Ятрогенные факторы риска и коррекция дислипидемии после трансплантации печени

1. Национальные рекомендации по кардиоваскулярной профилактике. 1-е изд. 2011. Кардиоваск. терапия и профилактика. 2011; 10 (6; Прил. 2). / Natsional'nye rekomendatsii po kardiovaskuliarnoi profilaktike. 1-e izd. 2011. Kardiovask. terapiia i profilaktika. 2011; 10 (6; Pril. 2). [in Russian]
2. Gisbert C, Prieto M, Berenguer M et al. Hyperlipidemia in liver transplant recipients: prevalence and risk factors. Liver Transpl Surg 1997; 3 (4): 416–22.
3. Bianchi G, Marchesini G, Marzocchi R et al. Metabolic syndrome in liver transplantation: relation to etiology and immunosuppression. Liver Transpl 2008; 14 (11): 1648–54.
4. Guckelberger O, Bechstein WO, Neuhaus R et al. Cardiovascular risk factors in long-term follow-up after orthotopic liver transplantation. Clin Transpl 1997; 11 (1): 60–5.
5. Laryea M, Watt KD, Molinari M et al. Metabolic syndrome in liver transplant recipients: prevalence and association with major vascular events. Liver Transpl 2007; 13 (8): 1109–14.
6. Muñoz LE, Nañez H, Rositas F et al. Long-term complications and survival of patients after orthotopic liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 2010; 42 (6): 2381–2.
7. Muñoz SJ, ElGenaidi H. Cardiovascular risk factors after liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2005; 11 (Suppl. 2): S52–S56.
8. Kobashigawa JA, Kasiske BL. Hyperlipidemia in solid organ transplantation. Transplantation 1997; 63: 331–8.
9. Imagawa DK, Dawson S, 3rd, Holt CD et al. Hyperlipidemia after liver transplantation: natural history and treatment with the hydroxy-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitor pravastatin. Transplantation 1996; 62: 934–42.
10. Munoz SJ, Deems RO, Moritz MJ et al. Hyperlipidemia and obesity after orthotopic liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 1991; 23: 1480–3.
11. Lucey MR, Terrault N, Ojo L et al. Long‐Term Management of the Successful Adult Liver Transplant: 2012 Practice Guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the American Society of Transplantation. Liver Transpl 2013; 19: 3–26.
12. Bianchi G, Marchesini G, Marzocchi R et al. Metabolic syndrome in liver transplantation: relation to etiology and immunosuppression. Liver Transpl 2008; 14 (11): 1648–54.
13. Neal DA, Tom BD, Luan J. Is there disparity between risk and incidence of cardiovascular disease after liver transplant? Transplantation 2004; 77 (1): 93–9.
14. Johnston SD, Morris JK, Cramb R et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality after orthotopic liver transplantation. Transplantation 2002; 73 (6): 901–6.
15. Ciccarelli O, Kaczmarek B, Roggen F. Long-term medical complications and quality of life in adult recipients surviving 10 years or more after liver transplantation. Acta Gastroenterol Belg 2005; 68 (3): 323–30.
16. Watt KD, Pedersen RA, Kremers WK et al. Evolution of causes and risk factors for mortality post-liver transplant: results of the NIDDK long-term follow-up study. Am J Transpl 2010; 10 (6): 1420–7.
17. Neal DA, Gimson AE, Gibbs P, Alexander GJ. Beneficial effects of converting liver transplant recipients from cyclosporine to tacrolimus on blood pressure, serum lipids, and weight. Liver Transpl 2001; 7 (6): 533–9.
18. Clark W. Tacrolimus: immunosuppression following liver and kidney transplant. J Clin Pharm Ther 1996; 21: 135–41.
19. Guckelberger O, Bechstein WO, Neuhaus R et al. Cardiovascular risk factors in long-term follow-up after orthotopic liver transplantation. Clin Transplant 1997; 11: 60–5.
