1. Bourke J, Coulson I, English J. Guidelines for care of contact dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 2001; 145: 877–85.
2. Thyssen JP, Linneberg A, Menné T, Johansen JD. The epidemiology of contact allergy in the general population – prevalence and main findings. Contact Dermatitis 2007; 57 (5): 287–99.
3. Tammela M, Lindberg M, Issaksson M et al. Patch testing with own cosmetics – prospective study of testing and reporting of adverse effects to the Swedish Medical Products Agency. Contact Dermatitis 2012; 67: 42–6.
4. Krob HA, Fleischer AB, D’Agostino R et al. Prevalence and relevance of contact dermatitis allergens: a meta-analysis of 15 years of published T.R.U.E. test data. J Am Acad Dermatol 2004; 51: 349–53.
5. Mortz CG, Lauritsen JM, Bindslev-Jensen C, Andersen KE. Contact allergy and allergic contact dermatitis in adolescents: prevalence measures and associations: the Odense adolescence cohort study on atopic diseases and dermatitis (TOACS). Acta Derm Venereol 2002; 82 (5): 352–8.
6. Green CM, Holden CR, Gawkrodger DJ. Contact allergy to topical medicaments becomes more common with advancing age: an age-stratified study. Contact Dermatitis 2007; 56: 229–31.
7. Allen MH, Wakelin SH, Holloway D et al. Association of TNFα gene polymorphism at position -308 with susceptibility to irritant contact dermatitis. Immunogenetics 2000; 
51 (3): 201–5.
8. Uter W, Geier J, Pfahlberg A, Effendy I. The spectrum of contact allergy in elderly patients with and without lower leg dermatitis. Dermatology 2002; 204 (4): 266–72.
9. Schnuch A, Uter W, Reich K. Allergic contact dermatitis and atopic eczema. In: Ring J, Przybilla B, Ruzicka T (eds). Handbook of atopic eczema. Berlin: Springer, 2006; 
p. 178–201.
10. Novak N, Baurecht H, Schäfer T et al. Loss-of-function mutations in the filaggrin gene and allergic contact sensitization to nickel. J Invest Dermatol 2008; 128: 1430–5.
11. Hermann-Kunz E. Allergische Krankheiten in Deutschland Ergebnisse einer repräsentativen Studie. Bundesgesundheitsbl Gesundheitsforsch Gesundheitssch 2000; 
43 (6): 400–6.
12. Wedig JH, Maibach HI. Percutaneous penetration of dipyrithione in man: effect of skin color (race). J Am Acad Dermatol 1981; 
5 (4): 433–8.
13. Reed JT, Ghadially R, Elias PM. Skin type, but neither race nor gender, influence epidermal permeability barrier function. Arch Dermatol 1995; 131 (10): 1134–8.
14. Schnuch A, Westphal GA, Müller MM et al. Genotype and phenotype of 
N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) polymorphism in patients with contact allergy. Contact Dermatitis 1998; 38 (4): 209–11.
15. Westphal GA, Reich K, Schulz TG et al. 
N-acetyltransferase 1 and 2 polymorphisms in para-substituted arylamine-induced contact allergy. Br J Dermatol 2000; 142 (6): 1121–7.
16. Blömeke B, Brans R, Coenraads PJ et al. Para-Phenylenediamine and allergic sensitization: risk modification by N-acetyltransferase 1 and 2 genotypes. Br J Dermatol 2009; 161 (5): 1130–5.
17. Westphal GA, Schnuch A, Schulz TG et al. Homozygous gene deletions of the glutathione S-transferases M1 and T1 are associated with thimerosal sensitization. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2000; 73 (6): 384–8.
18. Wang BJ, Shiao JS, Chen CJ et al. Tumour necrotizing factor-α promoter and GST-T1 genotype predict skin allergy to chromate in cement workers in Taiwan. Contact Dermatitis 2007; 57 (5): 309–15.
19. Westphal GA, Schnuch A, Moessner R et al. Cytokine gene polymorphisms in allergic contact dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 2003; 48 (2): 93–8.
