Терапия статинами и риск развития сахарного диабета: дискуссия продолжается

1. ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias. Eur Heart J 2011; 32: 1769–818.
2. Диагностика и коррекция нарушений липидного обмена с целью профилактики и лечения атеросклероза. Российские рекомендации, V пересмотр. Рос. кардиол. журн. (Прил. I). 2012; 4 (96): 1–32. / Diagnostika i korrektsiia narushenii lipidnogo obmena s tsel'iu profilaktiki i lecheniia ateroskleroza. Rossiiskie rekomendatsii, V peresmotr. Ros. kardiol. zhurn. (Pril. I). 2012; 4 (96): 1–32. [in Russian]
3. Stone NJ, Robinson J, Lichtenstein AH et al. 2013 ACC/AHA Guideline on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines [e-pub ahead of print]. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10/1016/j.jacc 2-13.11.002. 
4. Baigent C, Keech A, Kearney PM et al. Efficacy and safety of cholesterol-lowering treatment: prospective meta-analysis of data from 90,056 participants in 14 randomised trials of statins. Lancet 2005; 366: 1267–78.
5. Baigent C, Blackwell L, Emberson J et al. Cholesterol Treatment Trialists (CTT) Collaboration. Efficacy and safety of more intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol: a meta-analysis of data from 170,000 participants in 26 randomised trials. Lancet 2010; 376: 1670–81.
6. Mills EJ, Wu P, Chong G et al. Efficacy and safety of statin treatment for cardiovascular disease: a network meta-analysis of 170,255 patients from 76 randomized trials. QJM 2011; 104: 109–24.
7. European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (version 2012): The Fifth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (constituted by representatives of nine societies and by invited experts). Developed with the special contribution of the European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation (EACPR). Eur J Prev Cardiol 2012; 19 (4): 585–667.
8. Davidson M. HDL-C and CETP inhibition: will this define the FUTURE? Curr Treatment Opin Cardiovasc Med 2012; 14: 384–90.
9. Shepherd J, Blauw GJ, Murphy MB et al. Pravastatin in elderly individuals at risk of vascular disease (PROSPER): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2002; 360: 1623–30.
10. Ridker PM, Danielson E, Fonseca FA et al. Rosuvastatin to prevent vascular events in men and women with elevated C-reactive protein. N Engl J Med 2008; 359: 2195–207.
11. Rajpathak SN, Kumbhani DJ, Crandall J et al. Statin therapy and developing type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis. Diabetes Care 2009; 32 (10): 1924–9.
12. Sattar N, Preiss D, Murray HM et al. Statin and risk of incident diabetes: a collaborative meta-analysis of randomized statin trials. Lancet 2010; 375: 735–42.
13. Preiss D, Seshasai SR, Welsh P et al. Risk of incident diabetes with intensive-dose compared with moderate-dose statin therapy: a meta-analysis. JAMA 2011; 305: 2556–64.
14. Mora S, Glynn RJ, Hsia J et al. Statins for the primary prevention of cardiovascular events in women with elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein or dyslipidemia: results from the Justification for the Use of Statins in Prevention: An Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin (JUPITER) and meta-analysis of women from primary prevention trials. Circulation 2010; 121: 1069–77.
15. Culver AL, Ockene IS, Balasubramanian R et al. Statin use and risk of diabetes mellitus in postmenopausal women in the Women’s Health Initiative. Arch Intern Med 2012; 172: 144–52.
16. Cai R, Yuan Y, Zhou Y et al. Lower intensified target LDL-C level of statin therapy results in a higher risk of incident diabetes: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9 (8): e104922. doi: 10.1371/jornal.pone.0104922.
17. Chen C-W, Chen T-C, Huang K-Y et al. Differential impact of statin on new-onset diabetes in different age groups: a population-based case-control study in women from an Asian country. PLoS One 2013; 8 (8): e71817. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0071817.
18. Waters DD, Ho JE, DeMicco DA et al. Predictors of new-onset diabetes in patients treated with atorvastatin: results from 3 large randomized clinical trials. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011; 57: 1535–45.
