Когнитивные нарушения сосудистого генеза: значение поражения лобных долей и их связей

1. Гусев Е.И., Скворцова В.И. Ишемия головного мозга. М.: Медицина, 2001. / Gusev E.I., Skvortsova V.I. Ishemiia golovnogo mozga. M.: Meditsina, 2001. [in Russian]
2. Leipert J. Pharmacotherapy in restorative neurology. Curr Opin Neurol 2008; 21: 639–43.
3. Murphy TH, Corbett D. Plasticity during stroke recovery: from synapse to behaviour. Nature Rev Neurosci 2009; 10: 861–72.
4. Moorhouse P, Rockwood K. Vascular cognitive impairment: current concepts and clinical developments. Lancet Neurol 2008; 7: 246–55.
5. Chui HC. Vascular cognitive impairment. Alzheimers Dement 2006; 2: 185–94.
6. Jin Y-P, Di Legge S, Ostbye T et al. The reciprocal risks of stroke and cognitive impairment in an elderly population. Alzheimers Dement 2006; 2: 171–8.
7. Kuller LH, Lopez OL, Jagust WJ et al. Determinants of vascular dementia in the Cardiovascular Health Cognition Study. Neurology 2005; 64: 1548–52.
8. Tullberg M, Fletcher E, DeCarli C et al. White matter lesions impair frontal lobe function regardless of their location. Neurology 2004; 63: 246–53.
9. Man BL, Fu YP, Wong A et al. Cognitive and functional impairments in ischemic stroke patients with concurrent small vessel and large artery disease. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2011; 113: 612–6.
10. Gottesman RF, Hillis AE. Predictors and assessment of cognitive dysfunction resulting from ischaemic stroke. Lancet Neurol 2010; 9: 895–905.
11. Kaffashian S, Dugravot A, Brunner EJ et al. Midlive stroke risk and cognitive decline: a 10-year follow-up of the Whitehall II cohort study. Alzheimers Dement 2013; 9: 572–9.
12. Mohan KM, Wolfe CD, Rudd AD et al. Risk and cumulative risk of stroke recurrence. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Stroke 2011; 42: 1489–94.
13. Стаховская Л.В., Скворцова В.И., Чазова И.Е. Вторичная профилактика ишемического инсульта. Consilium Medicum. 2003; 5 (8): 473–6. / Stakhovskaia L.V., Skvortsova V.I., Chazova I.E. Vtorichnaia profilaktika ishemicheskogo insul'ta. Consilium Medicum. 2003; 5 (8): 473–6. [in Russian]
14. Танашян М.М., Домашенко М.А. Вторичная медикаментозная профилактика ишемического инсульта. Consilium Medicum. 2006; 8 (8): 86–91. / Tanashian M.M., Domashenko M.A. Vtorichnaia medikamentoznaia profilaktika ishemicheskogo insul'ta. Consilium Medicum. 2006; 8 (8): 86–91. [in Russian]
15. O’Brien JT, Erkinjuntti T, Reisberg B et al. Vascular cognitive impairment. Lancet Neurol 2003; 2: 89–98.
16. Baars BJ, Gage NM. Fundamentals Of Cognitive Neuroscience: A Beginner’s Guide. Amsterdam etc.: Academic Press, 2013.
17. Stewart R. Vascular dementia: a diagnosis running out of time. The Brit J Psychiat 2002; 180: 152–6.
18. Sachdev PS, Brodaty H, Valenzuela MJ et al. The neuropsychological profile of vascular cognitive impairment in stroke and TIA patients. Neurology 2004; 62: 912–9.
19. Alexander MP, Stuss DT. Disorders of frontal lobe functioning. Sem Neurol 2000; 20 (40): 427–37.
20. Alvarez JA, Emory E. Executive function and the frontal lobes: a meta-analytic review. Neuropsychol Rev 2006; 16 (1): 17–42.
21. Jurado MB, Rosselli M. The elusive nature of executive functions: a review of our current understanding. Neuropsychol Rev 2007; 17: 213–33.
22. Nachev P. Cognition and medial frontal cortex in health and disease. Curr Opin Neurol 2006; 19: 586–92.
23. Della Sala S, Gray C, Spinnler H, Trivelly C. Frontal lobe function in man: the riddle revisited. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 1998; 13 (8): 663–82.