20. Rabkin JM, Corless CL, Rosen HR, Olyaei AJ. Immunosuppression impact on long-term cardiovascular complications after liver transplantation. Am J Surg 2002; 183: 595–9.
21. Stegall MD, Wachs ME, Everson G et al. Prednisone withdrawal 14 days after liver transplantation with mycophenolate: a prospective trial of cyclosporine and tacrolimus. Transplantation 1997; 64: 1755–60.
22. Manzarbeitia C, Reich DJ, Rothstein KD et al. Tacrolimus conversion improves hyperlipidemic states in stable liver transplant recipients. Liver Transpl 2001; 7: 93–9.
23. Morard I, Dumortier J, Spahr L. Conversion to sirolimus-based immunosuppression in maintenance liver transplantation patients. Liver Transpl 2007; 13 (5): 658–64.
24. Stegall MD, Everson GT, Schroter G et al. Prednisone withdrawal late after adult liver transplantation reduces diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia without causing graft loss. Hepatology 1997; 25: 173–7.
25. Boillot O, Mayer DA, Boudjema K et al. Corticosteroid-free immunosuppression with tacrolimus following induction with daclizumab: a large randomized clinical study. Liver Transpl 2005; 11: 61–7.
26. Segev DL, Sozio SM, Shin EJ et al. Steroid avoidance in liver transplantation: meta-analysis and meta-regression of randomized trials. Liver Transpl 2008; 14: 512–25.
27. Moench C, Barreiros AP, Schuchmann M et al. Tacrolimus monotherapy without steroids after liver transplantation-a prospective randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled trial. Am J Transpl 2007; 7: 1616–23.
28. Siddharth Singh, Watt KD. Long-term medical management of the liver transplant recipient: what the primary care physician needs to know. Mayo Clin Proc 2012; 87 (8): 779–90.
29. Космачева Е.Д., Бабич А.Э. Особенности ведения пациентов с артериальной гипертензией после трансплантации печени. Системные гипертензии. 2014; 4: 55–7. / Kosmacheva E.D., Babich A.E. Peculiarity of medical management of patients with arterial hypertension after liver transplantation. System Hypertension. 2014; 4: 55–7. [in Russian]
30. Pokrovskii VM, Kompaniets OG. Influence of the level of blood pressure on the regulatory-adaptive state. Hum Physiol 2012; 38 (5): 539–42.
31. Покровский В.М., Компаниец О.Г. Регуляторно-адаптивный статус пациентов с гипертонической болезнью при медикаментозном достижении целевых уровней артериального давления. Системные гипертензии. 2011; 2: 58–60. / Pokrovskii V.M., Kompaniets O.G. Regulatory-adaptive status of hypertensive patients during achievement target level of blood pressure. System Hypertension. 2011; 2: 58–60. [in Russian]
32. Ратова Л.Г., Чазова И.Е. Эффективность и безопасность лечения b-адреноблокатором III поколения пациентов с артериальной гипертонией. Consilium Medicum. 2009; 5. / Ratova L.G., Chazova I.E. Effektivnost' i bezopasnost' lecheniia b-adrenoblokatorom III pokoleniia patsientov s arterial'noi gipertoniei. Consilium Medicum. 2009; 5. [in Russian]
33. Компаниец О.Г., Аверин Е.Е. Приоритеты выбора диуретиков при лечении гипертонической болезни: доказательная медицина, рекомендательные документы и реальная клиническая практика. Системные гипертензии. 2013; 1: 62–5. / Kompaniets O.G., Averin E.E. Priorities for choosing diuretics in the treatment of hypertensive disease: Evidence-based medicine, recommendation documents, and real clinical practice. System Hypertension. 2013; 1: 62–5. [in Russian]