19. Zaharan NL, Williams D, Bennet K. Statins and risk of treated incident diabetes in a primary care population. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2012; 75 (4): 1118–24.
20. Dortmuth CR, Filion KB, Paterson JM et al. Higher potency statins and the risk of new diabetes: multicentre, observational study of administrarive databases. BMJ 2014; 348. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g3244. 
21. Macedo AF, Douglas I, Smeeth L et al. Statins and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: cohort study using the UK clinical practice pesearch datalink. See comment in PubMed. Commons below BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2014; 14: 85. doi: 10.1186/1471-2261-14-85.
22. Shen L, Shah BR, Reyes EM et al. Role of diuretics, β blockers, and statins in increasing the risk of diabetes in patients with impaired glucose tolerance: reanalysis of data from the NAVIGATOR study. BMJ 2013; 347: f6745. doi:10.1136/bmj.f6745.
23. Ko DT, Wijeysundera HC, Jackevicius CA et al. Diabetes and cardiovascular events in older myocardial infarction patients prescribed intensive-dose and moderate-dose statins. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2013; 6: 315–22. doi: 10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.111.000015.
24. Wang KL, Liu CJ, Chao TF et al. Statins, risk of diabetes, and implications on outcomes in general population. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012; 60: 1231–8.
25. Waters DD, Ho JE, Boekholdt SM et al. Cardiovascular event reduction versus new-onset diabetes during atorvastatin therapy: effect of baseline risk factors for diabetes. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013; 61: 148–52.
26. Orozco IJ, Buchleitner AM, Gimenez Perez G et al. Exercise or exercise and diet for preventing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008; 3. CD003054. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003054.pub3.
27. Cardona-Morrell M, Rychetnik L, Morrell SL et al. Reduction of diabetes risk in routine clinical practice: are physical activity and nutrition interventions feasible and are the outcomes from reference trials replicable? A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 2010;10: 653.doi:10.1186/1471-2458-10-653.
28. Cederberg H, Stančáková A, Yaluri N et al. Increased risk of diabetes with statin treatment is associated with impaired insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion: a 6 year follow-up study of the METSIM cohort. Diabetologia 2015; 58: 1109–17. doi 10.1007/s00125-015-3528-5.
29. Corrao G, Ibrahim B, Nicotra F et al. Statins and the risk of diabetes: evidence from a large population-based cohort study. Diabetes Care 2014; 37: 2225–32.
30. Mansi I, Frei CR, Wang CP, Mortensen EM. Statins and new-onset diabetes mellitus and diabetic complications: a retrospective cohort study of US healthy adults. J Gen Intern Med 2015; 30 (11): 1599–610.
31. Mancia G, Grassi G, Zanchetti A. New-onset diabetes and antihypertensive drugs. J Hypertens 2006; 24: 3–10.
32. Nielsen SF, Nordestgaard BG. Statin use before diabetes diagnosis and risk of microvascular disease: a nationwide nested matched study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2014; 2: 894–900.
33. O’Keefe JH, Di Nicolantonio JJ, Carl J Lavie CJ, Bell DSH. The Influence of Statins on Glucose Tolerance and Incipient Diabetes. US Endocrinology 2014; 10 (1): 68–74. doi: 10.17925/USE.2014.10.01.68.
34. FDA Drug Safety Communication. Important safety label changes to cholesterol lowering statin drugs. 2012. Available from URL: http: //www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm293101.htm.
35. Maki KC, Ridker PM, Brown WV et al. An assessment by the Statin Diabetes Safety Task Force: 2014 update. J of Clinic Lipidol 2014; 8: S17–S29.
36. Sukhija R, Prayaga S, Marashdeh M et al. Effect of statins on fasting plasma glucose in diabetic and nondiabetic patients. J Investig Med 2009; 57: 495–9.