24. Rossor M. Snouting, pouting and rooting. Practic Neurol 2001; 12: 119–21.
25. Herve D, Molko N, Pappata S et al. Longitudinal thalamic diffusion changes after middle cerebral artery infarcts. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2005; 76: 200–5.
26. Nakane H, Ibayashi S, Fujii K et al. Cerebral blood flow and metabolism in patients with silent brain infarction: occult misery perfusion in the cerebral cortex. J Neurolog Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998; 65 (3): 317–21.
27. Cummings JL, Trimble MR. Concise Guide to Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Neurology. 2nd ed. Washington, London: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc., 2002.
28. Walha K, Ricolfi F, Bejot Y et al. Hippocampus: a "forgotten" border zone of brain ischemia. J Neuroimag 2013; 23: 98–101.
29. Charidimoi A, Krishnan A, Werring DJ, Jager HR. Cerebral microbleedings: a guide to detection and clinical relevance in different disease settings. Neuroradiol 2013; 55: 655–74.
30. Cordonnier C. Brain microbleedens: more evidence, but still a clinical dilemma. Curr Opin Neurol 2011; 24: 69–74.
31. Wardlaw JM. What causes lacunar stroke? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2005; 76: 617–9.
32. Nonaka H, Akima M, Hatori T et al. Microvasculature of the human cerebral white matter: Arteries of the deep white matter. Neuropathology 2003; 23: 111–8.
33. Hirono N, Kitagaki H, Kazui H et al. Impact of white matter changes on clinical manifestation of Alzheimer’s disease: a quantitative study. Stroke 2000; 31: 2182–8.
34. Babiarz LS, Yousem DM, Wasserman BA et al. Cavernous carotid artery calcification and white matter ischemia. Am J Neuroradiol 2003; 24: 872–7.
35. DeLeeuw FE, de Groot JC, Oudkerk M et al. Hypertension and cerebral white matter lesions in a prospective cohort study. Brain 2002; 125: 765–72.
36. Goldstein IB, Bartzokis G, Guthrie D, Shapiro D. Ambulatory blood pressure and the brain. A 5-year follow-up. Neurology 2005; 64: 1846–52.
37. Udaka F, Sawada H, Kameyama M. White matter lesions and dementia: MRI-pathological correlations. Ann NY Acad Sci 2002; 977: 411–5.
38. Guermazi A, Miaux Y, Rovira-Canella A et al. Neuroradiological findings in vascular dementia. Neuroradiology 2007; 49: 1–22.
39. Yamauchi H. Ischemic white matter damage and cognitive impairment. Psychogeriatrics 2003; 3: 11–6.
40. Oosterman JM, de Vries K, Scherder EJ. A. Executive ability in relation to blood pressure in residents of homes for the elderly. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2007; 22: 731–8.
41. DenHeijer T, Launer LJ, Prins ND et al. Association between blood pressure, white matter lesions, and atrophy of the medial temporal lobe. Neurology 2005; 64: 263–7.
42. Gelber RP, Ross GW, Petrovitch H et al. Antihypertensive medication use and risk of cognitive impairment: The Honolulu-Asia Aging Study. Neurology 2013; 81: 888–95.
43. Alagiakrishnan K, McCracken P, Feldman H. Treating vascular risk factors and maintaining vascular health: Is this the way towards successful cognitive ageing and preventing cognitive decline? Postgrad Med J 2006; 82: 101–5.
44. Seshadri S. Delaying dementia: Can antihypertensives prevent Alzheimer dementia? Neurology 2013; 81: 860–2.
45. Hill MD, Mitchell JR. White matter lesions and cognition. It’s time for randomized trials to preserve intelligence. Neurology 2006; 66: 470–1.
46. Staessen JA, Gasowski J, Wang JG et al. Risks of untreated and treated isolated systolic hypertension in the elderly: meta-analysis of outcome trials. Lancet 2000; 355 (9207): 865–72.
47. Feigin V, Ratnasabapathy Y, Anderson C. Does blood pressure lowering treatment prevents dementia or cognitive decline in patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease? J Neurol Sci 2005; 229–30: 151–5.
48. Pandita-Gunawardena ND, Clarke SEM. Amlodipine lowers blood pressure without affecting cerebral blood flow as measured by single photon emission computed tomography in elderly hypertensive subjects. Age Ageing 1999; 28: 451–7.
