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Кардиометаболический риск у женщин в пери- и постменопаузе
Кардиометаболический риск у женщин в пери- и постменопаузе
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Полный текст
Список литературы
1. International Diabetes Federation. The IDF consensus worldwide definition of the metabolic syndrome. http://www.idf.org/webdata/docs/ Metabolic_syndrome_definition.pdf
2. Eckel RH, Grundy SM, Zimmet PZ. The metabolic syndrome. Lancet 2005; 365: 1415–28.
3. Hu G, DECODE Study Group. Gender difference in all-cause and cardiovascular mortality related to hyperglycaemia and newly-diagnosed diabetes. Diabetologia 2003; 46: 608–17.
4. Manson JE, Hsia J, Johnson KC et al. Estrogen plus progestin and the risk of coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med 2003; 349: 523–34.
5. Hajjar I, Kotchen TA. Trends in prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the United States, 1988–2000. JAMA 2003; 290: 199–206.
6. Staessen JA, Li Y, Thijs L, Wang JG. Blood pressure reduction and cardiovascular prevention: an update including the 2003–2004 secondary prevention trials. Hypertens Res 2005; 28: 385–407.
7. Lewington S, Clarke R, Qizilbash N et al. Prospective Studies Collaboration. Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies. Lancet 2002; 360: 1903–13.
8. Reckelhoff JF. Basic research into the mechanisms responsible for postmenopausal hypertension. Int J Clin Pract 2004; 58 (Suppl. 139): 13–9.
9. Struthers AD, MacDonald TM. Review of aldosterone- and angiotensin II-induced target organ damage and prevention. Cardiovasc Res 2004; 61: 663–70.
10. Shapiro Y, Boaz M, Matas Z et al. The assotiation between the rennin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and arterial stiffness in young healthy subects. Clin Endocrinol 2008; 68: 510–2.
11. Schmidt BMW, Schmieder RE. Aldosterone induced cardiac damage focus on blood pressure independent effects. Am J Hypertens 2003; 16: 80–6.
12. Mahmud A, Feely J. Aldosterone-to-renin ratio, arterial stiffness, and the response to aldosterone antagonism in essential hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2005; 18: 50–5.
13. Mosca L, Appel LJ, Benjamin EJ et al. Evidence-based guidelines for cardiovascular disease prevention in women. Circulation 2004; 109: 672–93.
14. Sever PS, Dahlöf B, Poulter NR et al. Prevention of coronary and stroke events with atorvastatin in hypertensive patients who have average or lower-than-average cholesterol concentrations, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial–Lipid Lowering Arm (ASCOT-LLA): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2003; 361: 1149–58.
15. Walsh JME, Pingnone M. Drug treatment of hyperlipidemia in women. JAMA 2004; 291: 2243–52.
16. Hodis HN, Mack WJ. Postmenopausal hormone therapy in clinical perspective. Menopause 2007; 14 (5): 944–57.
17. Lee IM, Cook NR, Gaziano JM et al. Vitamin E in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer: the Women’s Health Study: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2005; 294: 56–65.
18. Reid IR, Mason B, Horne A et al. Effects of calcium supplementation on serum lipid concentrations in normal older women: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Med 2002; 112: 343–7.
19. Hsia J, Heiss G, Ren H et al. Calcium/vitamin D supplementation and cardiovascular events. Circulation 2007; 115: 846–54.
20. Bolland MJ, Barber PA, Doughty RN et al. Vascular events in healthy older women receiving calcium supplementation: randomized controlled trial. BMJ 2008; 336: 262–6.
21. Ginde AA, Scragg R, Schwartz RS, Camargo CA. Prospective study of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level, cardiovascular disease mortality, and all cause mortality in older U.S. adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2009; 57 (9): 1595–603.
22. Scragg R, Sowers M, Bell C. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, ethnicity, and blood pressure in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Am J Hypertens 2007; 20 (7): 713–9.
23. Judd SE, Nanes MS, Ziegler TR et al. Optimal vitamin D status attenuates the age-associated increase in systolic blood pressure in white Americans: results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Am J Clin Nutr 2008; 87 (1): 136–41.
24. Forman JP, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Willett WC et al. Vitamin D intake and risk of incident hypertension: results from three large prospective cohort studies. Hypertension 2005; 46 (4): 676–2.
