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Основные подходы к первичной профилактике мозгового инсульта
Основные подходы к первичной профилактике мозгового инсульта
Марцевич С.Ю., Кутишенко Н.П., Суворов А.Ю. Основные подходы к первичной профилактике мозгового инсульта. Consilium Medicum. 2015; 17 (9): 12–15. DOI: 10.26442/2075-1753_2015.9.12-15
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Аннотация
В статье оценивается значимость мозгового инсульта, приводятся основные факторы риска развития заболевания, а также оцениваются основные подходы к его первичной лекарственной профилактике с позиций доказательной медицины.
Ключевые слова: мозговой инсульт, факторы риска, первичная медикаментозная профилактика.
Ключевые слова: мозговой инсульт, факторы риска, первичная медикаментозная профилактика.
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The paper estimated the importance of stroke, are major risk factors for the disease, as well as the estimated basic approaches to its primary drug prevention from the standpoint of evidence-based medicine.
Key words: cerebral stroke, risk factors, primary drug prevention.
Key words: cerebral stroke, risk factors, primary drug prevention.
Полный текст
Список литературы
1. Warlow C, Sudlow C, Dennis M et al. Stroke. Lancet 2003; 362 (9391): 1211–24.
2. Go AS, Mozaffarian D, Roger VL et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics – 2014 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2014; 129 (3): e28–292.
3. Heron M. Deaths: leading causes for 2007. Natl Vital Stat Rep 2011; 59 (8): 1–95.
4. Ringelstein EB, Nabavi D. Long-term prevention of ischaemic stroke and stroke recurrence. Thromb Res 2000; 98 (3): 83–96.
5. Meschia JF, Bushnell C, Boden-Albala B et al. Guidelines for the Primary Prevention of Stroke: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 2014; 45 (12): 3754–832.
6. O’Donnell MJ, Xavier D, Liu L et al. Risk factors for ischaemic and intracerebral haemorrhagic stroke in 22 countries (the INTERSTROKE study): a case-control study. Lancet 2010 [cited 2014 Oct 31]; 376 (9735): 112–23.
7. Conroy RM, Pyorala K, Fitzgerald AP et al. Estimation of ten-year risk of fatal cardiovascular disease in Europe: the SCORE project. Eur Heart J 2003; 24 (11): 987–1003.
8. Wolf PA, Abbott RD, Kannel WB. Atrial fibrillation as an independent risk factor for stroke: the Framingham Study. Stroke 1991; 22 (8): 983–8.
9. Independent predictors of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation: a systematic review. Neurology 2007; 69 (6): 546–54.
10. Comparison of 12 risk stratification schemes to predict stroke in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Stroke 2008 [cited 2015 Jun 3]; 39 (6): 1901–10.
11. Marini C, De Santis F, Sacco S et al. Contribution of atrial fibrillation to incidence and outcome of ischemic stroke: results from a population-based study. Stroke 2005; 36 (6): 1115–9.
12. Benjamin EJ, Wolf PA, D’Agostino RB et al. Impact of atrial fibrillation on the risk of death: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 1998; 98 (10): 946–52.
13. Gage BF, Waterman AD, Shannon W et al. Validation of clinical classification schemes for predicting stroke: results from the National Registry of Atrial Fibrillation. JAMA 2001; 285 (22): 2864–70.
14. Lip GYH, Nieuwlaat R, Pisters R et al. Refining clinical risk stratification for predicting stroke and thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation using a novel risk factor-based approach: the euro heart survey on atrial fibrillation. Chest 2010; 137 (2): 263–72.
15. Всероссийское научное общество кардиологов. Национальные рекомендации по кардиоваскулярной профилактике. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика (Прил. 2). 2011; 10 (6): 1–64. / Vserossiiskoe nauchnoe obshchestvo kardiologov. Natsional'nye rekomendatsii po kardiovaskuliarnoi profilaktike. Kardiovaskuliarnaia terapiia i profilaktika (Pril. 2). 2011; 10 (6): 1–64. [in Russian]
16. Perk J, De Backer G, Gohlke H et al. European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (version 2012). The Fifth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (constituted by re. Eur Heart J 2012; 33 (13): 1635–701.
17. D’Agostino RB, Wolf PA, Belanger AJ, Kannel WB. Stroke risk profile: adjustment for antihypertensive medication. The Framingham Study. Stroke 1994; 25 (1): 40–3.
18. Effects of treatment on morbidity in hypertension. Results in patients with diastolic blood pressures averaging 115 through 129 mm Hg. JAMA 1967; 202 (11): 1028–34.