37. Кошельская О.А., Сушкова А.С., Суслова Т.Е. и др. Длительная терапия аторвастатином у больных ишемической болезнью сердца и сахарным диабетом: влияние на гликемию и локальную сосудистую жесткость. Сердце: журнал для практикующих врачей. 2013; 12 (4): 223–9. / Koshel'skaia O.A., Sushkova A.S., Suslova T.E. i dr. Dlitel'naia terapiia atorvastatinom u bol'nykh ishemicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa i sakharnym diabetom: vliianie na glikemiiu i lokal'nuiu sosudistuiu zhestkost'. Serdtse: zhurnal dlia praktikuiushchikh vrachei. 2013; 12 (4): 223–9. [in Russian]
38. Nakata M, Nagasaka S, Kusaka I et al. Effects of statins on the adipocite maturation and expression of glucose transporter 4 (SLC2A4): implications in glycemic control. Diabetologia 2006; 49: 1881–92.
39. Kanda M, Satoh K, Ichihara K. Effects of atorvastatin and pravastatin on glucose tolerance in diabetic rats mildly induced by streptozocin. Biol Pharm Bull 2003; 26: 1681–84.
40. Abel ED, Peroni O, Kim JK et al. Adipose-selective targening of the GLUT4 gene impairs insulin action in muscle and liver. Nature 2001; 409: 729–33.
41. Nakata M, Uto N, Maruyama I, Yada T. Nitric oxide induces apoptosis via Ca2+-dependent processes in the pancreatic beta-cell line MIN6. Cell Struct Funct 1999; 24: 451–5.
42. Yada T, Nakata M, Shiraishi T, Kakei M. Inhibition by simvastatin, but not pravastatin, of glucose-induced cytosolic Ca2+ signaling and insulin secretion due to blockade of L-type Ca2+ channels in rat islet beta-cells. Br J Pharmacol 1999; 126: 1205-13.
43. Navarese EP, Buffon A, Andreotti F et al. Meta-analysis of impact of different types and doses of statins on new-onset diabetes mellitus. Am J Cardiol 2013; 111: 1123–30.
44. Kawai Y, Sato-Ishida R, Motoyama A, Kajinami K. Place of pitavastatin in the statin armamentarium: promising evidence for a role in diabetes mellitus. Drug Des Devel Ther 2011; 5: 283–97.
45. Carter AA, Gomes T, Camacho X et al. Risk of incident diabetes among patients treated with statins: population based study. BMJ 2013; 346: f2610.
46. Zhou Y, Yuan Y, Cai RR et al. Statin therapy on glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis. Exp Opin Pharmacother 2013; 14: 1575–84.
47. Sabatine MS, Wiviott SD, Morrow DA et al. High-dose atorvastatin associated with worse glycemic control: PROVE-IT TIMI-22 substudy (Abstract). Circulation 2004; 110: S834.
48. Sever PS, Dahlöf B, Poulter NR et al. Prevention of coronary and stroke events with atorvastatin in hypertensive patients who have average or lower-than-average cholesterol concentrations, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Lipid Lowering Arm (ASCOT-LLA): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2003; 361: 1149–58.
49. Colhoun HM, Betteridge DJ, Durrington PN et al. CARDS investigators. Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with atorvastatin in type 2 diabetes in the Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study (CARDS): multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2004; 364: 685–96.
50. Takano T, Yamakawa T, Takahashi M et al. Influences of statins on glucose tolerance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Atheroscler Thromb 2006; 13: 95–100.
51. Ogawa H, Matsui K, Saito Y et al. Differences between rosuvastatin and atorvastatin in lipid-lowering action and effect on glucose metabolism in Japanese hypercholesterolemic patients with concurrent diabetes. Lipid-lowering with highly potent statins in hyperlipidemia with type 2 diabetes patients (LISTEN) study. Circ J 2014; 78 (10): 2512–15.
52. Collins R, Armitage J, Parish S et al. MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol-lowering with simvastatin in 5963 people with diabetes: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2003; 361: 2005–16.