25. Mathieu C, Gysemans C, Giulietti A et al. Vitamin D and diabetes. Diabetologia 2005; 48: 1247–57.
26. Chonchol M, Scragg R. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, insulin resistance, and kidney function in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Kidney Int 2007; 71: 134–9.
27. Liu E, Meigs JB, Pittas AG et al. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin d is associated with markers of the insulin resistant phenotype in nondiabetic adults. J Nutr 2009; 139: 329–34.
28. Pittas AG, Harris SS, Stark PC et al. The effects of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on blood glucose and markers of inflammation in nondiabetic adults. Diabetes Care 2007; 30: 980–6.
29. Pittas AG, Dawson-Hughes B, Li T et al. Vitamin D and calcium in-take in relation to type 2 diabetes in women. Diabetes Care 2006; 29 (3): 650–6.
30. Autier P, Gandini S. Vitamin D supplementation and total mortality: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Intern Med 2007; 167 (16): 1730–7.
31. Julius S, Nesbitt SD, Egan BM et al. Feasibility of treating prehypertension with an angiotensin-receptor blocker. N Engl J Med 2006; 354: 1685–97.
32. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR et al. The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JNC 7 report. JAMA 2003; 289: 2560–72.
33. Wong ND, Pio JR, Franklin SS et al. Preventing coronary events by optimal control of blood pressure and lipids in patients with the metabolic syndrome. Am J Cardiol 2003; 91: 1421–6.
34. Guidelines Subcommittee. 2003 European Society of Hypertension-European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. J Hypertens 2003; 21: 1011–153.
35. Dahlöf B, Sever PS, Poulter NR et al. Prevention of cardiovascular events with an antihypertensive regimen of amlodipine adding perindopril as required versus atenolol adding bendro-flumethiazide as required, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Blood Pressure Lowering Arm (ASCOT-BPLA): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2005; 366: 895–906.
36. Tang WH, Vagelos RH, Yee YG et al. Neurohormonal and clinical responses to high-versus low-dose enalapril therapy in chronic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002; 39: 70–8.
37. Rajagopalan S, Duquaine D, King S et al. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism in experimental atherosclerosis. Circulation 2002; 105: 2212–6.
38. Pitt B, Remme W, Zannad F et al. Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2003; 348: 1309–21.
39. Kasama S, Toyama T, Kumakura H et al. Spironolactone improves cardiac sympathetic nerve activity and symptoms in patients with congestive heart failure. J Nucl Med 2002; 43: 1279–85.
40. Ahokas RA, Warrington KJ, Gerling IC et al. Aldosteronism and peripheral blood mononuclear cell activation: a neuroendocrine-immune interface. Circ Res 2003; 93: e124–35.
41. White WB, Duprez D, Hillaire R et al. Effects of the selective aldosterone blocker eplerenone versus the calcium antagonist amlodipine in systolic hypertension. Hypertension 2003; 41: 1021–6.
42. Rosano GM, Vitale C, Silvestri A, Fini M. Hormone replacement therapy and cardioprotection: the end of the tale? Ann NY Acad Sci 2003; 997: 351–7.
43. Patel SM, Ratcliffe SJ, Reilly MP et al. Higher serum testosterone concentration in older women is associated with insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009; 94 (12): 4776–84.
44. Hshia J, Criqui MH, Herrington DM et al. Womenś Health Initiative Research Group. Conjugated equine estrogens and coronary heart disease. Arch Intern Med 2006; 166: 357–65.
45. Grodstein F, Manson JE, Stampfer M. Hormone Therapy and coronary heart disease: the role of time since menopause and age at hormone initiation. J Womens Health 2006; 15: 35–44.
46. Alexandersen P, Tanko LB, Bagger YZ et al. The long-term impact of 2–3 years of hormone replacement therapy on cardiovascular mortality and atherosclerosis in healthy women. Climacteric 2006; 9: 1489–99.
47. Grady D, Herrington D, Bittner V et al. Cardiovascular disease outcomes during 6.8 years of hormone therapy. J Am Med Assoc 2002; 288: 49–57.
48. Writing group for the Women`s Health Initiative Investigators. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women. J Am Med Assoc 2002; 288: 321–33.
