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Падения – важный фактор риска переломов: причины и способы профилактики
Падения – важный фактор риска переломов: причины и способы профилактики
Скрипникова И.А. Падения – важный фактор риска переломов: причины и способы профилактики. Consilium Medicum. 2014; 16 (6): 28–33.
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Полный текст
Список литературы
1. Kellogg International Working Group. The prevention of falls in later life. Danish Medical bulletin 1987; 34 (4): 1–24.
2. Tinetti ME. Clinical practice. Preventing falls in elderly persons.
N Engl J Med 2003; 348: 42–9.
3. Campbell AJ, Borrie ML, Spears GF et al. Risk factors for falls in a community – based prospective study of people 70 years and older.
J Gerontol 1989; 44: M112–M117.
4. Nevitt MC, Cummings SR, Kidd S et al. Risk factors for recurrent nonsyncopal falls. A prospective study. JAMA 1989; 261: 2663–8.
5. Rubenstein IZ, Josephson KR. The epidemiology of falls and syncope. Clin Geriatr Med 2002; 18: 141–58.
6. Tinetti ME, Williams CS. Falls, injuries due to falls, and the risk of admission to a nursing home. N Engl J Med 1997; 337: 1279–84.
7. Robinovitch SN, Inkster L, Maurer J et al. Strategies for avoiding hip impact during sideways falls. J Bone Miner Res 2003; 18: 1267–73.
8. Cumming RG. Falls and fractures in the elderly. Drugs Aging 1998; 12: 43–53.
9. Меньшикова Л.В., Храмцова Н.А., Ершова О.Б. и др. Ближайшие и отдаленные исходы переломов проксимального отдела бедра у лиц пожилого возраста и их медико-социальные последствия (по данным многоцентрового исследования). Остеопороз и остеопатии. 2002; 1: 8–11.
10. Graham HJ, Firth J. Home accidents in older people: role of primary health care team. BMJ 1992; 305: 30–2.
11. Лесняк О.М. Падения как важная составная часть проблемы переломов у пожилых людей. РМЖ. 2008; 17: 1142–6.
12. Белая Ж.Е., Рожинская Л.Я. Падения – важная социальная проблема пожилых людей: основные механизмы развития и пути предупреждения. РМЖ. 2009; 17 (24): 1614–21.
13. Robbins AS et al. Predictors of falls among elderly people. Results of two population-based study. Arch Internal Med 1989; 149: 1628–33.
14. Friedman SM et al. Falls and fear of falling: which came first? A longitudinal prediction model suggests strategies for primary and secondary prevention. J Am Geriatr Soc 2002; 50 (8): 1329–35.
15. Graafmans W et al. Falls in the elderly: a prospective study of risk factors and risk profiles. Am J Epidemiol 2001; 143: 1136–9.
16. Gregg EF, Pereira MA, Caspersen SJ. Physical activity, falls and fractures among older adults: a review of the epidemiologic evidence. J Am Geriatr Soc 2000; 48: 883–93.
17. O’Loughlin J et al. Incidence of and risk factors for falls and injurious falls among the community-dwelling elderly. Am J Epidemiol 1993; 137: 342–54.
18. American Geriatrics Society, British Geriatrics Society and American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Panel on Falls Prevention. Guidelines for the prevention of falls in older persons. J Am Geriatr Soc 2001; 49: 664–72.
19. Rantanen T et al. Midlife hand grip strength as a predictor of old age disability. JAMA 1999; 281: 558–60.
20. Ivers RQ et al. Visual impairment and falls in older adults: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. J Am Geriatr Soc 1998; 46: 58–64.
21. Lord SR, Dayhew J, Howland A. Multifocal glasses impair edge-contrast sensitivity and depth perception and increase the risk of falls in older people. J Am Geriatr Soc 2002; 50 (11): 1760–6.
22. Jarvinen TLN, Sievanen H, Khan KM et al. Shifting the focus in fracture prevention from osteoporosis to falls. BMJ 2008; 336: 124–6.