53. Study of the effectiveness of additional reductions in cholesterol and homocysteine (SEARCH) Collaborative group. Intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol with 80 mg versus 20 mg simvastatin daily in 12,064 survivors of myocardial infarction: a double-blind randomised trial. Lancet 2010; 376: 1658–69.
54. Koh KK, Quon MJ, Han SH et al. Differential metabolic effects of pravastatin and simvastatin in hypercholesterolemic patients. Atherosclerosis 2009; 204: 483–90.
55. Baker WL, Talati R, Coleman CI. Differing effect of statins on insulin sensitivity in non-diabetics: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2010; 87 (1): 98–107.
56. Ishikawa M, Namiki A, Kubota T et al. Effect of pravastatin and atorvastatin on glucose metabolism in nondiabetic patients with hypercholesterolemia. Inter Med 2006; 45: 51–5.
57. Freeman DJ, Norrie J, Sattar N et al. Pravastatin and the development of diabetes mellitus: evidence for a protective treatment effect in the West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study. Circulation 2001; 103: 357–62.
58. Shepherd J, Blauw GJ, Murphy MB et al. Pravastatin in elderly individuals at risk of vascular disease (PROSPER): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2002; 360: 1623–30.
59. Lamendola C, Abbasi F, Chu JW et al. Comparative effects of rosuvastatin and gemfibrozil on glucose, insulin, and lipid metabolism in insulin-resistant, nondiabetic patients with combined dyslipidemia. Am J Cardiol 2005; 95: 189–93.
60. Anagnostis P, Selalmatzidou D, Polyzos SA et al.  Comparative effects of rosuvastatin and atorvastatin on glucose metabolism and adipokine levels in non-diabetic patients with dislipidemia: a prospective randomized open-label study. Int J Clin Pract 2011; 65: 679–83.
61. Ma T, Tien L, Fang CL, Liou YS, Jong GP. Statins and new-onset diabetes: a retrospective longitudinal cohort study. Clin Ther 2012; 34 (9): 1977–83.
62. Кошельская О.А., Винницкая И.В., Конько Т.Ю. и др. Сравнительное рандомизированное исследование по оценке влияния длительной терапии розувастатином в сочетании с комбинацией аторвастатина и эзетимиба на показатели углеводного обмена и уровень адипокинов у больных ишемической болезнью сердца и сахарным диабетом. Кардиология. 2015; 3 (55): 39–46. / Koshel'skaia O.A., Vinnitskaia I.V., Kon'ko T.Iu. i dr. Sravnitel'noe randomizirovannoe issledovanie po otsenke vliianiia dlitel'noi terapii rozuvastatinom v sochetanii s kombinatsiei atorvastatina i ezetimiba na pokazateli uglevodnogo obmena i uroven' adipokinov u bol'nykh ishemicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa i sakharnym diabetom. Kardiologiia. 2015; 3 (55): 39–46. [in Russian]
63. Mäuser W, Perwitz N, Meier B et al. Direct adipotropic actions of atorvastatin: differentiation state-dependent induction of apoptosis, modulation of endocrine function, and inhibition of glucose uptake. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 564 (1–3): 37–46.
64. Sasaki J, Iwashita M, Kono SJ. Statins: beneficial or adverse for glucose metabolism. Atheroscler Throm 2006; 13: 123–9.
65. Schachter M. Chemical, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of statins: an update. Fund Clin Pharmacol 2004; 19: 117–25.
66. Djousse L, Gaziano JM, Buring JE, Lee I-M. Dietary omega-3 fatty acids and fish consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes. Am J Clin Nutr 2011; 93: 143–50.
67. Flory JH, Ellenberg S, Szapary PO et al. Antidiabetic action of bezafibrate in a large observational database. Diabetes Care 2009; 32: 547–51.
68. Deushi M, Nomura M, Kawakami A. Ezetimibe improves liver steatosis and insulin resistance in obese rat model of metabolic syndrome. FEBS Lett 2007; 581: 5664–70.