19. Марцевич С.Ю., Кутишенко Н.П. Возможности практического врача в первичной профилактике мозгового инсульта. Роль антигипертензивной терапии. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2014; 13 (4): 64–8. / Martsevich S.Iu., Kutishenko N.P. Vozmozhnosti prakticheskogo vracha v pervichnoi profilaktike mozgovogo insul'ta. Rol' antigipertenzivnoi terapii. Kardiovaskuliarnaia terapiia i profilaktika. 2014; 13 (4): 64–8. [in Russian]
20. Staessen JA, Fagard R, Thijs L et al. Randomised double-blind comparison of placebo and active treatment for older patients with isolated systolic hypertension. The Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) Trial Investigators. Lancet 1997; 350 (9080): 757–64.
21. Liu L, Wang JG, Celis H, Staessen JA. Implications of the Systolic Hypertension in China trial. Clin Exp Hypertens 1999; 21 (5–6): 499–505.
22. Liu L, Zhang Y, Liu G et al. The Felodipine Event Reduction (FEVER) Study: a randomized long-term placebo-controlled trial in Chinese hypertensive patients. J Hypertens 2005; 23 (12): 2157–72.
23. Prevention of stroke by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension. Final results of the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP). SHEP Cooperative Research Group. JAMA 1991; 265 (24): 3255–64.
24. Beckett NS, Peters R, Fletcher AE et al. Treatment of hypertension in patients 80 years of age or older. N Engl J Med 2008; 358 (18): 1887–98.
25. Law MR, Morris JK, Wald NJ. Use of blood pressure lowering drugs in the prevention of cardiovascular disease: meta-analysis of 147 randomised trials in the context of expectations from prospective epidemiological studies. BMJ 2009; 338: b1665.
26. Goff DC, Lloyd-Jones DM, Bennett G et al. 2013 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation 2014; 129 (25 Suppl. 2): S49–73.
27. Baigent C, Blackwell L, Collins R et al. Aspirin in the primary and secondary prevention of vascular disease: collaborative meta-analysis of individual participant data from randomised trials. Lancet 2009; 373 (9678): 1849–60.
28. MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20,536 high-risk individuals: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2002; 360 (9326): 7–22.
29. Di Napoli P, Taccardi AA, Oliver M, De Caterina R. Statins and stroke: evidence for cholesterol-independent effects. Eur Heart J 2002; 23 (24): 1908–21.
30. Furberg CD. Natural statins and stroke risk. Circulation 1999; 99 (2): 185–8.
31. Sever PS, Dahlof B, Poulter NR et al. Prevention of coronary and stroke events with atorvastatin in hypertensive patients who have average or lower-than-average cholesterol concentrations, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Lipid Lowering Arm (ASCOT-LLA): a multicentre randomis. Lancet 2003; 361 (9364): 1149–58.
32. Ridker PM, Danielson E, Fonseca FAH et al. Rosuvastatin to prevent vascular events in men and women with elevated C-reactive protein. N Engl J Med 2008; 359 (21): 2195–207.
33. Amarenco P, Labreuche J, Lavallee P, Touboul P-J. Statins in stroke prevention and carotid atherosclerosis: systematic review and up-to-date meta-analysis. Stroke 2004; 35 (12): 2902–9.
34. Gorman M. Evidence-Based Management of Stroke. Circulation 2012; 125 (11): e469–70.
35. Марцевич С.Ю., Кутишенко Н.П., Суворов А.Ю. и др. Характеристика пациентов с мозговым инсультом или транзиторной ишемической атакой, включенных в регистр ЛИС-2 (Люберецкое исследование смертности больных, перенесших мозговой инсульт). Рацион. фармакотерапия в кардиологии. 2015; 11 (1). / Martsevich S.Iu., Kutishenko N.P., Suvorov A.Iu. i dr. Kharakteristika patsientov s mozgovym insul'tom ili tranzitornoi ishemicheskoi atakoi, vkliuchennykh v registr LIS-2 (Liuberetskoe issledovanie smertnosti bol'nykh, perenesshikh mozgovoi insul't). Ratsion. farmakoterapiia v kardiologii. 2015; 11 (1). [in Russian]
36. Бойцов С.А., Марцевич С.Ю., Гинзбург М.Л. и др. Люберецкое исследование смертности больных, перенесших мозговой инсульт или транзиторную ишемическую атаку (ЛИС-2). Дизайн и оценка лекарственной терапии. Рацион. фармакотерапия в кардиологии. 2013; 9 (2): 114–22. / Boitsov S.A., Martsevich S.Iu., Ginzburg M.L. i dr. Liuberetskoe issledovanie smertnosti bol'nykh, perenesshikh mozgovoi insul't ili tranzitornuiu ishemicheskuiu ataku (LIS-2). Dizain i otsenka lekarstvennoi terapii. Ratsion. farmakoterapiia v kardiologii. 2013; 9 (2): 114–22. [in Russian]
2. Go AS, Mozaffarian D, Roger VL et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics – 2014 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2014; 129 (3): e28–292.