49. Phillips LS, Langer RD. Postmenopausal hormone therapy: critical reappraisal and a unified hypothesis. Fertil Steril 2005; 83: 558–66.
50. Pines A, Sturdee DW, Birkhauser M et al. More data on hormone therapy and coronary heart disease: Comments on recent publications from the WHI and Nurses' Health Study. Climacteric 2006; 9: 75–6.
51. Salpeter SR, Walsh JME, Greyber E, Salpeter EE. Coronary heart disease events associated with hormone therapy in younger and older women. Gen Intern Med 2006; 21: 363–6.
52. Salpeter SR, Walsh ME, Greyber E et al. Mortality associated with hormone therapy in younger and older women. Gen Intern Med 2004; 19: 791–804.
53. Koh KK. Can a healthy endothelium influence the cardiovascular effects of hormone replacement therapy? Int J Cardiol 2003; 87: 1–8.
54. Sitruk-Ware R. Pharmacology of different progestogens: the special case of drospirenone. Climacteric 2005; 8 (Suppl. 3): 4–12.
55. Archer DF, Thorneycroft IH, Foegh M et al. Long-term safety of drospirenone-estradiol for hormone therapy: a randomized, double-blind, multicenter trial. Menopause 2005; 12: 716–27.
56. Preston RA, White WB, Pitt B et al. Effects of drospirenone/17-beta estradiol on blood pressure and potassium balance in hypertensive postmenopausal women. Am J Hypertens 2005; 18: 797–804.
57. White WB, Pitt B, Preston RA, Hanes V. Antihypertensive effects of drospirenone with 17beta-estradiol, a novel hormone treatment in postmenopausal women with stage 1 hypertension. Circulation 2005; 112: 1979–84.
58. Dinger J, Assmann A. The safety of continuous combined HRT under real life conditions: results from the EURAS HRT study. 8th Congress Eur Soc Gynecol, 2009.
2. Eckel RH, Grundy SM, Zimmet PZ. The metabolic syndrome. Lancet 2005; 365: 1415–28.
3. Hu G, DECODE Study Group. Gender difference in all-cause and cardiovascular mortality related to hyperglycaemia and newly-diagnosed diabetes. Diabetologia 2003; 46: 608–17.
4. Manson JE, Hsia J, Johnson KC et al. Estrogen plus progestin and the risk of coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med 2003; 349: 523–34.
5. Hajjar I, Kotchen TA. Trends in prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the United States, 1988–2000. JAMA 2003; 290: 199–206.
6. Staessen JA, Li Y, Thijs L, Wang JG. Blood pressure reduction and cardiovascular prevention: an update including the 2003–2004 secondary prevention trials. Hypertens Res 2005; 28: 385–407.
7. Lewington S, Clarke R, Qizilbash N et al. Prospective Studies Collaboration. Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies. Lancet 2002; 360: 1903–13.
8. Reckelhoff JF. Basic research into the mechanisms responsible for postmenopausal hypertension. Int J Clin Pract 2004; 58 (Suppl. 139): 13–9.
9. Struthers AD, MacDonald TM. Review of aldosterone- and angiotensin II-induced target organ damage and prevention. Cardiovasc Res 2004; 61: 663–70.
10. Shapiro Y, Boaz M, Matas Z et al. The assotiation between the rennin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and arterial stiffness in young healthy subects. Clin Endocrinol 2008; 68: 510–2.
11. Schmidt BMW, Schmieder RE. Aldosterone induced cardiac damage focus on blood pressure independent effects. Am J Hypertens 2003; 16: 80–6.
12. Mahmud A, Feely J. Aldosterone-to-renin ratio, arterial stiffness, and the response to aldosterone antagonism in essential hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2005; 18: 50–5.
13. Mosca L, Appel LJ, Benjamin EJ et al. Evidence-based guidelines for cardiovascular disease prevention in women. Circulation 2004; 109: 672–93.
14. Sever PS, Dahlöf B, Poulter NR et al. Prevention of coronary and stroke events with atorvastatin in hypertensive patients who have average or lower-than-average cholesterol concentrations, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial–Lipid Lowering Arm (ASCOT-LLA): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2003; 361: 1149–58.