23. Van Schoor NM et al. Different cognitive functions in relation to falls among older persons. Immediate memory as an independent risk factor for falls. J Clin Epidemiol 2002; 55: 855–62.
24. Van Doorn C et al. Dementia as a risk factor for falls and injuries among nursing home residents. J Am Geriatr Soc 2003; 51 (9): 1213–8.
25. Tinetti ME, Speechley M, Ginter S. Risk factors for falls among elderly persons living in community. N Engl J Med 1988; 319: 1701–7.
26. Lawlor DA, Patel R, Ebrahim S et al. Association between falls in elderly women and chronic diseases and drug use: cross-sectional study. BMJ 2003; 327: 712–7.
27. Tinetti M et al. Risk factors for serious injury during falls by older persons in the community. J Am Geriatr Soc 1996; 43: 1214–21.
28. Luukinen H et al. Predictors for recurrent falls among the home-dwelling elderly. Scand J Prim Health Care 1995; 13: 294–9.
29. Barret-Connor E, Weiss TW, McHorney CA et al. Predictors of falls among postmenopausal women: results from the National Osteoporosis Risk Assessment (NORA). J Osteoporos Int 2009; 20: 715–22.
30. Dukas L, Schacht E, Runge M. Independent from muscle power and balance performance, a creatinine clearance below 65 ml/min is a significant and independent risk factor for falls and fall-related fractures in elderly men and women diagnosed with osteoporosis.
J Osteoporos Int 2009.
31. Larsson F. Effect of dietary supplementation on nutritional status and clinical outcome in 501 geriatric patients: a randomized study. Clin Nutr 1990; 9: 179–84.
32. Meunier P. Prevention of hip fractures by correcting calcium and vitamin D insufficiencies in elderly people. Scand J Rheumatol 1996; 25: 75–8.
33. Riefkohl EZ, Pharm D, Htather L et al. Medication and falls in the elderly: a review of the evidence and practical considerations. P&T 2003; 28 (11): 724–33.
34. Feder G et al. Guidelines for the prevention of falls in older people. BMJ 2000; 321: 1007–11.
35. Robbins AS et al. Predictors of falls among elderly people. Results of two population-based studies. Arch Internal Med 1989; 149: 1628–33.
36. Koski K et al. Physiological factors and medications as predictors of injurious falls by elderly people: a prospective population-based study. Age and ageing 1996; 25: 29–38.
37. Koski K et al. Risk factors for major injurious falls among the home-dwelling elderly by functional abilities. Gerontology1998; 44: 232–8.
38. Lord SR, Sherrington C, Menz HB. Falls in older people: risk factors and strategies for prevention. Cambridge University Press 2000.
39. Dean E, Ross J. Relationships among cane fitting, function, and falls. Physical therapy 1993; 73: 494–504.
40. Leipzig RM, Cumming RC, Tinneti ME. Drugs and falls in older people: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Part I. Psychotropic drugs. J Am Geriatr Soc 1999; 47: 30–9.
41. Leipzig RM, Cumming RC, Tinneti ME. Drugs and falls in older people: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Part II. Cardiac and analgetic drugs. J Am Geriatr Soc 1999; 47: 40–50.
42. Butt DA, Mamdani M, Austin PC et al. The risk of falls on initiation of antihypertensive drugs in the eldery. Osteoporos Int 2013.
43. Скрипникова И.А., Собченко К.Е., Косматова О.В. и др. Влияние сердечно-сосудистых препаратов на кость и возмож-
ность их использования для профилактики остеопороза. Рациональная фармакотерапия. 2012; 8 (4): 587–94.
44. Собченко К.Е., Скрипникова И.А., Новиков В.Е. и др. Изучение ассоциации антигипертензивной и липидснижающей терапии с костной массой в зависимости от факторов риска остеопороза. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профи-
лактика. 2013; 5: 49–55.
45. Tinetti ME, Han L, Lee DSH et al. Antihyprttensive medications and serious injuriesin a national representative sample of older adults. JAMA Intern Med 2014; 174 (4): 588–95.