3. Heron M. Deaths: leading causes for 2007. Natl Vital Stat Rep 2011; 59 (8): 1–95.
4. Ringelstein EB, Nabavi D. Long-term prevention of ischaemic stroke and stroke recurrence. Thromb Res 2000; 98 (3): 83–96.
5. Meschia JF, Bushnell C, Boden-Albala B et al. Guidelines for the Primary Prevention of Stroke: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 2014; 45 (12): 3754–832.
6. O’Donnell MJ, Xavier D, Liu L et al. Risk factors for ischaemic and intracerebral haemorrhagic stroke in 22 countries (the INTERSTROKE study): a case-control study. Lancet 2010 [cited 2014 Oct 31]; 376 (9735): 112–23.
7. Conroy RM, Pyorala K, Fitzgerald AP et al. Estimation of ten-year risk of fatal cardiovascular disease in Europe: the SCORE project. Eur Heart J 2003; 24 (11): 987–1003.
8. Wolf PA, Abbott RD, Kannel WB. Atrial fibrillation as an independent risk factor for stroke: the Framingham Study. Stroke 1991; 22 (8): 983–8.
9. Independent predictors of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation: a systematic review. Neurology 2007; 69 (6): 546–54.
10. Comparison of 12 risk stratification schemes to predict stroke in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Stroke 2008 [cited 2015 Jun 3]; 39 (6): 1901–10.
11. Marini C, De Santis F, Sacco S et al. Contribution of atrial fibrillation to incidence and outcome of ischemic stroke: results from a population-based study. Stroke 2005; 36 (6): 1115–9.
12. Benjamin EJ, Wolf PA, D’Agostino RB et al. Impact of atrial fibrillation on the risk of death: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 1998; 98 (10): 946–52.
13. Gage BF, Waterman AD, Shannon W et al. Validation of clinical classification schemes for predicting stroke: results from the National Registry of Atrial Fibrillation. JAMA 2001; 285 (22): 2864–70.
14. Lip GYH, Nieuwlaat R, Pisters R et al. Refining clinical risk stratification for predicting stroke and thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation using a novel risk factor-based approach: the euro heart survey on atrial fibrillation. Chest 2010; 137 (2): 263–72.
15. Vserossiiskoe nauchnoe obshchestvo kardiologov. Natsional'nye rekomendatsii po kardiovaskuliarnoi profilaktike. Kardiovaskuliarnaia terapiia i profilaktika (Pril. 2). 2011; 10 (6): 1–64. [in Russian]
16. Perk J, De Backer G, Gohlke H et al. European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (version 2012). The Fifth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (constituted by re. Eur Heart J 2012; 33 (13): 1635–701.
17. D’Agostino RB, Wolf PA, Belanger AJ, Kannel WB. Stroke risk profile: adjustment for antihypertensive medication. The Framingham Study. Stroke 1994; 25 (1): 40–3.
18. Effects of treatment on morbidity in hypertension. Results in patients with diastolic blood pressures averaging 115 through 129 mm Hg. JAMA 1967; 202 (11): 1028–34.
19. Martsevich S.Iu., Kutishenko N.P. Vozmozhnosti prakticheskogo vracha v pervichnoi profilaktike mozgovogo insul'ta. Rol' antigipertenzivnoi terapii. Kardiovaskuliarnaia terapiia i profilaktika. 2014; 13 (4): 64–8. [in Russian]
20. Staessen JA, Fagard R, Thijs L et al. Randomised double-blind comparison of placebo and active treatment for older patients with isolated systolic hypertension. The Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) Trial Investigators. Lancet 1997; 350 (9080): 757–64.
21. Liu L, Wang JG, Celis H, Staessen JA. Implications of the Systolic Hypertension in China trial. Clin Exp Hypertens 1999; 21 (5–6): 499–505.
