1. Nathan DM, Buse JB, Davidson MB et al. Medical management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes: a consensus algorithm for the initiation and adjustment of therapy: a consensus statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2009; 32: 193–203.
2. Le CD, Folsom AR, Pankow JS, Brancati FL. Cardiovascular events in diabetic and nondiabetic adults with or without history of myocardial infarction. Circulation 2004; 109: 855–60.
3. Becker A, Bos G, de Vegt F et al. Cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes: comparison with nondiabetic individuals without and with prior cardiovascular disease 10-year follow-up of the Hoorn Study. Eur Heart J 2003; 24: 1406–13.
4. Fox CS, Coady S, Sorlie PD et al. The Framingham Heart Study. Increasing cardiovascular disease burden to diabetes mellitus. Circulation 2007; 115: 1544–50.
5. DeSousa C, Fonseca V. Therapeutic targets to reduce cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2009; 8: 361–7.
6. Campbell RK, White JR Jr. More choices than ever before: emerging therapies for type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Educ 2008; 34: 518–34.
7. Nissen SE, Wolski K. Effect of rosiglitazone on the risk of myocardial infarction and death from cardiovascular causes. N Engl J Med 2007; 356: 2457–71.
8. ACCORD Study Group. Effects of intensive glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2008; 358: 2545–59.
9. Advance Collaborative Group. Intensive blood glucose control and vascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2008; 358: 2560–72.
10. Duckworth W, Abraira C, Moritz T et al. Glucose control and vascular complications in veterans with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2009; 360: 129–39.
11. Meinert CL, Knatterud GL, Prout TE, Klimt CR. A study of the effects of hypoglycemic agents on vascular complications in patients with adult onset diabetes II. Mortality results. Diabetes 1970; 19: 789–815.
12. Dejager S, Razac S, Foley JE, Schweizer A. Vildagliptin in drug-naive patients with type 2 diabetes: a 24-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multiple-dose study. Horm Metab Res 2007; 39: 218–23.
13. Scherbaum WA, Schweizer A, Mari A et al. Efficacy and tolerability of vildagliptin in drug-naive patients with type 2 diabetes and mild hyperglycemia. Diabetes Obes Metab 2008; 10: 675–82.
14. Schweizer A, Couturier A, Foley JE, Dejager S. Comparison between vildagliptin and metformin to sustain reductions in HbA1c over one year in drug-naıve patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med 2007; 24: 955–61.
15. Goke B, Hershon K, Kerr D et al. Efficacy and safety of vildagliptin monotherapy during 2-year treatment of drug-naive patients with type 2 diabetes: comparison with metformin. Horm Metab Res 2008; 40: 892–895.
16. Foley JE, Sreenan S. Efficacy and safety comparison between the DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin and the sulfonylurea gliclazide after two years of monotherapy in drug-naive patients with type 2 diabetes. Horm Metab Res 2009; 41: 905–9.
17. Pan C, Yang W, Barona JP et al. Comparison of vildagliptin and acarbose monotherapy in patients with Type 2 diabetes: a 24-week, double-blind, randomized trial. Diabet Med 2008; 25: 435–41.
18. Rosenstock J, Baron MA, Dejager S, Mills D, Schweizer A. Comparison of vildagliptin and rosiglitazonemonotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 24-week, double-blind, randomized trial. Diabetes Care 2007; 30: 217–23.
19. Marfella R, Barbieri M, Grella R et al. Effects of vildagliptin twice daily vs. sitagliptin once daily on 24-hour acute glucose fluctuations. J Dia Comp 2009; 1: 1–5.
20. Ferrannini E et al. 52-week efficacy and safety of vildagliptin versus glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on metformin monotherapy. Diabetes Obes Metab 2008 (in press).
21. Matikainen N et al. Vildagliptin therapy reduces postprandial intestinal triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particles in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2006; 49: 2049–57.
22. Azuma K et al. Measurements of islet function and glucose metabolism with the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin in patients with type 2 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008; 95: 459–64.
23. Boschmann M et al. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009; 94: 846–52.
24. Rosenstock J et al. Effect of the DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin on incretin hormones, islet function, and postprandial glycemia in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. Diabetes Care 2007; Epub.
25. Richter G, Feddersen O, Wagner U et al. GLP-1 stimulates secretion of macromolecules from airways and relaxes pulmonary artery. Am J Physiol 1993; 265: L374–L381.
26. Yu M, Moreno C, Hoagland KM et al. Antihypertensive effect of glucagon-like peptide 1 in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. J Hypertens 2003; 21: 1125–35.
27. Nystrom T, Gutniak MK, Zhang Q et al. Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 on endothelial function in type 2 diabetes patients with stable coronary artery disease. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2004; 287: E1209–E1215.