15. Walsh JME, Pingnone M. Drug treatment of hyperlipidemia in women. JAMA 2004; 291: 2243–52.
16. Hodis HN, Mack WJ. Postmenopausal hormone therapy in clinical perspective. Menopause 2007; 14 (5): 944–57.
17. Lee IM, Cook NR, Gaziano JM et al. Vitamin E in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer: the Women’s Health Study: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2005; 294: 56–65.
18. Reid IR, Mason B, Horne A et al. Effects of calcium supplementation on serum lipid concentrations in normal older women: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Med 2002; 112: 343–7.
19. Hsia J, Heiss G, Ren H et al. Calcium/vitamin D supplementation and cardiovascular events. Circulation 2007; 115: 846–54.
20. Bolland MJ, Barber PA, Doughty RN et al. Vascular events in healthy older women receiving calcium supplementation: randomized controlled trial. BMJ 2008; 336: 262–6.
21. Ginde AA, Scragg R, Schwartz RS, Camargo CA. Prospective study of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level, cardiovascular disease mortality, and all cause mortality in older U.S. adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2009; 57 (9): 1595–603.
22. Scragg R, Sowers M, Bell C. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, ethnicity, and blood pressure in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Am J Hypertens 2007; 20 (7): 713–9.
23. Judd SE, Nanes MS, Ziegler TR et al. Optimal vitamin D status attenuates the age-associated increase in systolic blood pressure in white Americans: results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Am J Clin Nutr 2008; 87 (1): 136–41.
24. Forman JP, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Willett WC et al. Vitamin D intake and risk of incident hypertension: results from three large prospective cohort studies. Hypertension 2005; 46 (4): 676–2.
25. Mathieu C, Gysemans C, Giulietti A et al. Vitamin D and diabetes. Diabetologia 2005; 48: 1247–57.
26. Chonchol M, Scragg R. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, insulin resistance, and kidney function in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Kidney Int 2007; 71: 134–9.
27. Liu E, Meigs JB, Pittas AG et al. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin d is associated with markers of the insulin resistant phenotype in nondiabetic adults. J Nutr 2009; 139: 329–34.
28. Pittas AG, Harris SS, Stark PC et al. The effects of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on blood glucose and markers of inflammation in nondiabetic adults. Diabetes Care 2007; 30: 980–6.
29. Pittas AG, Dawson-Hughes B, Li T et al. Vitamin D and calcium in-take in relation to type 2 diabetes in women. Diabetes Care 2006; 29 (3): 650–6.
30. Autier P, Gandini S. Vitamin D supplementation and total mortality: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Intern Med 2007; 167 (16): 1730–7.
31. Julius S, Nesbitt SD, Egan BM et al. Feasibility of treating prehypertension with an angiotensin-receptor blocker. N Engl J Med 2006; 354: 1685–97.
32. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR et al. The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JNC 7 report. JAMA 2003; 289: 2560–72.
33. Wong ND, Pio JR, Franklin SS et al. Preventing coronary events by optimal control of blood pressure and lipids in patients with the metabolic syndrome. Am J Cardiol 2003; 91: 1421–6.
34. Guidelines Subcommittee. 2003 European Society of Hypertension-European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. J Hypertens 2003; 21: 1011–153.
35. Dahlöf B, Sever PS, Poulter NR et al. Prevention of cardiovascular events with an antihypertensive regimen of amlodipine adding perindopril as required versus atenolol adding bendro-flumethiazide as required, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Blood Pressure Lowering Arm (ASCOT-BPLA): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2005; 366: 895–906.
36. Tang WH, Vagelos RH, Yee YG et al. Neurohormonal and clinical responses to high-versus low-dose enalapril therapy in chronic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002; 39: 70–8.
37. Rajagopalan S, Duquaine D, King S et al. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism in experimental atherosclerosis. Circulation 2002; 105: 2212–6.
38. Pitt B, Remme W, Zannad F et al. Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2003; 348: 1309–21.
39. Kasama S, Toyama T, Kumakura H et al. Spironolactone improves cardiac sympathetic nerve activity and symptoms in patients with congestive heart failure. J Nucl Med 2002; 43: 1279–85.
40. Ahokas RA, Warrington KJ, Gerling IC et al. Aldosteronism and peripheral blood mononuclear cell activation: a neuroendocrine-immune interface. Circ Res 2003; 93: e124–35.
