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Возможности посмертной визуализации в судебно-медицинской экспертизе трупа: обзор и критический анализ литературы
Возможности посмертной визуализации в судебно-медицинской экспертизе трупа: обзор и критический анализ литературы
Коков Л.С., Кинле А.Ф., Синицын В.Е., Филимонов Б.А. Возможности посмертной визуализации в судебно-медицинской экспертизе трупа: обзор и критический анализ литературы. Consilium Medicum. 2015; Приложение: 4–26.
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Аннотация
В обзоре проанализированы результаты сравнительных исследований по проблеме использования мультиспиральной компьютерной томографии (МСКТ) и магнитно-резонансной томографии (МРТ) в качестве альтернативы традиционному вскрытию трупа в судебно-медицинской экспертизе. Представлен критический анализ 93 источников литературы. При подготовке обзора были использованы основные интернет-ресурсы: научная электронная библиотека (elibrary), SciVerse (Science Direct), Scopus, PubMed и Discover. В обзор включены только те статьи, в которых обсуждались как преимущества, так и ограничения посмертной МСКТ- и МРТ-визуализации в судебно-медицинской экспертизе трупов взрослых.
В ходе анализа доступной литературы авторы попытались ответить на вопросы: какой метод лучевой диагностики, МСКТ или МРТ, в большей степени подходит для решения задач судебно-медицинской экспертизы трупа; сможет ли виртуальная аутопсия заменить традиционное судебно-медицинское вскрытие в ближайшей перспективе?
Выводы: для всестороннего исследования трупа в случаях скоропостижной смерти чаще всего потребуются оба метода визуализации – МСКТ и МРТ; в случаях смерти от механических повреждений показаний к применению МСКТ больше, чем МРТ.
В настоящее время виртуальная аутопсия не может полностью заменить традиционное вскрытие трупа в судебно-медицинской экспертизе, поскольку отсутствуют убедительные, основанные на принципах доказательной медицины сравнительные исследования, а также правовая база использования метода.
Ключевые слова: посмертная визуализация, компьютерная томография трупа, магнитно-резонансная томография трупа.
Conclusions: both imaging modalities – MDCT and MRI – are required in most sudden death cases to provide a comprehensive post-mortem examination. Cases of death following blunt injury, gun shot and stab wounds would require rather MDCT than MRI. Postmortem visualization can not replace conventional post-mortem examination in current practice due to the lack of reliable evidence from comparative studies and imperfect legal framework.
Key words: virtopsy, post-mortem imaging, computed tomography autopsy, magnetic resonance imaging autopsy.
В ходе анализа доступной литературы авторы попытались ответить на вопросы: какой метод лучевой диагностики, МСКТ или МРТ, в большей степени подходит для решения задач судебно-медицинской экспертизы трупа; сможет ли виртуальная аутопсия заменить традиционное судебно-медицинское вскрытие в ближайшей перспективе?
Выводы: для всестороннего исследования трупа в случаях скоропостижной смерти чаще всего потребуются оба метода визуализации – МСКТ и МРТ; в случаях смерти от механических повреждений показаний к применению МСКТ больше, чем МРТ.
В настоящее время виртуальная аутопсия не может полностью заменить традиционное вскрытие трупа в судебно-медицинской экспертизе, поскольку отсутствуют убедительные, основанные на принципах доказательной медицины сравнительные исследования, а также правовая база использования метода.
Ключевые слова: посмертная визуализация, компьютерная томография трупа, магнитно-резонансная томография трупа.
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Conclusions: both imaging modalities – MDCT and MRI – are required in most sudden death cases to provide a comprehensive post-mortem examination. Cases of death following blunt injury, gun shot and stab wounds would require rather MDCT than MRI. Postmortem visualization can not replace conventional post-mortem examination in current practice due to the lack of reliable evidence from comparative studies and imperfect legal framework.
Key words: virtopsy, post-mortem imaging, computed tomography autopsy, magnetic resonance imaging autopsy.
Полный текст
Список литературы
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2. Ayoub T, Chow J. The conventional autopsy in modern medicine. J R Soc Med 2008; 101 (4): 177–81.