69. Yagi S, Akaike M, Aihara K et al. Ezetimibe ameliorates metabolic disorders and microalbuminuria in patients with hypercholesterolemia. J Atheroscler Thromb 2010; 17: 173–80.
70. Moutzouri E, Liberopoulos E, Mikhailidis DP et al. Comparison of the effects of simvastatin vs. rosuvastatin vs. simvastatin/ezetimibe on parameters of insulin resistance. Int Clin Pract 2011; 65 (11): 1141–8.
71. Du Broff RJ. The statin diabetes conundrum: short-term gain, long-term risk or inconvenient truth? Evid Based Med 2015: 20 (4): 121–3.
72. Kearney P, Blackwell L, Collins R et al. Cholesterol Treatment Trialists’ (CTT) Collaborators. Efficacy of cholesterol-lowering therapy in 18686 people with diabetes in 14 randomised trials of statins: a meta-analysis. Lancet 2008; 371: 117–25.
73. Sheng X, Murphy M, Macdonald T, Wei L. Effect of statins on total cholesterol concentrations and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with diabetes mellitus: a population-based cohort study. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2012; 68: 1201–8.
74. de Lorgeril M, Hamazaki T, Kostucki W et al. Is the use of cholesterol-lowering drugs for the prevention of cardiovascular complications in type 2 diabetics evidence-based? A systematic review. Rev Recent Clin Trials 2012; 7: 150–7.
75. Liew SM, Lee PY, Hanafi NS et al. Statins use is associated with poorer glycemic control in a cohort of hypertensive patients with diabetes and without diabetes. Diabetology Matabol Syndrome 2014; 6: 53. doi:10.1186/1758-5996-6-53.
76. Swerdlow DI, Preiss D, Kuchenbaecker KB et al. HMG-coenzyme A reductase inhibition, type 2 diabetes, and bodyweight: evidence from genetic analysis and randomised trials. Lancet 2014; S0140-6736(14)61183-1.
77. Besseling J, Kastelein JJP, Defesche JC et al. Association between familial hypercholesterolemia and prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. JAMA 2015; 313 (10): 1029–36. doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.1206.
78. Estruch R, Ros E, Salas-Salvadó J et al. Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease with a Mediterranean Diet. N Engl J Med 2013; 368: 1279–90.
79. Salas-Salvadó J, Bullo M, Babio N et al. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with the mediterranean diet. Results of the PREDIMED-Reus nutrition intervention randomized trial. Diabetes Care 2011; 34 (1): 14–9.
80. Jahangir E, Fazio S, Sampson UKA. Incident diabetes and statins: the blemish of an undisputed heavy weight champion? Br J Clin Pharmacol 2012; 75 (4): 955–8.
81. Chogtu B, Magazine R, Bairy KL. Statin use and risk of diabetes mellitus. World J Diabetes 2015; 6 (2): 352–7.

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1. ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias. Eur Heart J 2011; 32: 1769–818.
2. Diagnostika i korrektsiia narushenii lipidnogo obmena s tsel'iu profilaktiki i lecheniia ateroskleroza. Rossiiskie rekomendatsii, V peresmotr. Ros. kardiol. zhurn. (Pril. I). 2012; 4 (96): 1–32. [in Russian]
3. Stone NJ, Robinson J, Lichtenstein AH et al. 2013 ACC/AHA Guideline on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines [e-pub ahead of print]. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10/1016/j.jacc 2-13.11.002. 
4. Baigent C, Keech A, Kearney PM et al. Efficacy and safety of cholesterol-lowering treatment: prospective meta-analysis of data from 90,056 participants in 14 randomised trials of statins. Lancet 2005; 366: 1267–78.
5. Baigent C, Blackwell L, Emberson J et al. Cholesterol Treatment Trialists (CTT) Collaboration. Efficacy and safety of more intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol: a meta-analysis of data from 170,000 participants in 26 randomised trials. Lancet 2010; 376: 1670–81.