20. Reich K, Westphal G, König IR et al. Association of allergic contact dermatitis with a promoter polymorphism in the IL16 gene. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003; 112 (6): 1191–4.
21. Marks JJ, Elsner P, DeLeo VA. Allergy and ICD. Contact and Occupational Dermatology. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Mosby, 2002; p. 3–15.
22. Larsson-Stymne B, Widstrom L. Ear piercing: a cause of nickel allergy in schoolgirls. Contact Dermatitis 1985; 13: 289–93.
23. Pratt MD, Belsito DV, DeLeo VA. North American Contact Dermatitis Group patch-test results, 2001–2002 study period. Dermatitis 2004; 15: 176–83.
24. Lu LK, Warshaw EM, Dunnick CA. Prevention of nickel allergy: the case for regulation? Dermatol Clin 2009; 27: 155–61.
25. Thyssen JP, Linneberg A, Menné T et al. Contact allergy to allergens of the TRUE-test (panels 1 and 2) has decreased modestly in the general population. Br J Dermatol 2009; 161: 1124–9.
26. Jensen CS, Lisby S, Baadsgaard O et al. Decrease in nickel sensitization in a Danish schoolgirl population with ears pierced after implementation of a nickel-exposure regulation. Br J Dermatol 2002; 146 (4): 636–42.
27. Schnuch A, Wolter J, Geier J, Uter W. Nickel allergy is still frequent in young German females – probably because of insufficient protection from nickel-releasing objects. Contact Dermatitis 2011; 64 (3): 142–50.
28. Thyssen JP, Johansen JD, Zachariae C, Menné T. The outcome of dimethylglyoxime testing in a sample of cell phones in Denmark. Contact Dermatitis 2008; 59 (1): 38–42.
29. Adams RM, Maibach HI. A five-year study of cosmetic reactions. J Am Acad Dermatol 1985; 13: 1062–9.
30. Larsen WG. How to test for fragrance allergy. Cutis 2000; 65: 39–41.
31. De Groot AC, Van der Kley AM, Bruynzeel DP. Frequency of false-negative reactions to the fragrance mix. Contact Dermatitis 1993; 28: 139–40.
32. Thyssen JP, Uter W, Schnuch A et al. 10-year prevalence of contact allergy in the general population in Denmark estimated through the CE-DUR method. Contact Dermatitis 2007; 57 (4): 265–72.
33. Thyssen JP, White JM. Epidemiological data on consumer allergy to p-phenylenediamine. Contact Dermatitis 2008; 59: 327–43.
34. Gruvberger B, Bruze M. Contact allergens – what’s new? Preservatives. Clin Dermatol 1997; 15: 493–7.
35. Wantke F, Demmer CM, Gotz M, Jarisch R. Contact dermatitis from thimerosal. Contact Dermatitis 1994; 30: 115–7.
36. Schnuch A, Mildau G, Kratz EM, Uter W. Risk of sensitization to preservatives estimated on the basis of patch test data and exposure, according to a sample of 3541 leave-on products. Contact Dermatitis 2011; 65: 167–74.
37. Katz BE, Fisher AA. Bacitracin: a unique topical antibiotic sensitizer. J Am Acad Dermatol 1987; 17: 1016–24.
38. Comaish JS, Cunliffe WJ. Absorption of drugs from varicose ulcers: a cause of anaphylaxis. Br J Clin Pract 1967; 21: 97–8.
39. Guin JD, Phillips D. Erythroderma from systemic contact dermatitis: a complication of systemic gentamicin in a patient with contact allergy to neomycin. Cutis 1989; 43: 564–7.
40. Irvine C, Pugh CE, Hansen EJ, Rycroft RJG. Cement dermatitis in underground workers during construction of the Channel Tunnel. Occup Med 1994; 44 (1): 17–23.
41. European Parliament and Council Directive 2003/53/EC. Off J Eur Union L 2003; 178: 24–7.
42. Geier J, Krautheim A, Uter W et al. Occupational contact allergy in the building trade in Germany: influence of preventive measures and changing exposure. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2011; 84 (4): 403–11.