22. Liu L, Zhang Y, Liu G et al. The Felodipine Event Reduction (FEVER) Study: a randomized long-term placebo-controlled trial in Chinese hypertensive patients. J Hypertens 2005; 23 (12): 2157–72.
23. Prevention of stroke by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension. Final results of the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP). SHEP Cooperative Research Group. JAMA 1991; 265 (24): 3255–64.
24. Beckett NS, Peters R, Fletcher AE et al. Treatment of hypertension in patients 80 years of age or older. N Engl J Med 2008; 358 (18): 1887–98.
25. Law MR, Morris JK, Wald NJ. Use of blood pressure lowering drugs in the prevention of cardiovascular disease: meta-analysis of 147 randomised trials in the context of expectations from prospective epidemiological studies. BMJ 2009; 338: b1665.
26. Goff DC, Lloyd-Jones DM, Bennett G et al. 2013 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation 2014; 129 (25 Suppl. 2): S49–73.
27. Baigent C, Blackwell L, Collins R et al. Aspirin in the primary and secondary prevention of vascular disease: collaborative meta-analysis of individual participant data from randomised trials. Lancet 2009; 373 (9678): 1849–60.
28. MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20,536 high-risk individuals: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2002; 360 (9326): 7–22.
29. Di Napoli P, Taccardi AA, Oliver M, De Caterina R. Statins and stroke: evidence for cholesterol-independent effects. Eur Heart J 2002; 23 (24): 1908–21.
30. Furberg CD. Natural statins and stroke risk. Circulation 1999; 99 (2): 185–8.
31. Sever PS, Dahlof B, Poulter NR et al. Prevention of coronary and stroke events with atorvastatin in hypertensive patients who have average or lower-than-average cholesterol concentrations, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Lipid Lowering Arm (ASCOT-LLA): a multicentre randomis. Lancet 2003; 361 (9364): 1149–58.
32. Ridker PM, Danielson E, Fonseca FAH et al. Rosuvastatin to prevent vascular events in men and women with elevated C-reactive protein. N Engl J Med 2008; 359 (21): 2195–207.
33. Amarenco P, Labreuche J, Lavallee P, Touboul P-J. Statins in stroke prevention and carotid atherosclerosis: systematic review and up-to-date meta-analysis. Stroke 2004; 35 (12): 2902–9.
34. Gorman M. Evidence-Based Management of Stroke. Circulation 2012; 125 (11): e469–70.
35. Martsevich S.Iu., Kutishenko N.P., Suvorov A.Iu. i dr. Kharakteristika patsientov s mozgovym insul'tom ili tranzitornoi ishemicheskoi atakoi, vkliuchennykh v registr LIS-2 (Liuberetskoe issledovanie smertnosti bol'nykh, perenesshikh mozgovoi insul't). Ratsion. farmakoterapiia v kardiologii. 2015; 11 (1). [in Russian]
36. Boitsov S.A., Martsevich S.Iu., Ginzburg M.L. i dr. Liuberetskoe issledovanie smertnosti bol'nykh, perenesshikh mozgovoi insul't ili tranzitornuiu ishemicheskuiu ataku (LIS-2). Dizain i otsenka lekarstvennoi terapii. Ratsion. farmakoterapiia v kardiologii. 2013; 9 (2): 114–22. [in Russian]
2. Go AS, Mozaffarian D, Roger VL et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics – 2014 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2014; 129 (3): e28–292.
3. Heron M. Deaths: leading causes for 2007. Natl Vital Stat Rep 2011; 59 (8): 1–95.
4. Ringelstein EB, Nabavi D. Long-term prevention of ischaemic stroke and stroke recurrence. Thromb Res 2000; 98 (3): 83–96.
5. Meschia JF, Bushnell C, Boden-Albala B et al. Guidelines for the Primary Prevention of Stroke: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 2014; 45 (12): 3754–832.
6. O’Donnell MJ, Xavier D, Liu L et al. Risk factors for ischaemic and intracerebral haemorrhagic stroke in 22 countries (the INTERSTROKE study): a case-control study. Lancet 2010 [cited 2014 Oct 31]; 376 (9735): 112–23.
7. Conroy RM, Pyorala K, Fitzgerald AP et al. Estimation of ten-year risk of fatal cardiovascular disease in Europe: the SCORE project. Eur Heart J 2003; 24 (11): 987–1003.
8. Wolf PA, Abbott RD, Kannel WB. Atrial fibrillation as an independent risk factor for stroke: the Framingham Study. Stroke 1991; 22 (8): 983–8.
9. Independent predictors of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation: a systematic review. Neurology 2007; 69 (6): 546–54.