3. Bolliger SA, Thali MJ, Ross S et al. Virtual autopsy using imaging: bridging radiologic and forensic sciences. A review of the Virtopsy and similar projects. Eur Radiol 2008; 18: 273–82.
4. Lundberg GD. Low-tech autopsies in the era of high-tech medicine: continued value for quality assurance and patient safety. JAMA 1998; 280: 1273–4.
5. Lundström C, Persson A, Ross S et al. State-of-the-art of visualization in post-mortem imaging. APMIS. 2012; 120 (4): 316–26.
6. Wullenweber R, Schneider V, Grumme T. A computer-tomographical examination of cranial bullet wounds. Z Rechtsmed 1977; 80: 227–46.
7. Kalender WA, Seissler W, Klotz E, Vock P. Spiral volumetric CT with single-breath-hold technique, continuous transport, and continuous scanner rotation. Radiology1990; 176: 181–3.
8. Donchin Y, Rivkind AI, Bar-Ziv J et al. Utility of postmortem computed tomography in trauma victims. J Trauma 1994; 37 (4): 552–5.
9. Patriquin L, Kassarjian A, Barish M et al. Postmortem whole-body magnetic resonance imaging as an adjunct to autopsy: preliminary clinical experience. J Magn Reson Imaging 2001; 13: 277–87.
10. Thali MJ, Yen K, Schweitzer W et al. Virtopsy, a new imaging horizon in forensic pathology: virtual autopsy by postmortem multislice computed tomography (MSCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) – a feasibility study. J Forensic Sci 2003; 48 (2): 386–403.
11. Dirnhofer R, Schick PJ, Ranner G. Virtopsy – Obduktion neu in Bildern. Wien, Austria: Manzsche Verlags- und Universitaetsbuchhandlung. 2010.
12. Roberts I, Benamore RE, Benbow EW et al. Post-mortem imaging as an alternative to autopsy in the diagnosis of adult deaths: a validation study. Lancet 2012; 379 (9811): 136–42.
13. Benjaminov O, Sklair-Levy M, Rivkind A et al. Role of radiology in evaluation of terror attack victims. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2006; 187 (3): 609–16.
14. Rutty GN, Robinson CE, BouHaidar R et al. The role of mobile computed tomography in mass fatality incidents. J Forensic Sci 2007; 52 (6): 1343–9.
15. Leth PM, Ibsen M. Abbreviated Injury Scale Scoring in Traffic Fatalities: Comparison of Computerized Tomography and Autopsy. J Trauma 2010; 68 (6): 1413–6.
16. Filograna L, Tartaglione T, Filograna E et al. Computed tomography (CT) virtual autopsy and classical autopsy discrepancies: radiologist's error or a demonstration of post-mortem multi-detector computed tomography (MSCT) limitation? Forensic Sci Int 2010; 195 (1–3): e13–7.
17. Kelly J, Raptopoulos V, Davidoff A et al. The value of non-contrast-enhanced CT in blunt abdominal trauma. Am J Roentgenol 1989; 152: 41–8.
18. Yamazaki K, Shiotani S, Ohashi N et al. Comparison between computed tomography (CT) and autopsy findings in cases of abdominal injury and disease. Forensic Sci Int 2006; 162 (1–3): 163–6.
19. Ross S, Spendlove D, Bolliger S et al. Postmortem whole-body CT angiography: evaluation of two contrast media solutions. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2008; 190 (5): 1380–9.
20. Grabherr S, Djonov V, Yen K et al. Postmortem angiography: review of former and current methods. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2007; 188 (3): 832–8.
21. Christe A, Flach P, Ross S et al. Clinical radiology and postmortem imaging (Virtopsy) are not the same: Specific and unspecific postmortem signs. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2010; 12 (5): 215–22.
22. Ros PR, Li KC, Vo P et al. Preautopsy magnetic resonance imaging: initial experience. Magn Reson Imaging 1990; 8: 303–8.
23. The Virtopsy Approach: 3D Optical and Radiological Scanning and Reconstruction in Forensic Medicine, 1st Edition, edited by M.J.Thali, R.Dirnhofer, P.Vock. 2009; р. 255, 257, 260, 262.
24. Cha JG, Kim DH, Kim DH et al. Utility of postmortem autopsy via whole-body imaging: initial observations comparing MSCT and 3.0T MRI findings with autopsy findings. Korean J Radiol 2010; 11 (4): 395–406.