43. Thyssen JP, White JML. Epidemiological data on consumer allergy to 
p-phenylenediamine. Contact Dermatitis 2008; 59 (6): 327–43.
44. James WD, Rosenthal LE, Brancaccio RR, Marks JJ. American Academy of Dermatology Patch Testing Survey: use and effectiveness of this procedure. J Am Acad Dermatol 1992; 26: 991–4.
45. Marks JG, Belsito DV, DeLeo VA et al. North American Contact Dermatitis Group patch test results for the detection of delayed-type hypersensitivity to topical allergens. J Am Acad Dermatol 1998; 38: 911–8.
46. Lachapelle JM, Bruynzeel DP, Ducombs G. European multicenterstudy of the TRUE test. Contact Dermatitis 1988; 19: 91–7.
47. Barnes PJ. Molecular mechanisms of corticosteroids in allergic diseases. Allergy 2001; 56: 928–36.
48. Miller JA, Munro DD. Topical corticosteroids: clinical pharmacology and therapeutic use. Drugs 1980; 19: 119–34.
49. Abramowits W, Oquendo M. Hydrocortisone butyrate 0,1% cream (proprietary lipid rich cream vehicle) does not significantly suppress hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and is effective in pediatric patients 3 month and older with extensive atopic dermatitis. SKIN Med 2010; 8: 150–4.
50. Кочергин Н.Г., Петрунин Д.Д. Современный взгляд на проблему выбора лекарственной формы средств наружной терапии. Клин. дерматология и венерология. 2011; 6: 84–92.
51. Lorenzetti OJ. Propylene glycol gel vehicles. Cutis 1979; 23: 247.
52. Berbis P, Hesse S, Privat Y. Essential fatty acids and the skin. Allerg Immunol 1990; 
22 (6): 225–31.
53. Fowler JF, Fransway AF, Jackson JM, Rohowsky N. Hydrocortisone butyrate 0,1% cream in the treatment of chronic dermatitis. Cutis 2005; 75: 125–31.

________________________________________________

1. Bourke J, Coulson I, English J. Guidelines for care of contact dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 2001; 145: 877–85.
2. Thyssen JP, Linneberg A, Menné T, Johansen JD. The epidemiology of contact allergy in the general population – prevalence and main findings. Contact Dermatitis 2007; 57 (5): 287–99.
3. Tammela M, Lindberg M, Issaksson M et al. Patch testing with own cosmetics – prospective study of testing and reporting of adverse effects to the Swedish Medical Products Agency. Contact Dermatitis 2012; 67: 42–6.
4. Krob HA, Fleischer AB, D’Agostino R et al. Prevalence and relevance of contact dermatitis allergens: a meta-analysis of 15 years of published T.R.U.E. test data. J Am Acad Dermatol 2004; 51: 349–53.
5. Mortz CG, Lauritsen JM, Bindslev-Jensen C, Andersen KE. Contact allergy and allergic contact dermatitis in adolescents: prevalence measures and associations: the Odense adolescence cohort study on atopic diseases and dermatitis (TOACS). Acta Derm Venereol 2002; 82 (5): 352–8.
6. Green CM, Holden CR, Gawkrodger DJ. Contact allergy to topical medicaments becomes more common with advancing age: an age-stratified study. Contact Dermatitis 2007; 56: 229–31.
7. Allen MH, Wakelin SH, Holloway D et al. Association of TNFα gene polymorphism at position -308 with susceptibility to irritant contact dermatitis. Immunogenetics 2000; 
51 (3): 201–5.
8. Uter W, Geier J, Pfahlberg A, Effendy I. The spectrum of contact allergy in elderly patients with and without lower leg dermatitis. Dermatology 2002; 204 (4): 266–72.
9. Schnuch A, Uter W, Reich K. Allergic contact dermatitis and atopic eczema. In: Ring J, Przybilla B, Ruzicka T (eds). Handbook of atopic eczema. Berlin: Springer, 2006; 
p. 178–201.
10. Novak N, Baurecht H, Schäfer T et al. Loss-of-function mutations in the filaggrin gene and allergic contact sensitization to nickel. J Invest Dermatol 2008; 128: 1430–5.