10. Comparison of 12 risk stratification schemes to predict stroke in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Stroke 2008 [cited 2015 Jun 3]; 39 (6): 1901–10.
11. Marini C, De Santis F, Sacco S et al. Contribution of atrial fibrillation to incidence and outcome of ischemic stroke: results from a population-based study. Stroke 2005; 36 (6): 1115–9.
12. Benjamin EJ, Wolf PA, D’Agostino RB et al. Impact of atrial fibrillation on the risk of death: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 1998; 98 (10): 946–52.
13. Gage BF, Waterman AD, Shannon W et al. Validation of clinical classification schemes for predicting stroke: results from the National Registry of Atrial Fibrillation. JAMA 2001; 285 (22): 2864–70.
14. Lip GYH, Nieuwlaat R, Pisters R et al. Refining clinical risk stratification for predicting stroke and thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation using a novel risk factor-based approach: the euro heart survey on atrial fibrillation. Chest 2010; 137 (2): 263–72.
15. Всероссийское научное общество кардиологов. Национальные рекомендации по кардиоваскулярной профилактике. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика (Прил. 2). 2011; 10 (6): 1–64. / Vserossiiskoe nauchnoe obshchestvo kardiologov. Natsional'nye rekomendatsii po kardiovaskuliarnoi profilaktike. Kardiovaskuliarnaia terapiia i profilaktika (Pril. 2). 2011; 10 (6): 1–64. [in Russian]
16. Perk J, De Backer G, Gohlke H et al. European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (version 2012). The Fifth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (constituted by re. Eur Heart J 2012; 33 (13): 1635–701.
17. D’Agostino RB, Wolf PA, Belanger AJ, Kannel WB. Stroke risk profile: adjustment for antihypertensive medication. The Framingham Study. Stroke 1994; 25 (1): 40–3.
18. Effects of treatment on morbidity in hypertension. Results in patients with diastolic blood pressures averaging 115 through 129 mm Hg. JAMA 1967; 202 (11): 1028–34.
19. Марцевич С.Ю., Кутишенко Н.П. Возможности практического врача в первичной профилактике мозгового инсульта. Роль антигипертензивной терапии. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2014; 13 (4): 64–8. / Martsevich S.Iu., Kutishenko N.P. Vozmozhnosti prakticheskogo vracha v pervichnoi profilaktike mozgovogo insul'ta. Rol' antigipertenzivnoi terapii. Kardiovaskuliarnaia terapiia i profilaktika. 2014; 13 (4): 64–8. [in Russian]
20. Staessen JA, Fagard R, Thijs L et al. Randomised double-blind comparison of placebo and active treatment for older patients with isolated systolic hypertension. The Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) Trial Investigators. Lancet 1997; 350 (9080): 757–64.
21. Liu L, Wang JG, Celis H, Staessen JA. Implications of the Systolic Hypertension in China trial. Clin Exp Hypertens 1999; 21 (5–6): 499–505.
22. Liu L, Zhang Y, Liu G et al. The Felodipine Event Reduction (FEVER) Study: a randomized long-term placebo-controlled trial in Chinese hypertensive patients. J Hypertens 2005; 23 (12): 2157–72.
23. Prevention of stroke by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension. Final results of the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP). SHEP Cooperative Research Group. JAMA 1991; 265 (24): 3255–64.
24. Beckett NS, Peters R, Fletcher AE et al. Treatment of hypertension in patients 80 years of age or older. N Engl J Med 2008; 358 (18): 1887–98.
25. Law MR, Morris JK, Wald NJ. Use of blood pressure lowering drugs in the prevention of cardiovascular disease: meta-analysis of 147 randomised trials in the context of expectations from prospective epidemiological studies. BMJ 2009; 338: b1665.
26. Goff DC, Lloyd-Jones DM, Bennett G et al. 2013 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation 2014; 129 (25 Suppl. 2): S49–73.
27. Baigent C, Blackwell L, Collins R et al. Aspirin in the primary and secondary prevention of vascular disease: collaborative meta-analysis of individual participant data from randomised trials. Lancet 2009; 373 (9678): 1849–60.
28. MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20,536 high-risk individuals: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2002; 360 (9326): 7–22.
29. Di Napoli P, Taccardi AA, Oliver M, De Caterina R. Statins and stroke: evidence for cholesterol-independent effects. Eur Heart J 2002; 23 (24): 1908–21.