46. Фролова Е.В., Корыстина Е.М. Комплексная оценка состояния здоровья пожилого человека. Методические указания. СПб., 2013.
47. Fried LP et al. Untangling the concepts of disability, frailty, and comorbidity: implications for improved targeting and care. J Gerontol Med Sci2004; 59 (3): 255–63.
48. Ferrucci L et al. Designing randomized, controlled trials aimed at preventing or delaying functional decline and disability in trail, older persons: A consensus report. J Am Geriatr Soc 2004; 52: 625–34.
49. Tinetti ME. Performance-oriented assessment of mobility problems in elderly patients. J Am Geriatr Soc 1986; 34: 119–26.
50. Berg KO, Wood-Dauphinese SL, Wiliams JI et al. Measuring Balance in the elderly: Validation of insntrument. Arch Phis Med Rehabil 2004; 85 (7): 1128–35.
51. Oliver D, Connelly JB, Victor CR et al. Strategies to prevent falls and fractures in hospitals and care homes and effect of cognitive impairment: systematic review and meta-analyses. BMJ 2007; 334: 82.
52. Lord SR, Sherrington C, Menz HB. Falls in older people: risk factors and strategies for prevention. Cambridge University Press, 2000.
53. Close J et al. Prevention of falls in the elderly trial (PROFET): a randomized controlled trial. Lancet 1999; 353: 93–7.
54. Campbell AJ et al. Psychotropic medication withdrawal and a home-based exercise program to prevent falls: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Geriatr Soc1999; 47: 775–83.
55. Jackson C, Gaugris S, Sen SS et al. The effect of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) on the risk of fall and fracture: a meta-analysis. Q J Med 2007; 100: 185–92.
56. Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Orav EJ, Dawson-Hughes B. Additive benefit of higher testosterone levels and vitamin D plus calcium supplementation in regard to fall risk reduction among older men and women. Osteoporos Int 2008; 19: 1307–14.
57. Tinetti ME, Baker DI, McAvay G et al. A multifactorial intervention to reduce the risk of falling among elderly people living in the community. N Engl J Med 1994; 331 (13): 821–7.
58. Haumschild MJ, Karfonta TL, Haumschild MS et al. Clinical and economic outcomes of fall-focused pharmaceutical intervention program. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2003; 60: 1029–32.
59. Campbell AJ, Robertson MC, Gardner MM et al. Psychotropic medication withdrawal and home-based exercise program to prevent falls: A randomized controlled trial. J Am Geriatr Soc 1999; 47: 850–3.
60. Alsop K, Mac Mahon M. Withdrawing cardiovascular medications at a syncope clinic. Postgrad Med J 2001; 77: 403–5.
61. Lindenbaum L, Rosenberg IH, Wilson PWF et al. Prevalence of cobalamin deficiency in the Framingham elderly population. Am J Clin Nutr 1994; 60: 2–11.
62. Dhesi JK, Moniz C, Close JCT et al. A rationale for vitamin D prescription in a falls clinic population. Age Ageing 2002; 31: 267–71.
63. Lang T, Streeper T, Cawthon P et al. Sarcopenia: etiology, clinical consequences, intervention, and assessment. J Osteoporos Int 2009; epub ahead of printing.
64. Borst SE. Iterventions for sarcopenia and muscle weakness in older people. Age Ageing 2004; 33: 548–55.
65. Wang C, Swerdloff RS, Iranmanesh A et al. Transdermal testosterone gel improves sexual function, mood, muscle strength, and body composition parameters in hypogonadal man. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85: 2839–53.
66. Jackson C, Gaugris S, Sen SS et al. The effect of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) on the risk of fall and fracture: a meta-analysis. Q J Med 2007; 100: 185–92.
67. Richy F, Dukas L, Schacht E. Differential effects of D–Hormone analogs and native vitamin D on the risk of falls: a comparative meta-analysis. Calcific Tissue Int 2008; epub ahead of print.
68. Dukas L, Schacht E, Mazor Z et al. Treatment with alfacalcidol in elderly people significantly decreases the high risk of falls associated with a low creatinine clearance of <65 ml/min. Osteoporos Int 2005; 16: 198–203.