11. Hermann-Kunz E. Allergische Krankheiten in Deutschland Ergebnisse einer repräsentativen Studie. Bundesgesundheitsbl Gesundheitsforsch Gesundheitssch 2000; 
43 (6): 400–6.
12. Wedig JH, Maibach HI. Percutaneous penetration of dipyrithione in man: effect of skin color (race). J Am Acad Dermatol 1981; 
5 (4): 433–8.
13. Reed JT, Ghadially R, Elias PM. Skin type, but neither race nor gender, influence epidermal permeability barrier function. Arch Dermatol 1995; 131 (10): 1134–8.
14. Schnuch A, Westphal GA, Müller MM et al. Genotype and phenotype of 
N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) polymorphism in patients with contact allergy. Contact Dermatitis 1998; 38 (4): 209–11.
15. Westphal GA, Reich K, Schulz TG et al. 
N-acetyltransferase 1 and 2 polymorphisms in para-substituted arylamine-induced contact allergy. Br J Dermatol 2000; 142 (6): 1121–7.
16. Blömeke B, Brans R, Coenraads PJ et al. Para-Phenylenediamine and allergic sensitization: risk modification by N-acetyltransferase 1 and 2 genotypes. Br J Dermatol 2009; 161 (5): 1130–5.
17. Westphal GA, Schnuch A, Schulz TG et al. Homozygous gene deletions of the glutathione S-transferases M1 and T1 are associated with thimerosal sensitization. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2000; 73 (6): 384–8.
18. Wang BJ, Shiao JS, Chen CJ et al. Tumour necrotizing factor-α promoter and GST-T1 genotype predict skin allergy to chromate in cement workers in Taiwan. Contact Dermatitis 2007; 57 (5): 309–15.
19. Westphal GA, Schnuch A, Moessner R et al. Cytokine gene polymorphisms in allergic contact dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 2003; 48 (2): 93–8.
20. Reich K, Westphal G, König IR et al. Association of allergic contact dermatitis with a promoter polymorphism in the IL16 gene. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003; 112 (6): 1191–4.
21. Marks JJ, Elsner P, DeLeo VA. Allergy and ICD. Contact and Occupational Dermatology. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Mosby, 2002; p. 3–15.
22. Larsson-Stymne B, Widstrom L. Ear piercing: a cause of nickel allergy in schoolgirls. Contact Dermatitis 1985; 13: 289–93.
23. Pratt MD, Belsito DV, DeLeo VA. North American Contact Dermatitis Group patch-test results, 2001–2002 study period. Dermatitis 2004; 15: 176–83.
24. Lu LK, Warshaw EM, Dunnick CA. Prevention of nickel allergy: the case for regulation? Dermatol Clin 2009; 27: 155–61.
25. Thyssen JP, Linneberg A, Menné T et al. Contact allergy to allergens of the TRUE-test (panels 1 and 2) has decreased modestly in the general population. Br J Dermatol 2009; 161: 1124–9.
26. Jensen CS, Lisby S, Baadsgaard O et al. Decrease in nickel sensitization in a Danish schoolgirl population with ears pierced after implementation of a nickel-exposure regulation. Br J Dermatol 2002; 146 (4): 636–42.
27. Schnuch A, Wolter J, Geier J, Uter W. Nickel allergy is still frequent in young German females – probably because of insufficient protection from nickel-releasing objects. Contact Dermatitis 2011; 64 (3): 142–50.
28. Thyssen JP, Johansen JD, Zachariae C, Menné T. The outcome of dimethylglyoxime testing in a sample of cell phones in Denmark. Contact Dermatitis 2008; 59 (1): 38–42.
29. Adams RM, Maibach HI. A five-year study of cosmetic reactions. J Am Acad Dermatol 1985; 13: 1062–9.
30. Larsen WG. How to test for fragrance allergy. Cutis 2000; 65: 39–41.
31. De Groot AC, Van der Kley AM, Bruynzeel DP. Frequency of false-negative reactions to the fragrance mix. Contact Dermatitis 1993; 28: 139–40.
