1. Lindsay EN. Managing recurrent urinary tract infections in women. Womens Health 2005; 1: 39–50.
2. Naber KG (Chairman), Bishop MC, Bjerklund-Johansen TE et al. Guidelines on the management of urinary and male genital tract infections. European Association of Urology; 2006: 7–8, Appendices 12.1 [Criteria for the diagnosis of a UTI]: 109.
3. Fihn SD. Acute uncomplicated urinary tract infection in women. N Engl J Med 2003; 349: 259–66.
4. Boyko EJ, Fihn SD, Scholes D et al. Risk of urinary tract infection and asymptomatic bacteriuria among diabetic and nondiabetic postmenopausal women. Am J Epidemiol 2005; 161: 557–64.
5. Raz R, Gennesin Y, Wasser J et al. Recurrent urinary tract infections in postmenopausal women. Clin Infect Dis 2000; 30: 152–6.
6. Ishitoya S, Yamamoto S, Mitsumori K et al. Non-secretor status is associated with female acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis. BJU Int 2002; 89: 851–4.
7. Grass GM, Sweetana SA. In vitro measurement of gastrointestinal tissue permeability using a new diffusion cell. Pharm Res 1988; 5: 372–6.
8. Owen RL, Ermak TH. Structural specializations for antigen uptake and processing in the digestive tract. Springer Semin Immunopathol 1990; 12: 139–52.
9. Thilagarajah R, Witherow RO, Walker MM. Quantitative histopathology can aid diagnosis in painful bladder syndrome. J Clin Pathol 1998; 51: 211–4.
10. Kunin CM, Evans C, Bartholomew D, Bates DG. The antimicrobial defense mechanism of the female urethra: a reassessment. J Urol 2002; 168: 413–9.
11. Pudney J, Anderson DJ. Immunobiology of the human penile urethra. Am J Pathol 1995; 147: 155–65.
12. Rosenthal M. Effect of a bacterial extract on cellular and humoral immune responses in humans. J Immunopharmac 1986; 8: 315–25.
13. Frey Ch, Obolensky W, Wyss H. Treatment of recurrent urinary tract infections: efficacy of an orally administered biological response modifier. Urol Int 1986; 41: 444–6.
14. Schulman CC, Corbusier A, Michiels H, Taenzer HJ. Oral immunotherapy of recurrent urinary tract infections: a double-blind placebocontrolled multicenter study. J Urol 1993; 150: 917–21.
15. Magasi P, Pánovics J, Illés A, Nagy M. Uro-Vaxom® and the management of recurrent urinary tract infection in adults: a randomized multicenter double-blind trial. Eur Urol 1994; 26: 137–40.
16. Hachen HJ. Oral immunotherapy in paraplegic patients with chronic urinary tract infections: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Urol 1990; 143: 759–63.
17. Tammen H, Frey Ch. Treatment of recurrent urinary tract infections with Uro-VaxomR. Open multicenter study with 521 patients. Urologe B 1988; 28: 294–6.
18. Tammen H and the German urinary tract infection study group. Immunobiotherapy with Uro-Vaxom in recurrent urinary tract infection. Br J Urol 1990; 65: 6–9.
19. Schneider H-J. New therapeutic approach for recurrent urinary tract infections. Marked reduction in recurrence rate in women with uncomplicated cystitis – few side effects, high compliance. Der Allgemeinarzt 1990; 12: 626–33.
20. Rugendorff EW. Immunological therapy of recurrent urinary tract infections with immunoactive E. coli fractions in women. Int Urogynecol J 1992; 3: 179–84.
21. Popa G, Lauber K-D, Rothe H, Rugendorff E. Rezidivierende Harnwegsinfektionen in der Postmenopause. Wirksamkeit einer oralen Immuntherapie mit E.-coli-Fraktionen. Münch Med Wschr 1996; 138: 713–6.
22. Naber KG, Cho Yong-Hyun, Matsumoto T, Schaeffer AJ. Immunoactive prophylaxis of recurrent urinary tract infections: a meta-analysis. Int J of Antimicrobial Agents 2009; 33: 111–9.
23. Bauer HW, Alloussi S, Egger G et al. Multicenter UTI Study Group. A long-term, multicenter, double-blind study of an Escherichia coli extract (OM-89) in female patients with recurrent urinary tract infections. Eur Urol 2005; 47: 542–8.
24. Pisani E, Palla R, Bono AV. Double-blind randomised clinical study of OM-8930 vs placebo in patients suffering from recurrent urinary tract infections. Geneva, Switzerland:OMPharma; 1992. (Data on file). Quoted in: Chiavaroli C, Moore A. An hypothesis to link the opposing immunological effects induced by the bacterial lysate OM-89 in urinary tract infection and rheumatoid arthritis. Bio Drugs 2006; 20: 141–9.
25. EAU Guidelines, 2011 edition. 3.5 Recurrent (uncomplicated) UTIs in women. P. 20–21.
26. Ball P, Mandell L, Niki Y, Tillotson G. Comparative tolerability of the newer fluoroquinolone antibacterials. Drug Saf 1999; 21: 407–21.
27. Sheehan RE, Wells AU, Milne DG, Hansell DM. Nitrofurantoin-induced lung disease: two cases demonstrating resolution of apparently irreversible CT abnormalities. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2000; 24: 259–61.
28. Langermann S, Mollby R, Burlein JE et al. Vaccination with FimH adhesin protects cynomolgus monkeys from colonization and infection by uropathogenic Escherichia coli. J Infect Dis 2000; 181: 774–8.
29. Pellegrino R, Galvalisi U, Scavone P et al. Evaluation of Proteus mirabilis structural fimbrial proteins as antigens against urinary tract infections. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 2003; 36: 103–10.
Авторы
Д.Ю.Пушкарь, А.В.Зайцев
ГОУ ВПО Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет Минздравсоцразвития РФ