34. Карташева Е.Д., Линчак Р.М. Роль b-адреноблокаторов в лечении и профилактике сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний: акцент на карведилол. Трудный пациент. 2010; 8  (5):  21–7. / Kartasheva E.D., Linchak R.M. Rol' b-adrenoblokatorov v lechenii i profilaktike serdechno-sosudistykh zabolevanii: aktsent na karvedilol. Trudnyi patsient. 2010; 8 (5): 21–7. [in Russian]
35. Пономарева А.И., Одноволов О.Т., Компаниец О.Г., Чернявская Д.Е. Комбинированная фармакотерапия артериальной гипертензии. Consilium Medicum. 2013; 1: 11–4. / Ponomareva A.I., Odnovolov O.T., Kompaniets O.G., Cherniavskaia D.E. Kombinirovannaia farmakoterapiia arterial'noi gipertenzii. Consilium Medicum. 2013; 1: 11–4. [in Russian]
36. International Atherosclerosis Society, IAS. Меморандум Международного общества по изучению атеросклероза: Общие рекомендации по лечению дислипидемии. 2014; с. 1–67. http://scardio.ru/content/Guidelines/IAS/PositionPaperRussianlanguage.pdf США / International Atherosclerosis Society, IAS. Memorandum Mezhdunarodnogo obshchestva po izucheniiu ateroskleroza: Obshchie rekomendatsii po lecheniiu dislipidemii. 2014; s. 1–67. http://scardio.ru/content/Guidelines/IAS/PositionPaperRussianlanguage.pdf SShA [in Russian]
37. Martin JE, Cavanaugh TM, Trumbull L. Incidence of adverse events with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors in liver transplant patients. Clin Transpl 2008; 22 (1): 113–9.
38. Asberg A. Interactions between cyclosporin and lipid-lowering drugs: implications for organ transplant recipients. Drugs 2003; 63 (4): 367–78.
39. Общероссийская общественная организация трансплантологов «Российское трансплантологическое общество». Трансплантация печени. Национальные клинические рекомендации 2013. http://transpl.ru/images/cms/data/pdf/nacional_nye_klinicheskie_rekomendacii_po_transplantacii_peche... / Obshcherossiiskaia obshchestvennaia organizatsiia transplantologov «Rossiiskoe transplantologicheskoe obshchestvo». Transplantatsiia pecheni. Natsional'nye klinicheskie rekomendatsii 2013. http://transpl.ru/images/cms/data/pdf/nacional_nye_klinicheskie_rekomendacii_po_transplantacii_peche... [in Russian]
40. Государственный реестр лекарственных средств. http://grls.rosminzdrav.ru / Gosudarstvennyi reestr lekarstvennykh sredstv. http://grls.rosminzdrav.ru [in Russian]
41. McKenney JM, Sica D. Prescription omega-3 fatty acids for the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2007; 64 (6): 595–605.
42. Lee S, Gura KM, Puder M. Omega-3 fatty acids and liver disease. Hepatology 2007; 45 (4): 841–5.
43. Almutairi F, Peterson TC, Molinari M. Safety and effectiveness of ezetimibe in liver transplant recipients with hypercholesterolemia. Liver Transpl 2009; 15 (5): 504–8.

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1. Natsional'nye rekomendatsii po kardiovaskuliarnoi profilaktike. 1-e izd. 2011. Kardiovask. terapiia i profilaktika. 2011; 10 (6; Pril. 2). [in Russian]
2. Gisbert C, Prieto M, Berenguer M et al. Hyperlipidemia in liver transplant recipients: prevalence and risk factors. Liver Transpl Surg 1997; 3 (4): 416–22.
3. Bianchi G, Marchesini G, Marzocchi R et al. Metabolic syndrome in liver transplantation: relation to etiology and immunosuppression. Liver Transpl 2008; 14 (11): 1648–54.
4. Guckelberger O, Bechstein WO, Neuhaus R et al. Cardiovascular risk factors in long-term follow-up after orthotopic liver transplantation. Clin Transpl 1997; 11 (1): 60–5.