49. Verghese J, Lipton RB, Hall CB et al. Low blood pressure and the risk of dementia in very old individuals. Neurology 2003; 61: 1667–72.
50. Van Spronsen M, Hoogenraad CC. Synapse pathology in psychiatric and neurologic disease. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2010; 10: 207–14.
51. Екушева Е.В., Дамулин И.В. Реабилитация после инсульта: значение процессов нейропластичности и сенсомоторной интеграции. Журн. неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С.Корсакова. 2013; 113 (12/2): 35–41. / Ekusheva E.V., Damulin I.V. Reabilitatsiia posle insul'ta: znachenie protsessov neiroplastichnosti i sensomotornoi integratsii. Zhurn. nevrologii i psikhiatrii im. S.S.Korsakova. 2013; 113 (12/2): 35–41. [in Russian]
52. Дамулин И.В., Екушева Е.В. Процессы нейропластичности после инсульта. Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика. 2014; 3: 69–74. / Damulin I.V., Ekusheva E.V. Protsessy neiroplastichnosti posle insul'ta. Nevrologiia, neiropsikhiatriia, psikhosomatika. 2014; 3: 69–74. [in Russian]
53. Камчатнов П.Р. Когнитивный резерв, когнитивные нарушения и возможность их медикаментозной коррекции. Журн. неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С.Корсакова. 2014; 4: 52–6. / Kamchatnov P.R. Kognitivnyi rezerv, kognitivnye narusheniia i vozmozhnost' ikh medikamentoznoi korrektsii. Zhurn. nevrologii i psikhiatrii im. S.S.Korsakova. 2014; 4: 52–6. [in Russian]
54. Гусев Е.И., Камчатнов П.Р. Пластичность нервной системы. Журн. неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С.Корсакова. 2004; 104 (3): 73–9. / Gusev E.I., Kamchatnov P.R. Plastichnost' nervnoi sistemy. Zhurn. nevrologii i psikhiatrii im. S.S.Korsakova. 2004; 104 (3): 73–9. [in Russian]
55. Дамулин И.В. Основные механизмы нейропластичности и их клиническое значение. Журн. неврологии и психиатрии им. C.C.Корсакова. 2009; 109 (4): 4–8. / Damulin I.V. Osnovnye mekhanizmy neiroplastichnosti i ikh klinicheskoe znachenie. Zhurn. nevrologii i psikhiatrii im. C.C.Korsakova. 2009; 109 (4): 4–8 [in Russian]
56. Calero MD, Navarro E. Relationship between plasticity, mild cognitive impairment and cognitive decline. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2004; 19: 653–60.
57. Farfel JM, Nitrini R, Suemoto CK et al. Very low levels of education and cognitive reserve: A clinicopathologic study. Neurology 2013; 81: 650–7.

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1. Gusev E.I., Skvortsova V.I. Ishemiia golovnogo mozga. M.: Meditsina, 2001. [in Russian]
2. Leipert J. Pharmacotherapy in restorative neurology. Curr Opin Neurol 2008; 21: 639–43.
3. Murphy TH, Corbett D. Plasticity during stroke recovery: from synapse to behaviour. Nature Rev Neurosci 2009; 10: 861–72.
4. Moorhouse P, Rockwood K. Vascular cognitive impairment: current concepts and clinical developments. Lancet Neurol 2008; 7: 246–55.
5. Chui HC. Vascular cognitive impairment. Alzheimers Dement 2006; 2: 185–94.
6. Jin Y-P, Di Legge S, Ostbye T et al. The reciprocal risks of stroke and cognitive impairment in an elderly population. Alzheimers Dement 2006; 2: 171–8.
7. Kuller LH, Lopez OL, Jagust WJ et al. Determinants of vascular dementia in the Cardiovascular Health Cognition Study. Neurology 2005; 64: 1548–52.
8. Tullberg M, Fletcher E, DeCarli C et al. White matter lesions impair frontal lobe function regardless of their location. Neurology 2004; 63: 246–53.
9. Man BL, Fu YP, Wong A et al. Cognitive and functional impairments in ischemic stroke patients with concurrent small vessel and large artery disease. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2011; 113: 612–6.