41. White WB, Duprez D, Hillaire R et al. Effects of the selective aldosterone blocker eplerenone versus the calcium antagonist amlodipine in systolic hypertension. Hypertension 2003; 41: 1021–6.
42. Rosano GM, Vitale C, Silvestri A, Fini M. Hormone replacement therapy and cardioprotection: the end of the tale? Ann NY Acad Sci 2003; 997: 351–7.
43. Patel SM, Ratcliffe SJ, Reilly MP et al. Higher serum testosterone concentration in older women is associated with insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009; 94 (12): 4776–84.
44. Hshia J, Criqui MH, Herrington DM et al. Womenś Health Initiative Research Group. Conjugated equine estrogens and coronary heart disease. Arch Intern Med 2006; 166: 357–65.
45. Grodstein F, Manson JE, Stampfer M. Hormone Therapy and coronary heart disease: the role of time since menopause and age at hormone initiation. J Womens Health 2006; 15: 35–44.
46. Alexandersen P, Tanko LB, Bagger YZ et al. The long-term impact of 2–3 years of hormone replacement therapy on cardiovascular mortality and atherosclerosis in healthy women. Climacteric 2006; 9: 1489–99.
47. Grady D, Herrington D, Bittner V et al. Cardiovascular disease outcomes during 6.8 years of hormone therapy. J Am Med Assoc 2002; 288: 49–57.
48. Writing group for the Women`s Health Initiative Investigators. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women. J Am Med Assoc 2002; 288: 321–33.
49. Phillips LS, Langer RD. Postmenopausal hormone therapy: critical reappraisal and a unified hypothesis. Fertil Steril 2005; 83: 558–66.
50. Pines A, Sturdee DW, Birkhauser M et al. More data on hormone therapy and coronary heart disease: Comments on recent publications from the WHI and Nurses' Health Study. Climacteric 2006; 9: 75–6.
51. Salpeter SR, Walsh JME, Greyber E, Salpeter EE. Coronary heart disease events associated with hormone therapy in younger and older women. Gen Intern Med 2006; 21: 363–6.
52. Salpeter SR, Walsh ME, Greyber E et al. Mortality associated with hormone therapy in younger and older women. Gen Intern Med 2004; 19: 791–804.
53. Koh KK. Can a healthy endothelium influence the cardiovascular effects of hormone replacement therapy? Int J Cardiol 2003; 87: 1–8.
54. Sitruk-Ware R. Pharmacology of different progestogens: the special case of drospirenone. Climacteric 2005; 8 (Suppl. 3): 4–12.
55. Archer DF, Thorneycroft IH, Foegh M et al. Long-term safety of drospirenone-estradiol for hormone therapy: a randomized, double-blind, multicenter trial. Menopause 2005; 12: 716–27.
56. Preston RA, White WB, Pitt B et al. Effects of drospirenone/17-beta estradiol on blood pressure and potassium balance in hypertensive postmenopausal women. Am J Hypertens 2005; 18: 797–804.
57. White WB, Pitt B, Preston RA, Hanes V. Antihypertensive effects of drospirenone with 17beta-estradiol, a novel hormone treatment in postmenopausal women with stage 1 hypertension. Circulation 2005; 112: 1979–84.
58. Dinger J, Assmann A. The safety of continuous combined HRT under real life conditions: results from the EURAS HRT study. 8th Congress Eur Soc Gynecol, 2009.
Авторы
1И.В.Кузнецова, 2В.Б.Мычка, 3Н.А.Войченко, 2М.Ю.Кириллова, 4Р.Г.Оганов
1. ГОУ ДПО Российская медицинская академия последипломного образования, Москва;
2. Институт клинической кардиологии им. А.Л.Мясникова ФГБУ РКНПК Минздрава РФ, Москва;
3. ГБОУ ВПО Первый МГМУ им. И.М.Сеченова Минздрава РФ;
4. ФГБУ Государственный научно-исследовательский центр профилактической медицины Минздрава РФ, Москва
1. ГОУ ДПО Российская медицинская академия последипломного образования, Москва;
2. Институт клинической кардиологии им. А.Л.Мясникова ФГБУ РКНПК Минздрава РФ, Москва;
3. ГБОУ ВПО Первый МГМУ им. И.М.Сеченова Минздрава РФ;
4. ФГБУ Государственный научно-исследовательский центр профилактической медицины Минздрава РФ, Москва
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