28. Nikolaidis LA, Elahi D, Hentosz T et al. Recombinant glucagon-like peptide-1 increases myocardial glucose uptake and improves left ventricular performance in conscious dogs with pacing-induced dilated cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2004; 110: 955–61.
29. Nikolaidis LA, Doverspike A, Hentosz T et al. Glucagon-like peptide-1 limits myocardial stunning following brief coronary occlusion and reperfusion in conscious canines. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2005; 312: 303–8.
30. Ferrannini E, Gastaldelli A, Miyazaki Y et al. Beta cell function in subjects spanning the range from normal glucose tolerance to overt diabetes mellitus: a new analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90: 493–500.
31. Fonseca V, Dejager S, Albrecht S et al. Vildagliptin as add-on to insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Diabetes 2006; 55 (Suppl. 1): A111.
32. Garber AG, Schweizer A, Baron MA et al. Vildagliptin in combination with pioglitazone improves glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes failing thiazolidinedione monotherapy: randomized, placebo-controlled study. Diabetes Obes Metab 2007; 9: 166–74.
33. Halimi S, Schweizer A, Minic B et al. Combination treatment in the management of type 2 diabetes: focus on vildagliptin and metformin as a single tablet. Vascular Health and Risk Management 2008; 4 (3): 481–92.
34. Hargrove DM, Nardone NA, Persson LM et al. Glucose-dependent action of glucagon-like peptide-1 (7–37) in vivo during short- or long-term administration. Metabolism 1995; 44: 1231–7.
35. Henriksen DB, Alexandersen P, Bjarnason NH et al. Role of gastrointestinal hormones in postprandial reduction of bone resorption. J Bone Miner Res 2003; 18: 2180–9.
36. Herman GA, Bergman A, Stevens C et al. Effect of single oral doses of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, on incretin and plasma glucose levels after an oral glucose tolerance test in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006; 91: 4612–9.
37. Holst JJ. The physiology of glucagon-like peptide-1. Physiol Rev 2007; 87: 1409–39.
38. Holst JJ, Gromada J. Role of incretin hormones in the regulation of insulin secretion in diabetic and nondiabetic humans. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2004; 287: 199–206.
39. Hui H, Wright C, Perfetti R. Glucagon-like peptide 1 induces differentiation of islet duodenal homeobox-1-positive pancreatic ductal cells into insulin-secreting cells. Diabetes 2001; 50: 785–96.
40. Idris I, Donnelly R. Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors: a major new class of oral antidiabetic drug. Diabetes Obes Metab 2007; 9: 153–65.
41. Jang HJ, Kokrashvili Z, Theodorakis MJ et al. Gut-expressed gustducin and taste receptors regulate secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2007; 104: 15069–74.
42. Larsen P. Mechanism behind GLP-1 induced weight loss. Br J Vasc Dis 2008; 8 (Suppl. 2): 34–41.
43. Lauritsen KB, Moody AJ, Christensen KC et al. Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and insulin release after small-bowel resection in man. Scand J Gastroenterol 1980; 15: 833–40.
44. Cleary PA, Orchard TJ, Genuth S et al. The effect of intensive glycemic treatment on coronary artery calcification in type 1 diabetic participants of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) Study. Diabetes 2006; 55: 3556–65.
45. Otsuka A, Azuma K, Iesaki T et al. Temporary hyperglycaemia provokes monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells in rat thoracic aorta. Diabetologia 2005; 48: 2667–74.
46. Piga R, Naito Y, Kokura S et al. Short-term high glucose exposure induces monocyte-endothelial cells adhesion and transmigration by increasing VCAM-1 and MCP-1 expression in human aortic endothelial cells. Atherosclerosis 2007; 193: 328–34.
47. Yan SD, Schmidt AM, Anderson GM et al. Enhanced cellular oxidant stress by the interaction of advanced glycation end products with their receptors/binding proteins. J Biol Chem 1994; 269: 9889–97.
48. Camici GG, Schiavoni M, Francia P et al. Genetic deletion of p66(Shc) adaptor protein prevents hyperglycemia-induced endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2007; 104: 5217–22.
49. Ray KK, Seshasai SR, Wijesuriya S et al. Effect of intensive control of glucose on cardiovascular outcomes and death in patients with diabetes mellitus: a metaanalysis of randomised controlled trials. Lancet 2009; 373: 1765–72.
50. UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Effect of intensive blood glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). Lancet 1998; 352: 854–65.
51. Дедов И.И., Шестакова М.В. Консенсус по сахароснижающей терапии СД типа 2. 2011; 1: 7–12.

Г.Р.Галстян

ФГБУ Эндокринологический научный центр Минздравсоцразвития РФ