30. Furberg CD. Natural statins and stroke risk. Circulation 1999; 99 (2): 185–8.
31. Sever PS, Dahlof B, Poulter NR et al. Prevention of coronary and stroke events with atorvastatin in hypertensive patients who have average or lower-than-average cholesterol concentrations, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Lipid Lowering Arm (ASCOT-LLA): a multicentre randomis. Lancet 2003; 361 (9364): 1149–58.
32. Ridker PM, Danielson E, Fonseca FAH et al. Rosuvastatin to prevent vascular events in men and women with elevated C-reactive protein. N Engl J Med 2008; 359 (21): 2195–207.
33. Amarenco P, Labreuche J, Lavallee P, Touboul P-J. Statins in stroke prevention and carotid atherosclerosis: systematic review and up-to-date meta-analysis. Stroke 2004; 35 (12): 2902–9.
34. Gorman M. Evidence-Based Management of Stroke. Circulation 2012; 125 (11): e469–70.
35. Марцевич С.Ю., Кутишенко Н.П., Суворов А.Ю. и др. Характеристика пациентов с мозговым инсультом или транзиторной ишемической атакой, включенных в регистр ЛИС-2 (Люберецкое исследование смертности больных, перенесших мозговой инсульт). Рацион. фармакотерапия в кардиологии. 2015; 11 (1). / Martsevich S.Iu., Kutishenko N.P., Suvorov A.Iu. i dr. Kharakteristika patsientov s mozgovym insul'tom ili tranzitornoi ishemicheskoi atakoi, vkliuchennykh v registr LIS-2 (Liuberetskoe issledovanie smertnosti bol'nykh, perenesshikh mozgovoi insul't). Ratsion. farmakoterapiia v kardiologii. 2015; 11 (1). [in Russian]
36. Бойцов С.А., Марцевич С.Ю., Гинзбург М.Л. и др. Люберецкое исследование смертности больных, перенесших мозговой инсульт или транзиторную ишемическую атаку (ЛИС-2). Дизайн и оценка лекарственной терапии. Рацион. фармакотерапия в кардиологии. 2013; 9 (2): 114–22. / Boitsov S.A., Martsevich S.Iu., Ginzburg M.L. i dr. Liuberetskoe issledovanie smertnosti bol'nykh, perenesshikh mozgovoi insul't ili tranzitornuiu ishemicheskuiu ataku (LIS-2). Dizain i otsenka lekarstvennoi terapii. Ratsion. farmakoterapiia v kardiologii. 2013; 9 (2): 114–22. [in Russian]
________________________________________________
2. Go AS, Mozaffarian D, Roger VL et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics – 2014 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2014; 129 (3): e28–292.
3. Heron M. Deaths: leading causes for 2007. Natl Vital Stat Rep 2011; 59 (8): 1–95.
4. Ringelstein EB, Nabavi D. Long-term prevention of ischaemic stroke and stroke recurrence. Thromb Res 2000; 98 (3): 83–96.
5. Meschia JF, Bushnell C, Boden-Albala B et al. Guidelines for the Primary Prevention of Stroke: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 2014; 45 (12): 3754–832.
6. O’Donnell MJ, Xavier D, Liu L et al. Risk factors for ischaemic and intracerebral haemorrhagic stroke in 22 countries (the INTERSTROKE study): a case-control study. Lancet 2010 [cited 2014 Oct 31]; 376 (9735): 112–23.
7. Conroy RM, Pyorala K, Fitzgerald AP et al. Estimation of ten-year risk of fatal cardiovascular disease in Europe: the SCORE project. Eur Heart J 2003; 24 (11): 987–1003.
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Авторы
С.Ю.Марцевич*, Н.П.Кутишенко, А.Ю.Суворов
ФГБУ Государственный научно-исследовательский центр профилактической медицины Минздрава России. 101990, Россия, Москва, Петроверигский пер., д. 10, стр. 3
*smartsevich@gnicpm.ru
ФГБУ Государственный научно-исследовательский центр профилактической медицины Минздрава России. 101990, Россия, Москва, Петроверигский пер., д. 10, стр. 3
*smartsevich@gnicpm.ru
________________________________________________
S.Yu.Martsevich*, N.P.Kutishenko, A.Yu.Suvorov
State Research Center for Preventive Medicine of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 101000, Russian Federation, Moscow, Petroverigskyii per., d. 10, str. 3
*smartsevich@gnicpm.ru
State Research Center for Preventive Medicine of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 101000, Russian Federation, Moscow, Petroverigskyii per., d. 10, str. 3
*smartsevich@gnicpm.ru
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