25. Sudebnaia meditsina i sudebno-meditsinskaia ekspertiza: natsional'noe rukovodstvo. Pod red. Iu.I.Pigolkina. M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2014; s. 664–79. [in Russian]
26. Rukovodstvo po sudebnoi meditsine. Pod red. V.N.Kriukova, I.V.Buromskogo. M.: Norma, 2014; s. 364–71. [in Russian]
27. Morozov S.P., Nasnikova I.Iu., Sinitsyn V.E.. Mul'tispiral'naia komp'iuternaia tomografiia. Pod red. S.K.Ternovogo. M.: GEOTAR, 2009; s.9–11. [in Russian]
28. Roberts IS, Traill ZC. Minimally invasive autopsy employing post-mortem CT and targeted coronary angiography: evaluation of its application to a routine Coronial service. Histopathology 2014; 64 (2): 211–7. doi: 10.1111/his.12271. Epub 2013 Oct 25.
29. Yamazaki K, Kikuchi K et al. Postmortem magnetic resonance imaging (PMMRI) demonstration of reversible injury phase myocardium in a case of sudden death from acute coronary plaque change. Radiat Med Dec 2005; 23 (8): 563–5.
30. Jackowski C, Schweitzer W, Thali M et al. Virtopsy: postmortem imaging of the human heart in situ using MSCT and MRI. Forensic Sci Int 2005; 149 (1): 11–23.
31. Jackowski C, Christe A, Sonnenschein M et al. Postmortem unenhanced magnetic resonance imaging of myocardial infarction in correlation to histological infarction age characterization. Eur Heart J 2006; 27 (20): 2459–67.
32 Virtopsy: Minimally Invasive, Imaging-guided Virtual Autopsy. RadioGraphics 2006; 26 (5). http://pubs.rsna.org/doi/abs/10.1148/rg.265065001.
33. Jackowski C, Schwendener N, Grabherr S et al. Postmortem Magnetic Resonance Imaging Reveals MIs Invisible to Autopsy. J Am Coll Cardiol.
34. Shiotani S, Watanabe K, Kohno M et al. Postmortem computed tomographic (PMCT) findings of pericardial effusion due to acute aortic dissection. Radiat Med 2004; 22 (6): 405–7.
35. Barnes Е. Postmortem CT shows cause of death after acute chest pain. 2012. http://www.auntminnie.com/
36. Grabherr S, Djonov V, Friess A et al. Postmortem angiography after vascular perfusion with diesel oil and a lipophilic contrast agent. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2006; 187 (5): W515–23.
37. Jackowski C, Persson A, Thali MJ. Whole body postmortem angiography with a high viscosity contrast agent solution using poly ethylene glycol as contrast agent dissolver. J Forensic Sci 2008; 53 (2): 465–8.
38. Ward A. Forensic radiology: The role of cross-sectional imaging in virtual post-mortem examinations Joshua Higginbotham-Jones. Radiography 2014; 20 (1): 87–90.
39. Ruder TD, Ross S, Preiss U, Thali MJ. Minimally invasive post-mortem CT-angiography in a case involving a gunshot wound. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2010; 12 (2): 57–112.
40. Pöhlsgaard C, Leth PM. Post-mortem CT-coronary angiography. Scand J Forensic Sci 2007; 13: 8–9.
41. Grabherr S, Gygax E, Sollberger B et al. Two-step postmortem angiography with a modified heart–lung machine: preliminary results. Am J Roentgenol 2008; 190 (2): 345–51.
42. Guglielmi G. Advances in forensic imaging bring new opportunities for radiology. ERC, 2013.
43. Jackowski C, Thali M, Aghayev E et al. Postmortem imaging of blood and its characteristics using MSCT and MRI. Int J Legal Med 2006; 120 (4): 233–40.
44. Thali MJ, Yen K, Schweitzer W et al. Into the decomposed body: forensic digital autopsy using multislice-computed tomography. Forensic Sci Int 2003; 134: 109–14.
45. Jackowski C, Sonnenschein M, Thali MJ et al. Virtopsy: postmortem minimally invasive angiography using cross section techniques—implementation and preliminary results. J Forensic Sci 2005; 50: 1175–86.