2. Tinetti ME. Clinical practice. Preventing falls in elderly persons.
N Engl J Med 2003; 348: 42–9.
3. Campbell AJ, Borrie ML, Spears GF et al. Risk factors for falls in a community – based prospective study of people 70 years and older.
J Gerontol 1989; 44: M112–M117.
4. Nevitt MC, Cummings SR, Kidd S et al. Risk factors for recurrent nonsyncopal falls. A prospective study. JAMA 1989; 261: 2663–8.
5. Rubenstein IZ, Josephson KR. The epidemiology of falls and syncope. Clin Geriatr Med 2002; 18: 141–58.
6. Tinetti ME, Williams CS. Falls, injuries due to falls, and the risk of admission to a nursing home. N Engl J Med 1997; 337: 1279–84.
7. Robinovitch SN, Inkster L, Maurer J et al. Strategies for avoiding hip impact during sideways falls. J Bone Miner Res 2003; 18: 1267–73.
8. Cumming RG. Falls and fractures in the elderly. Drugs Aging 1998; 12: 43–53.
9. Меньшикова Л.В., Храмцова Н.А., Ершова О.Б. и др. Ближайшие и отдаленные исходы переломов проксимального отдела бедра у лиц пожилого возраста и их медико-социальные последствия (по данным многоцентрового исследования). Остеопороз и остеопатии. 2002; 1: 8–11.
10. Graham HJ, Firth J. Home accidents in older people: role of primary health care team. BMJ 1992; 305: 30–2.
11. Лесняк О.М. Падения как важная составная часть проблемы переломов у пожилых людей. РМЖ. 2008; 17: 1142–6.
12. Белая Ж.Е., Рожинская Л.Я. Падения – важная социальная проблема пожилых людей: основные механизмы развития и пути предупреждения. РМЖ. 2009; 17 (24): 1614–21.
13. Robbins AS et al. Predictors of falls among elderly people. Results of two population-based study. Arch Internal Med 1989; 149: 1628–33.
14. Friedman SM et al. Falls and fear of falling: which came first? A longitudinal prediction model suggests strategies for primary and secondary prevention. J Am Geriatr Soc 2002; 50 (8): 1329–35.
15. Graafmans W et al. Falls in the elderly: a prospective study of risk factors and risk profiles. Am J Epidemiol 2001; 143: 1136–9.
16. Gregg EF, Pereira MA, Caspersen SJ. Physical activity, falls and fractures among older adults: a review of the epidemiologic evidence. J Am Geriatr Soc 2000; 48: 883–93.
17. O’Loughlin J et al. Incidence of and risk factors for falls and injurious falls among the community-dwelling elderly. Am J Epidemiol 1993; 137: 342–54.
18. American Geriatrics Society, British Geriatrics Society and American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Panel on Falls Prevention. Guidelines for the prevention of falls in older persons. J Am Geriatr Soc 2001; 49: 664–72.
19. Rantanen T et al. Midlife hand grip strength as a predictor of old age disability. JAMA 1999; 281: 558–60.
20. Ivers RQ et al. Visual impairment and falls in older adults: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. J Am Geriatr Soc 1998; 46: 58–64.
21. Lord SR, Dayhew J, Howland A. Multifocal glasses impair edge-contrast sensitivity and depth perception and increase the risk of falls in older people. J Am Geriatr Soc 2002; 50 (11): 1760–6.
22. Jarvinen TLN, Sievanen H, Khan KM et al. Shifting the focus in fracture prevention from osteoporosis to falls. BMJ 2008; 336: 124–6.
23. Van Schoor NM et al. Different cognitive functions in relation to falls among older persons. Immediate memory as an independent risk factor for falls. J Clin Epidemiol 2002; 55: 855–62.
24. Van Doorn C et al. Dementia as a risk factor for falls and injuries among nursing home residents. J Am Geriatr Soc 2003; 51 (9): 1213–8.
25. Tinetti ME, Speechley M, Ginter S. Risk factors for falls among elderly persons living in community. N Engl J Med 1988; 319: 1701–7.
