, Leo MA, Cao Q et al. The combination of S-adenosylmethionine and dilinoleoylphosphatidylcholine attenuates non-alcoholic steatohepatitis produced in rats by a high-fat diet. Nutr Res 2007; 27: 565–73.
50. Treede I, Braun A, Sparla R et al. Anti-inflammatory effects of phosphatidylcholine. J Biol Chem 2007; 282: 27155–64.
51. Pandey NR, Renwick J, Misquith A et al. Linoleic-acid enriched phospholipids act through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors
a to stimulate hepatic Apolipoprotein A-1 secretion. Biochemistry 2008; 47: 1579–87.
52. Chatterjee C, Young EK, Pussegoda KA et al. Hepatic high
density lipoprotein secretion regulates the mobilization of cell-surface hepatic lipase. Biochemistry 2009; 48: 5994–6001.
53. Pandey NR, Sultan K, Twomey E, Sparks DL. Phospholipids
block nuclear factor-kappa-B and tau phosphorylation and inhibit amyloid-beta secretion in human neuroblastoma cells. Neuroscience 2009; 164: 1744–53.
54. Yaguchi T, Nagata T, Nishizaki T. Dilinoleoylphosphatidylcholine ameliorates scopolamine-induced impairment of spatial learning and memory by targeting a7 nicotinic ACh receptors. Life Sci 2009;
84: 263-6.
55. Son Y, Lee JH, Kim N-H et al. Dilinoleoylphosphatidylcholine induces the expression of the anti-inflammatory heme oxygenase-1
in RAW264.7 macrophages. Biofactors 2010, March 24.
Кельн, 14 мая 2010 г.