46. Kokov L.S. Luchevaia diagnostika boleznei serdtsa i sosudov: natsional'noe rukovodstvo. M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2011: s. 48–56. [in Russian]
47. Shiotani S, Kohno M, Ohashi N et al. Non-traumatic postmortem computed tomographic (PMCT) findings of the lung. Forensic Sci Int 2004; 139: 39–48.
48. Paterson A, Ingram P, Thornton C. Post-mortem CT examinations and the discovery of occult rib fractures. ECR 2011.
49. Murakami T, Uetani M, Ikematsu K. Postmortem CT in emergency deparment: Influence of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. ECR 2012 / C-1440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1594/ ecr2012/C-1440.
50. Yen K, Sonnenschein M, Thali MJ et al. Postmortem multislice computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of odontoid fractures, atlantoaxial distractions and ascending medullary edema. Int J Legal Med 2005; 119 (3): 129–36.
51. Ampanozi G, Ruder TD, Preiss U et al. Virtopsy: CT and MR imaging of a fatal head injury caused by a hatchet: a case report. Leg Med (Tokyo). 2010; 12 (5): 238–41.
52. Postmortem radiology and imaging. Medscape Reference, update: Jul 16, 2012.
53. Jacobsen C, Schon CA, Kneubuehl B et al. Unusually extensive head trauma in a hydraulic elevator accident: post-mortem MSCT findings, autopsy results and scene reconstruction. J Forensic Leg Med 2008; 15 (7): 462–6. http://emedicine.medscape.com/ article/1785023-overview.
54. Jacobsen C, Bech BH, Lynnerup N. A comparative study of cranial, blunt trauma fractures as seen at medicolegal autopsy and by computed tomography. BMC Med Imaging. [Comparative Study Evaluation Studies]. 2009; 9: 18.
55. Jacobsen C, Lynnerup N. Craniocerebral trauma – Congruence between post-mortem computed tomography diagnoses and autopsy results A 2-year retrospective study. Forensic Sci Int 2010; 194 (1–3): 9–14.
56. Yen K, Lövblad K, Scheurer E et al. Post-mortem forensic neuroimaging: correlation of MSCT and MRI findings with autopsy results. Forensic Sci Int 2007; 1: 21–35.
57. Añon J, Remonda L, Spreng A et al. Traumatic extra-axial hemorrhage: correlation of postmortem MSCT, MRI, and forensic-pathological findings. J Magn Reson Imaging 2008; 28 (4): 823–36.
58. Harris LS. Postmortem magnetic resonance images of the injured brain: effective evidence in the courtroom. Forensic Sci Int 1991; 50: 179–85.
59. Aghayev E, Christe A, Sonnenschein M et al. Postmortem imaging of blunt chest trauma using CT and MRI: comparison with autopsy. J Thorac Imaging 2008; 23 (1): 20–7.
60. Aghayev E, Sonnenschein M, Jackowski C et al. Fatal hemorrhage in postmortem radiology: measurements of cross-sectional areas of major blood vessels and volumes of aorta and spleen by MSCT and volumes of heart chambers by MRI. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2006; 187: 209–15.
61. Christe A, Ross S, Oesterhelweg L et al. Abdominal trauma – sensitivity and specificity of postmortem noncontrast imaging findings compared with autopsy findings. J Trauma Injury Crit Care 2009; 66: 1302–7.
62. Adams V, Guidi C. Venous air embolism in homicidal blunt impact head trauma. Case reports. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2001; 22 (3): 322–6.
63. Jackowski C, Thali M, Sonnenschein M et al. Visualization and quantification of air embolism structure by processing postmortem MSCT data. J Forensic Sci 2004; 49: 1339–42.
64. Pedal I, Moosmayer A, Mallach HJ et al. Air embolism or putrefaction? Gas analysis findings and their interpretation. Z Rechtsmed 1987; 99: 151–67.
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68. Jackowski C, Thali M, Aghayev E et al. Postmortem imaging of blood and its characteristics using MSCT and MRI. Int J Legal Med 2005; 19: 1–8.
69. Oesterhelweg L, Ross S, Spendlove D et al. Virtopsy: fatal stab wounds to the skull – the relevance of ante-mortem and post-mortem radiological data in case reconstructions. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2007; 9 (6): 314–7.