10. Gottesman RF, Hillis AE. Predictors and assessment of cognitive dysfunction resulting from ischaemic stroke. Lancet Neurol 2010; 9: 895–905.
11. Kaffashian S, Dugravot A, Brunner EJ et al. Midlive stroke risk and cognitive decline: a 10-year follow-up of the Whitehall II cohort study. Alzheimers Dement 2013; 9: 572–9.
12. Mohan KM, Wolfe CD, Rudd AD et al. Risk and cumulative risk of stroke recurrence. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Stroke 2011; 42: 1489–94.
13. Stakhovskaia L.V., Skvortsova V.I., Chazova I.E. Vtorichnaia profilaktika ishemicheskogo insul'ta. Consilium Medicum. 2003; 5 (8): 473–6. [in Russian]
14. Tanashian M.M., Domashenko M.A. Vtorichnaia medikamentoznaia profilaktika ishemicheskogo insul'ta. Consilium Medicum. 2006; 8 (8): 86–91. [in Russian]
15. O’Brien JT, Erkinjuntti T, Reisberg B et al. Vascular cognitive impairment. Lancet Neurol 2003; 2: 89–98.
16. Baars BJ, Gage NM. Fundamentals Of Cognitive Neuroscience: A Beginner’s Guide. Amsterdam etc.: Academic Press, 2013.
17. Stewart R. Vascular dementia: a diagnosis running out of time. The Brit J Psychiat 2002; 180: 152–6.
18. Sachdev PS, Brodaty H, Valenzuela MJ et al. The neuropsychological profile of vascular cognitive impairment in stroke and TIA patients. Neurology 2004; 62: 912–9.
19. Alexander MP, Stuss DT. Disorders of frontal lobe functioning. Sem Neurol 2000; 20 (40): 427–37.
20. Alvarez JA, Emory E. Executive function and the frontal lobes: a meta-analytic review. Neuropsychol Rev 2006; 16 (1): 17–42.
21. Jurado MB, Rosselli M. The elusive nature of executive functions: a review of our current understanding. Neuropsychol Rev 2007; 17: 213–33.
22. Nachev P. Cognition and medial frontal cortex in health and disease. Curr Opin Neurol 2006; 19: 586–92.
23. Della Sala S, Gray C, Spinnler H, Trivelly C. Frontal lobe function in man: the riddle revisited. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 1998; 13 (8): 663–82.
24. Rossor M. Snouting, pouting and rooting. Practic Neurol 2001; 12: 119–21.
25. Herve D, Molko N, Pappata S et al. Longitudinal thalamic diffusion changes after middle cerebral artery infarcts. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2005; 76: 200–5.
26. Nakane H, Ibayashi S, Fujii K et al. Cerebral blood flow and metabolism in patients with silent brain infarction: occult misery perfusion in the cerebral cortex. J Neurolog Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998; 65 (3): 317–21.
27. Cummings JL, Trimble MR. Concise Guide to Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Neurology. 2nd ed. Washington, London: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc., 2002.
28. Walha K, Ricolfi F, Bejot Y et al. Hippocampus: a "forgotten" border zone of brain ischemia. J Neuroimag 2013; 23: 98–101.
29. Charidimoi A, Krishnan A, Werring DJ, Jager HR. Cerebral microbleedings: a guide to detection and clinical relevance in different disease settings. Neuroradiol 2013; 55: 655–74.
30. Cordonnier C. Brain microbleedens: more evidence, but still a clinical dilemma. Curr Opin Neurol 2011; 24: 69–74.
31. Wardlaw JM. What causes lacunar stroke? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2005; 76: 617–9.
32. Nonaka H, Akima M, Hatori T et al. Microvasculature of the human cerebral white matter: Arteries of the deep white matter. Neuropathology 2003; 23: 111–8.
33. Hirono N, Kitagaki H, Kazui H et al. Impact of white matter changes on clinical manifestation of Alzheimer’s disease: a quantitative study. Stroke 2000; 31: 2182–8.
34. Babiarz LS, Yousem DM, Wasserman BA et al. Cavernous carotid artery calcification and white matter ischemia. Am J Neuroradiol 2003; 24: 872–7.
35. DeLeeuw FE, de Groot JC, Oudkerk M et al. Hypertension and cerebral white matter lesions in a prospective cohort study. Brain 2002; 125: 765–72.