32. Thyssen JP, Uter W, Schnuch A et al. 10-year prevalence of contact allergy in the general population in Denmark estimated through the CE-DUR method. Contact Dermatitis 2007; 57 (4): 265–72.
33. Thyssen JP, White JM. Epidemiological data on consumer allergy to p-phenylenediamine. Contact Dermatitis 2008; 59: 327–43.
34. Gruvberger B, Bruze M. Contact allergens – what’s new? Preservatives. Clin Dermatol 1997; 15: 493–7.
35. Wantke F, Demmer CM, Gotz M, Jarisch R. Contact dermatitis from thimerosal. Contact Dermatitis 1994; 30: 115–7.
36. Schnuch A, Mildau G, Kratz EM, Uter W. Risk of sensitization to preservatives estimated on the basis of patch test data and exposure, according to a sample of 3541 leave-on products. Contact Dermatitis 2011; 65: 167–74.
37. Katz BE, Fisher AA. Bacitracin: a unique topical antibiotic sensitizer. J Am Acad Dermatol 1987; 17: 1016–24.
38. Comaish JS, Cunliffe WJ. Absorption of drugs from varicose ulcers: a cause of anaphylaxis. Br J Clin Pract 1967; 21: 97–8.
39. Guin JD, Phillips D. Erythroderma from systemic contact dermatitis: a complication of systemic gentamicin in a patient with contact allergy to neomycin. Cutis 1989; 43: 564–7.
40. Irvine C, Pugh CE, Hansen EJ, Rycroft RJG. Cement dermatitis in underground workers during construction of the Channel Tunnel. Occup Med 1994; 44 (1): 17–23.
41. European Parliament and Council Directive 2003/53/EC. Off J Eur Union L 2003; 178: 24–7.
42. Geier J, Krautheim A, Uter W et al. Occupational contact allergy in the building trade in Germany: influence of preventive measures and changing exposure. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2011; 84 (4): 403–11.
43. Thyssen JP, White JML. Epidemiological data on consumer allergy to 
p-phenylenediamine. Contact Dermatitis 2008; 59 (6): 327–43.
44. James WD, Rosenthal LE, Brancaccio RR, Marks JJ. American Academy of Dermatology Patch Testing Survey: use and effectiveness of this procedure. J Am Acad Dermatol 1992; 26: 991–4.
45. Marks JG, Belsito DV, DeLeo VA et al. North American Contact Dermatitis Group patch test results for the detection of delayed-type hypersensitivity to topical allergens. J Am Acad Dermatol 1998; 38: 911–8.
46. Lachapelle JM, Bruynzeel DP, Ducombs G. European multicenterstudy of the TRUE test. Contact Dermatitis 1988; 19: 91–7.
47. Barnes PJ. Molecular mechanisms of corticosteroids in allergic diseases. Allergy 2001; 56: 928–36.
48. Miller JA, Munro DD. Topical corticosteroids: clinical pharmacology and therapeutic use. Drugs 1980; 19: 119–34.
49. Abramowits W, Oquendo M. Hydrocortisone butyrate 0,1% cream (proprietary lipid rich cream vehicle) does not significantly suppress hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and is effective in pediatric patients 3 month and older with extensive atopic dermatitis. SKIN Med 2010; 8: 150–4.
50. Кочергин Н.Г., Петрунин Д.Д. Современный взгляд на проблему выбора лекарственной формы средств наружной терапии. Клин. дерматология и венерология. 2011; 6: 84–92.
51. Lorenzetti OJ. Propylene glycol gel vehicles. Cutis 1979; 23: 247.
52. Berbis P, Hesse S, Privat Y. Essential fatty acids and the skin. Allerg Immunol 1990; 
22 (6): 225–31.
53. Fowler JF, Fransway AF, Jackson JM, Rohowsky N. Hydrocortisone butyrate 0,1% cream in the treatment of chronic dermatitis. Cutis 2005; 75: 125–31.

А.Н.Хлебникова, О.В.Дорохина, И.В.Моисеева
ГБОУ ВПО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М.Сеченова Минздрава России; 
ГАУЗ МО Мытищинский кожно-венерологический диспансер