70. Schnider J, Thali MJ, Ross S et al. Injuries due to sharp trauma detected by post-mortem multislice computed tomography (MSCT): a feasibility study. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2009; 11 (1): 4–9.
71. Ruder TD, Ketterer T, Preiss U et al. Suicidal knife wound to the heart: challenges in reconstructing wound channels with post mortem CT and CT-angiography. Leg Med 2011; 13 (2): 91–4.
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81. Yen K, Thali MJ, Aghayev E et al. Strangulation signs: initial correlation of MRI, MSCT, and forensic neck findings. J Magn Reson Imaging 2005; 22 (4): 501–10.
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13. Benjaminov O, Sklair-Levy M, Rivkind A et al. Role of radiology in evaluation of terror attack victims. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2006; 187 (3): 609–16.
14. Rutty GN, Robinson CE, BouHaidar R et al. The role of mobile computed tomography in mass fatality incidents. J Forensic Sci 2007; 52 (6): 1343–9.
15. Leth PM, Ibsen M. Abbreviated Injury Scale Scoring in Traffic Fatalities: Comparison of Computerized Tomography and Autopsy. J Trauma 2010; 68 (6): 1413–6.
16. Filograna L, Tartaglione T, Filograna E et al. Computed tomography (CT) virtual autopsy and classical autopsy discrepancies: radiologist's error or a demonstration of post-mortem multi-detector computed tomography (MSCT) limitation? Forensic Sci Int 2010; 195 (1–3): e13–7.
17. Kelly J, Raptopoulos V, Davidoff A et al. The value of non-contrast-enhanced CT in blunt abdominal trauma. Am J Roentgenol 1989; 152: 41–8.
18. Yamazaki K, Shiotani S, Ohashi N et al. Comparison between computed tomography (CT) and autopsy findings in cases of abdominal injury and disease. Forensic Sci Int 2006; 162 (1–3): 163–6.
19. Ross S, Spendlove D, Bolliger S et al. Postmortem whole-body CT angiography: evaluation of two contrast media solutions. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2008; 190 (5): 1380–9.
20. Grabherr S, Djonov V, Yen K et al. Postmortem angiography: review of former and current methods. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2007; 188 (3): 832–8.
21. Christe A, Flach P, Ross S et al. Clinical radiology and postmortem imaging (Virtopsy) are not the same: Specific and unspecific postmortem signs. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2010; 12 (5): 215–22.
22. Ros PR, Li KC, Vo P et al. Preautopsy magnetic resonance imaging: initial experience. Magn Reson Imaging 1990; 8: 303–8.
23. The Virtopsy Approach: 3D Optical and Radiological Scanning and Reconstruction in Forensic Medicine, 1st Edition, edited by M.J.Thali, R.Dirnhofer, P.Vock. 2009; р. 255, 257, 260, 262.
24. Cha JG, Kim DH, Kim DH et al. Utility of postmortem autopsy via whole-body imaging: initial observations comparing MSCT and 3.0T MRI findings with autopsy findings. Korean J Radiol 2010; 11 (4): 395–406.
25. Судебная медицина и судебно-медицинская экспертиза: национальное руководство. Под ред. Ю.И.Пиголкина. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2014; с. 664–79. / Sudebnaia meditsina i sudebno-meditsinskaia ekspertiza: natsional'noe rukovodstvo. Pod red. Iu.I.Pigolkina. M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2014; s. 664–79. [in Russian]
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27. Морозов С.П., Насникова И.Ю., Синицын В.Е.. Мультиспиральная компьютерная томография. Под ред. С.К.Тернового. М.: ГЭОТАР, 2009; с.9–11. / Morozov S.P., Nasnikova I.Iu., Sinitsyn V.E.. Mul'tispiral'naia komp'iuternaia tomografiia. Pod red. S.K.Ternovogo. M.: GEOTAR, 2009; s.9–11. [in Russian]
28. Roberts IS, Traill ZC. Minimally invasive autopsy employing post-mortem CT and targeted coronary angiography: evaluation of its application to a routine Coronial service. Histopathology 2014; 64 (2): 211–7. doi: 10.1111/his.12271. Epub 2013 Oct 25.