36. Goldstein IB, Bartzokis G, Guthrie D, Shapiro D. Ambulatory blood pressure and the brain. A 5-year follow-up. Neurology 2005; 64: 1846–52.
37. Udaka F, Sawada H, Kameyama M. White matter lesions and dementia: MRI-pathological correlations. Ann NY Acad Sci 2002; 977: 411–5.
38. Guermazi A, Miaux Y, Rovira-Canella A et al. Neuroradiological findings in vascular dementia. Neuroradiology 2007; 49: 1–22.
39. Yamauchi H. Ischemic white matter damage and cognitive impairment. Psychogeriatrics 2003; 3: 11–6.
40. Oosterman JM, de Vries K, Scherder EJ. A. Executive ability in relation to blood pressure in residents of homes for the elderly. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2007; 22: 731–8.
41. DenHeijer T, Launer LJ, Prins ND et al. Association between blood pressure, white matter lesions, and atrophy of the medial temporal lobe. Neurology 2005; 64: 263–7.
42. Gelber RP, Ross GW, Petrovitch H et al. Antihypertensive medication use and risk of cognitive impairment: The Honolulu-Asia Aging Study. Neurology 2013; 81: 888–95.
43. Alagiakrishnan K, McCracken P, Feldman H. Treating vascular risk factors and maintaining vascular health: Is this the way towards successful cognitive ageing and preventing cognitive decline? Postgrad Med J 2006; 82: 101–5.
44. Seshadri S. Delaying dementia: Can antihypertensives prevent Alzheimer dementia? Neurology 2013; 81: 860–2.
45. Hill MD, Mitchell JR. White matter lesions and cognition. It’s time for randomized trials to preserve intelligence. Neurology 2006; 66: 470–1.
46. Staessen JA, Gasowski J, Wang JG et al. Risks of untreated and treated isolated systolic hypertension in the elderly: meta-analysis of outcome trials. Lancet 2000; 355 (9207): 865–72.
47. Feigin V, Ratnasabapathy Y, Anderson C. Does blood pressure lowering treatment prevents dementia or cognitive decline in patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease? J Neurol Sci 2005; 229–30: 151–5.
48. Pandita-Gunawardena ND, Clarke SEM. Amlodipine lowers blood pressure without affecting cerebral blood flow as measured by single photon emission computed tomography in elderly hypertensive subjects. Age Ageing 1999; 28: 451–7.
49. Verghese J, Lipton RB, Hall CB et al. Low blood pressure and the risk of dementia in very old individuals. Neurology 2003; 61: 1667–72.
50. Van Spronsen M, Hoogenraad CC. Synapse pathology in psychiatric and neurologic disease. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2010; 10: 207–14.
51. Ekusheva E.V., Damulin I.V. Reabilitatsiia posle insul'ta: znachenie protsessov neiroplastichnosti i sensomotornoi integratsii. Zhurn. nevrologii i psikhiatrii im. S.S.Korsakova. 2013; 113 (12/2): 35–41. [in Russian]
52. Damulin I.V., Ekusheva E.V. Protsessy neiroplastichnosti posle insul'ta. Nevrologiia, neiropsikhiatriia, psikhosomatika. 2014; 3: 69–74. [in Russian]
53. Kamchatnov P.R. Kognitivnyi rezerv, kognitivnye narusheniia i vozmozhnost' ikh medikamentoznoi korrektsii. Zhurn. nevrologii i psikhiatrii im. S.S.Korsakova. 2014; 4: 52–6. [in Russian]
54. Gusev E.I., Kamchatnov P.R. Plastichnost' nervnoi sistemy. Zhurn. nevrologii i psikhiatrii im. S.S.Korsakova. 2004; 104 (3): 73–9. [in Russian]
55. Damulin I.V. Osnovnye mekhanizmy neiroplastichnosti i ikh klinicheskoe znachenie. Zhurn. nevrologii i psikhiatrii im. C.C.Korsakova. 2009; 109 (4): 4–8 [in Russian]
56. Calero MD, Navarro E. Relationship between plasticity, mild cognitive impairment and cognitive decline. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2004; 19: 653–60.
57. Farfel JM, Nitrini R, Suemoto CK et al. Very low levels of education and cognitive reserve: A clinicopathologic study. Neurology 2013; 81: 650–7.

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