6. Mills EJ, Wu P, Chong G et al. Efficacy and safety of statin treatment for cardiovascular disease: a network meta-analysis of 170,255 patients from 76 randomized trials. QJM 2011; 104: 109–24.
7. European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (version 2012): The Fifth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (constituted by representatives of nine societies and by invited experts). Developed with the special contribution of the European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation (EACPR). Eur J Prev Cardiol 2012; 19 (4): 585–667.
8. Davidson M. HDL-C and CETP inhibition: will this define the FUTURE? Curr Treatment Opin Cardiovasc Med 2012; 14: 384–90.
9. Shepherd J, Blauw GJ, Murphy MB et al. Pravastatin in elderly individuals at risk of vascular disease (PROSPER): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2002; 360: 1623–30.
10. Ridker PM, Danielson E, Fonseca FA et al. Rosuvastatin to prevent vascular events in men and women with elevated C-reactive protein. N Engl J Med 2008; 359: 2195–207.
11. Rajpathak SN, Kumbhani DJ, Crandall J et al. Statin therapy and developing type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis. Diabetes Care 2009; 32 (10): 1924–9.
12. Sattar N, Preiss D, Murray HM et al. Statin and risk of incident diabetes: a collaborative meta-analysis of randomized statin trials. Lancet 2010; 375: 735–42.
13. Preiss D, Seshasai SR, Welsh P et al. Risk of incident diabetes with intensive-dose compared with moderate-dose statin therapy: a meta-analysis. JAMA 2011; 305: 2556–64.
14. Mora S, Glynn RJ, Hsia J et al. Statins for the primary prevention of cardiovascular events in women with elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein or dyslipidemia: results from the Justification for the Use of Statins in Prevention: An Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin (JUPITER) and meta-analysis of women from primary prevention trials. Circulation 2010; 121: 1069–77.
15. Culver AL, Ockene IS, Balasubramanian R et al. Statin use and risk of diabetes mellitus in postmenopausal women in the Women’s Health Initiative. Arch Intern Med 2012; 172: 144–52.
16. Cai R, Yuan Y, Zhou Y et al. Lower intensified target LDL-C level of statin therapy results in a higher risk of incident diabetes: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9 (8): e104922. doi: 10.1371/jornal.pone.0104922.
17. Chen C-W, Chen T-C, Huang K-Y et al. Differential impact of statin on new-onset diabetes in different age groups: a population-based case-control study in women from an Asian country. PLoS One 2013; 8 (8): e71817. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0071817.
18. Waters DD, Ho JE, DeMicco DA et al. Predictors of new-onset diabetes in patients treated with atorvastatin: results from 3 large randomized clinical trials. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011; 57: 1535–45.
19. Zaharan NL, Williams D, Bennet K. Statins and risk of treated incident diabetes in a primary care population. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2012; 75 (4): 1118–24.
20. Dortmuth CR, Filion KB, Paterson JM et al. Higher potency statins and the risk of new diabetes: multicentre, observational study of administrarive databases. BMJ 2014; 348. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g3244. 
21. Macedo AF, Douglas I, Smeeth L et al. Statins and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: cohort study using the UK clinical practice pesearch datalink. See comment in PubMed. Commons below BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2014; 14: 85. doi: 10.1186/1471-2261-14-85.
22. Shen L, Shah BR, Reyes EM et al. Role of diuretics, β blockers, and statins in increasing the risk of diabetes in patients with impaired glucose tolerance: reanalysis of data from the NAVIGATOR study. BMJ 2013; 347: f6745. doi:10.1136/bmj.f6745.
23. Ko DT, Wijeysundera HC, Jackevicius CA et al. Diabetes and cardiovascular events in older myocardial infarction patients prescribed intensive-dose and moderate-dose statins. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2013; 6: 315–22. doi: 10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.111.000015.
24. Wang KL, Liu CJ, Chao TF et al. Statins, risk of diabetes, and implications on outcomes in general population. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012; 60: 1231–8.
25. Waters DD, Ho JE, Boekholdt SM et al. Cardiovascular event reduction versus new-onset diabetes during atorvastatin therapy: effect of baseline risk factors for diabetes. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013; 61: 148–52.