26. Lawlor DA, Patel R, Ebrahim S et al. Association between falls in elderly women and chronic diseases and drug use: cross-sectional study. BMJ 2003; 327: 712–7.
27. Tinetti M et al. Risk factors for serious injury during falls by older persons in the community. J Am Geriatr Soc 1996; 43: 1214–21.
28. Luukinen H et al. Predictors for recurrent falls among the home-dwelling elderly. Scand J Prim Health Care 1995; 13: 294–9.
29. Barret-Connor E, Weiss TW, McHorney CA et al. Predictors of falls among postmenopausal women: results from the National Osteoporosis Risk Assessment (NORA). J Osteoporos Int 2009; 20: 715–22.
30. Dukas L, Schacht E, Runge M. Independent from muscle power and balance performance, a creatinine clearance below 65 ml/min is a significant and independent risk factor for falls and fall-related fractures in elderly men and women diagnosed with osteoporosis.
J Osteoporos Int 2009.
31. Larsson F. Effect of dietary supplementation on nutritional status and clinical outcome in 501 geriatric patients: a randomized study. Clin Nutr 1990; 9: 179–84.
32. Meunier P. Prevention of hip fractures by correcting calcium and vitamin D insufficiencies in elderly people. Scand J Rheumatol 1996; 25: 75–8.
33. Riefkohl EZ, Pharm D, Htather L et al. Medication and falls in the elderly: a review of the evidence and practical considerations. P&T 2003; 28 (11): 724–33.
34. Feder G et al. Guidelines for the prevention of falls in older people. BMJ 2000; 321: 1007–11.
35. Robbins AS et al. Predictors of falls among elderly people. Results of two population-based studies. Arch Internal Med 1989; 149: 1628–33.
36. Koski K et al. Physiological factors and medications as predictors of injurious falls by elderly people: a prospective population-based study. Age and ageing 1996; 25: 29–38.
37. Koski K et al. Risk factors for major injurious falls among the home-dwelling elderly by functional abilities. Gerontology1998; 44: 232–8.
38. Lord SR, Sherrington C, Menz HB. Falls in older people: risk factors and strategies for prevention. Cambridge University Press 2000.
39. Dean E, Ross J. Relationships among cane fitting, function, and falls. Physical therapy 1993; 73: 494–504.
40. Leipzig RM, Cumming RC, Tinneti ME. Drugs and falls in older people: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Part I. Psychotropic drugs. J Am Geriatr Soc 1999; 47: 30–9.
41. Leipzig RM, Cumming RC, Tinneti ME. Drugs and falls in older people: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Part II. Cardiac and analgetic drugs. J Am Geriatr Soc 1999; 47: 40–50.
42. Butt DA, Mamdani M, Austin PC et al. The risk of falls on initiation of antihypertensive drugs in the eldery. Osteoporos Int 2013.
43. Скрипникова И.А., Собченко К.Е., Косматова О.В. и др. Влияние сердечно-сосудистых препаратов на кость и возмож-
ность их использования для профилактики остеопороза. Рациональная фармакотерапия. 2012; 8 (4): 587–94.
44. Собченко К.Е., Скрипникова И.А., Новиков В.Е. и др. Изучение ассоциации антигипертензивной и липидснижающей терапии с костной массой в зависимости от факторов риска остеопороза. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профи-
лактика. 2013; 5: 49–55.
45. Tinetti ME, Han L, Lee DSH et al. Antihyprttensive medications and serious injuriesin a national representative sample of older adults. JAMA Intern Med 2014; 174 (4): 588–95.
46. Фролова Е.В., Корыстина Е.М. Комплексная оценка состояния здоровья пожилого человека. Методические указания. СПб., 2013.
47. Fried LP et al. Untangling the concepts of disability, frailty, and comorbidity: implications for improved targeting and care. J Gerontol Med Sci2004; 59 (3): 255–63.
48. Ferrucci L et al. Designing randomized, controlled trials aimed at preventing or delaying functional decline and disability in trail, older persons: A consensus report. J Am Geriatr Soc 2004; 52: 625–34.