5. Laryea M, Watt KD, Molinari M et al. Metabolic syndrome in liver transplant recipients: prevalence and association with major vascular events. Liver Transpl 2007; 13 (8): 1109–14.
6. Muñoz LE, Nañez H, Rositas F et al. Long-term complications and survival of patients after orthotopic liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 2010; 42 (6): 2381–2.
7. Muñoz SJ, ElGenaidi H. Cardiovascular risk factors after liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2005; 11 (Suppl. 2): S52–S56.
8. Kobashigawa JA, Kasiske BL. Hyperlipidemia in solid organ transplantation. Transplantation 1997; 63: 331–8.
9. Imagawa DK, Dawson S, 3rd, Holt CD et al. Hyperlipidemia after liver transplantation: natural history and treatment with the hydroxy-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitor pravastatin. Transplantation 1996; 62: 934–42.
10. Munoz SJ, Deems RO, Moritz MJ et al. Hyperlipidemia and obesity after orthotopic liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 1991; 23: 1480–3.
11. Lucey MR, Terrault N, Ojo L et al. Long‐Term Management of the Successful Adult Liver Transplant: 2012 Practice Guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the American Society of Transplantation. Liver Transpl 2013; 19: 3–26.
12. Bianchi G, Marchesini G, Marzocchi R et al. Metabolic syndrome in liver transplantation: relation to etiology and immunosuppression. Liver Transpl 2008; 14 (11): 1648–54.
13. Neal DA, Tom BD, Luan J. Is there disparity between risk and incidence of cardiovascular disease after liver transplant? Transplantation 2004; 77 (1): 93–9.
14. Johnston SD, Morris JK, Cramb R et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality after orthotopic liver transplantation. Transplantation 2002; 73 (6): 901–6.
15. Ciccarelli O, Kaczmarek B, Roggen F. Long-term medical complications and quality of life in adult recipients surviving 10 years or more after liver transplantation. Acta Gastroenterol Belg 2005; 68 (3): 323–30.
16. Watt KD, Pedersen RA, Kremers WK et al. Evolution of causes and risk factors for mortality post-liver transplant: results of the NIDDK long-term follow-up study. Am J Transpl 2010; 10 (6): 1420–7.
17. Neal DA, Gimson AE, Gibbs P, Alexander GJ. Beneficial effects of converting liver transplant recipients from cyclosporine to tacrolimus on blood pressure, serum lipids, and weight. Liver Transpl 2001; 7 (6): 533–9.
18. Clark W. Tacrolimus: immunosuppression following liver and kidney transplant. J Clin Pharm Ther 1996; 21: 135–41.
19. Guckelberger O, Bechstein WO, Neuhaus R et al. Cardiovascular risk factors in long-term follow-up after orthotopic liver transplantation. Clin Transplant 1997; 11: 60–5.
20. Rabkin JM, Corless CL, Rosen HR, Olyaei AJ. Immunosuppression impact on long-term cardiovascular complications after liver transplantation. Am J Surg 2002; 183: 595–9.
21. Stegall MD, Wachs ME, Everson G et al. Prednisone withdrawal 14 days after liver transplantation with mycophenolate: a prospective trial of cyclosporine and tacrolimus. Transplantation 1997; 64: 1755–60.
22. Manzarbeitia C, Reich DJ, Rothstein KD et al. Tacrolimus conversion improves hyperlipidemic states in stable liver transplant recipients. Liver Transpl 2001; 7: 93–9.
23. Morard I, Dumortier J, Spahr L. Conversion to sirolimus-based immunosuppression in maintenance liver transplantation patients. Liver Transpl 2007; 13 (5): 658–64.
24. Stegall MD, Everson GT, Schroter G et al. Prednisone withdrawal late after adult liver transplantation reduces diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia without causing graft loss. Hepatology 1997; 25: 173–7.
25. Boillot O, Mayer DA, Boudjema K et al. Corticosteroid-free immunosuppression with tacrolimus following induction with daclizumab: a large randomized clinical study. Liver Transpl 2005; 11: 61–7.