26. Orozco IJ, Buchleitner AM, Gimenez Perez G et al. Exercise or exercise and diet for preventing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008; 3. CD003054. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003054.pub3.
27. Cardona-Morrell M, Rychetnik L, Morrell SL et al. Reduction of diabetes risk in routine clinical practice: are physical activity and nutrition interventions feasible and are the outcomes from reference trials replicable? A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 2010;10: 653.doi:10.1186/1471-2458-10-653.
28. Cederberg H, Stančáková A, Yaluri N et al. Increased risk of diabetes with statin treatment is associated with impaired insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion: a 6 year follow-up study of the METSIM cohort. Diabetologia 2015; 58: 1109–17. doi 10.1007/s00125-015-3528-5.
29. Corrao G, Ibrahim B, Nicotra F et al. Statins and the risk of diabetes: evidence from a large population-based cohort study. Diabetes Care 2014; 37: 2225–32.
30. Mansi I, Frei CR, Wang CP, Mortensen EM. Statins and new-onset diabetes mellitus and diabetic complications: a retrospective cohort study of US healthy adults. J Gen Intern Med 2015; 30 (11): 1599–610.
31. Mancia G, Grassi G, Zanchetti A. New-onset diabetes and antihypertensive drugs. J Hypertens 2006; 24: 3–10.
32. Nielsen SF, Nordestgaard BG. Statin use before diabetes diagnosis and risk of microvascular disease: a nationwide nested matched study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2014; 2: 894–900.
33. O’Keefe JH, Di Nicolantonio JJ, Carl J Lavie CJ, Bell DSH. The Influence of Statins on Glucose Tolerance and Incipient Diabetes. US Endocrinology 2014; 10 (1): 68–74. doi: 10.17925/USE.2014.10.01.68.
34. FDA Drug Safety Communication. Important safety label changes to cholesterol lowering statin drugs. 2012. Available from URL: http: //www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm293101.htm.
35. Maki KC, Ridker PM, Brown WV et al. An assessment by the Statin Diabetes Safety Task Force: 2014 update. J of Clinic Lipidol 2014; 8: S17–S29.
36. Sukhija R, Prayaga S, Marashdeh M et al. Effect of statins on fasting plasma glucose in diabetic and nondiabetic patients. J Investig Med 2009; 57: 495–9.
37. Koshel'skaia O.A., Sushkova A.S., Suslova T.E. i dr. Dlitel'naia terapiia atorvastatinom u bol'nykh ishemicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa i sakharnym diabetom: vliianie na glikemiiu i lokal'nuiu sosudistuiu zhestkost'. Serdtse: zhurnal dlia praktikuiushchikh vrachei. 2013; 12 (4): 223–9. [in Russian]
38. Nakata M, Nagasaka S, Kusaka I et al. Effects of statins on the adipocite maturation and expression of glucose transporter 4 (SLC2A4): implications in glycemic control. Diabetologia 2006; 49: 1881–92.
39. Kanda M, Satoh K, Ichihara K. Effects of atorvastatin and pravastatin on glucose tolerance in diabetic rats mildly induced by streptozocin. Biol Pharm Bull 2003; 26: 1681–84.
40. Abel ED, Peroni O, Kim JK et al. Adipose-selective targening of the GLUT4 gene impairs insulin action in muscle and liver. Nature 2001; 409: 729–33.
41. Nakata M, Uto N, Maruyama I, Yada T. Nitric oxide induces apoptosis via Ca2+-dependent processes in the pancreatic beta-cell line MIN6. Cell Struct Funct 1999; 24: 451–5.
42. Yada T, Nakata M, Shiraishi T, Kakei M. Inhibition by simvastatin, but not pravastatin, of glucose-induced cytosolic Ca2+ signaling and insulin secretion due to blockade of L-type Ca2+ channels in rat islet beta-cells. Br J Pharmacol 1999; 126: 1205-13.
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