49. Tinetti ME. Performance-oriented assessment of mobility problems in elderly patients. J Am Geriatr Soc 1986; 34: 119–26.
50. Berg KO, Wood-Dauphinese SL, Wiliams JI et al. Measuring Balance in the elderly: Validation of insntrument. Arch Phis Med Rehabil 2004; 85 (7): 1128–35.
51. Oliver D, Connelly JB, Victor CR et al. Strategies to prevent falls and fractures in hospitals and care homes and effect of cognitive impairment: systematic review and meta-analyses. BMJ 2007; 334: 82.
52. Lord SR, Sherrington C, Menz HB. Falls in older people: risk factors and strategies for prevention. Cambridge University Press, 2000.
53. Close J et al. Prevention of falls in the elderly trial (PROFET): a randomized controlled trial. Lancet 1999; 353: 93–7.
54. Campbell AJ et al. Psychotropic medication withdrawal and a home-based exercise program to prevent falls: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Geriatr Soc1999; 47: 775–83.
55. Jackson C, Gaugris S, Sen SS et al. The effect of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) on the risk of fall and fracture: a meta-analysis. Q J Med 2007; 100: 185–92.
56. Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Orav EJ, Dawson-Hughes B. Additive benefit of higher testosterone levels and vitamin D plus calcium supplementation in regard to fall risk reduction among older men and women. Osteoporos Int 2008; 19: 1307–14.
57. Tinetti ME, Baker DI, McAvay G et al. A multifactorial intervention to reduce the risk of falling among elderly people living in the community. N Engl J Med 1994; 331 (13): 821–7.
58. Haumschild MJ, Karfonta TL, Haumschild MS et al. Clinical and economic outcomes of fall-focused pharmaceutical intervention program. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2003; 60: 1029–32.
59. Campbell AJ, Robertson MC, Gardner MM et al. Psychotropic medication withdrawal and home-based exercise program to prevent falls: A randomized controlled trial. J Am Geriatr Soc 1999; 47: 850–3.
60. Alsop K, Mac Mahon M. Withdrawing cardiovascular medications at a syncope clinic. Postgrad Med J 2001; 77: 403–5.
61. Lindenbaum L, Rosenberg IH, Wilson PWF et al. Prevalence of cobalamin deficiency in the Framingham elderly population. Am J Clin Nutr 1994; 60: 2–11.
62. Dhesi JK, Moniz C, Close JCT et al. A rationale for vitamin D prescription in a falls clinic population. Age Ageing 2002; 31: 267–71.
63. Lang T, Streeper T, Cawthon P et al. Sarcopenia: etiology, clinical consequences, intervention, and assessment. J Osteoporos Int 2009; epub ahead of printing.
64. Borst SE. Iterventions for sarcopenia and muscle weakness in older people. Age Ageing 2004; 33: 548–55.
65. Wang C, Swerdloff RS, Iranmanesh A et al. Transdermal testosterone gel improves sexual function, mood, muscle strength, and body composition parameters in hypogonadal man. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85: 2839–53.
66. Jackson C, Gaugris S, Sen SS et al. The effect of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) on the risk of fall and fracture: a meta-analysis. Q J Med 2007; 100: 185–92.
67. Richy F, Dukas L, Schacht E. Differential effects of D–Hormone analogs and native vitamin D on the risk of falls: a comparative meta-analysis. Calcific Tissue Int 2008; epub ahead of print.
68. Dukas L, Schacht E, Mazor Z et al. Treatment with alfacalcidol in elderly people significantly decreases the high risk of falls associated with a low creatinine clearance of <65 ml/min. Osteoporos Int 2005; 16: 198–203.
Авторы
И.А.Скрипникова
ФГБУ Государственный научно-исследовательский центр профилактической медицины Минздрава России, Москва
ФГБУ Государственный научно-исследовательский центр профилактической медицины Минздрава России, Москва
Цель портала OmniDoctor – предоставление профессиональной информации врачам, провизорам и фармацевтам.