26. Segev DL, Sozio SM, Shin EJ et al. Steroid avoidance in liver transplantation: meta-analysis and meta-regression of randomized trials. Liver Transpl 2008; 14: 512–25.
27. Moench C, Barreiros AP, Schuchmann M et al. Tacrolimus monotherapy without steroids after liver transplantation-a prospective randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled trial. Am J Transpl 2007; 7: 1616–23.
28. Siddharth Singh, Watt KD. Long-term medical management of the liver transplant recipient: what the primary care physician needs to know. Mayo Clin Proc 2012; 87 (8): 779–90.
29. Kosmacheva E.D., Babich A.E. Peculiarity of medical management of patients with arterial hypertension after liver transplantation. System Hypertension. 2014; 4: 55–7. [in Russian]
30. Pokrovskii VM, Kompaniets OG. Influence of the level of blood pressure on the regulatory-adaptive state. Hum Physiol 2012; 38 (5): 539–42.
31. Pokrovskii V.M., Kompaniets O.G. Regulatory-adaptive status of hypertensive patients during achievement target level of blood pressure. System Hypertension. 2011; 2: 58–60. [in Russian]
32. Ratova L.G., Chazova I.E. Effektivnost' i bezopasnost' lecheniia b-adrenoblokatorom III pokoleniia patsientov s arterial'noi gipertoniei. Consilium Medicum. 2009; 5. [in Russian]
33. Kompaniets O.G., Averin E.E. Priorities for choosing diuretics in the treatment of hypertensive disease: Evidence-based medicine, recommendation documents, and real clinical practice. System Hypertension. 2013; 1: 62–5. [in Russian]
34. Kartasheva E.D., Linchak R.M. Rol' b-adrenoblokatorov v lechenii i profilaktike serdechno-sosudistykh zabolevanii: aktsent na karvedilol. Trudnyi patsient. 2010; 8 (5): 21–7. [in Russian]
35. Ponomareva A.I., Odnovolov O.T., Kompaniets O.G., Cherniavskaia D.E. Kombinirovannaia farmakoterapiia arterial'noi gipertenzii. Consilium Medicum. 2013; 1: 11–4. [in Russian]
36. International Atherosclerosis Society, IAS. Memorandum Mezhdunarodnogo obshchestva po izucheniiu ateroskleroza: Obshchie rekomendatsii po lecheniiu dislipidemii. 2014; s. 1–67. http://scardio.ru/content/Guidelines/IAS/PositionPaperRussianlanguage.pdf SShA [in Russian]
37. Martin JE, Cavanaugh TM, Trumbull L. Incidence of adverse events with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors in liver transplant patients. Clin Transpl 2008; 22 (1): 113–9.
38. Asberg A. Interactions between cyclosporin and lipid-lowering drugs: implications for organ transplant recipients. Drugs 2003; 63 (4): 367–78.
39. Obshcherossiiskaia obshchestvennaia organizatsiia transplantologov «Rossiiskoe transplantologicheskoe obshchestvo». Transplantatsiia pecheni. Natsional'nye klinicheskie rekomendatsii 2013. http://transpl.ru/images/cms/data/pdf/nacional_nye_klinicheskie_rekomendacii_po_transplantacii_peche... [in Russian]
40. Gosudarstvennyi reestr lekarstvennykh sredstv. http://grls.rosminzdrav.ru [in Russian]
41. McKenney JM, Sica D. Prescription omega-3 fatty acids for the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2007; 64 (6): 595–605.
42. Lee S, Gura KM, Puder M. Omega-3 fatty acids and liver disease. Hepatology 2007; 45 (4): 841–5.
43. Almutairi F, Peterson TC, Molinari M. Safety and effectiveness of ezetimibe in liver transplant recipients with hypercholesterolemia. Liver Transpl 2009; 15 (5): 504–8.

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