29. Yamazaki K, Kikuchi K et al. Postmortem magnetic resonance imaging (PMMRI) demonstration of reversible injury phase myocardium in a case of sudden death from acute coronary plaque change. Radiat Med Dec 2005; 23 (8): 563–5.
30. Jackowski C, Schweitzer W, Thali M et al. Virtopsy: postmortem imaging of the human heart in situ using MSCT and MRI. Forensic Sci Int 2005; 149 (1): 11–23.
31. Jackowski C, Christe A, Sonnenschein M et al. Postmortem unenhanced magnetic resonance imaging of myocardial infarction in correlation to histological infarction age characterization. Eur Heart J 2006; 27 (20): 2459–67.
32 Virtopsy: Minimally Invasive, Imaging-guided Virtual Autopsy. RadioGraphics 2006; 26 (5). http://pubs.rsna.org/doi/abs/10.1148/rg.265065001.
33. Jackowski C, Schwendener N, Grabherr S et al. Postmortem Magnetic Resonance Imaging Reveals MIs Invisible to Autopsy. J Am Coll Cardiol.
34. Shiotani S, Watanabe K, Kohno M et al. Postmortem computed tomographic (PMCT) findings of pericardial effusion due to acute aortic dissection. Radiat Med 2004; 22 (6): 405–7.
35. Barnes Е. Postmortem CT shows cause of death after acute chest pain. 2012. http://www.auntminnie.com/
36. Grabherr S, Djonov V, Friess A et al. Postmortem angiography after vascular perfusion with diesel oil and a lipophilic contrast agent. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2006; 187 (5): W515–23.
37. Jackowski C, Persson A, Thali MJ. Whole body postmortem angiography with a high viscosity contrast agent solution using poly ethylene glycol as contrast agent dissolver. J Forensic Sci 2008; 53 (2): 465–8.
38. Ward A. Forensic radiology: The role of cross-sectional imaging in virtual post-mortem examinations Joshua Higginbotham-Jones. Radiography 2014; 20 (1): 87–90.
39. Ruder TD, Ross S, Preiss U, Thali MJ. Minimally invasive post-mortem CT-angiography in a case involving a gunshot wound. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2010; 12 (2): 57–112.
40. Pöhlsgaard C, Leth PM. Post-mortem CT-coronary angiography. Scand J Forensic Sci 2007; 13: 8–9.
41. Grabherr S, Gygax E, Sollberger B et al. Two-step postmortem angiography with a modified heart–lung machine: preliminary results. Am J Roentgenol 2008; 190 (2): 345–51.
42. Guglielmi G. Advances in forensic imaging bring new opportunities for radiology. ERC, 2013.
43. Jackowski C, Thali M, Aghayev E et al. Postmortem imaging of blood and its characteristics using MSCT and MRI. Int J Legal Med 2006; 120 (4): 233–40.
44. Thali MJ, Yen K, Schweitzer W et al. Into the decomposed body: forensic digital autopsy using multislice-computed tomography. Forensic Sci Int 2003; 134: 109–14.
45. Jackowski C, Sonnenschein M, Thali MJ et al. Virtopsy: postmortem minimally invasive angiography using cross section techniques—implementation and preliminary results. J Forensic Sci 2005; 50: 1175–86.
46. Коков Л.С. Лучевая диагностика болезней сердца и сосудов: национальное руководство. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2011: с. 48–56. / Kokov L.S. Luchevaia diagnostika boleznei serdtsa i sosudov: natsional'noe rukovodstvo. M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2011: s. 48–56. [in Russian]
47. Shiotani S, Kohno M, Ohashi N et al. Non-traumatic postmortem computed tomographic (PMCT) findings of the lung. Forensic Sci Int 2004; 139: 39–48.
48. Paterson A, Ingram P, Thornton C. Post-mortem CT examinations and the discovery of occult rib fractures. ECR 2011.
49. Murakami T, Uetani M, Ikematsu K. Postmortem CT in emergency deparment: Influence of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. ECR 2012 / C-1440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1594/ ecr2012/C-1440.
50. Yen K, Sonnenschein M, Thali MJ et al. Postmortem multislice computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of odontoid fractures, atlantoaxial distractions and ascending medullary edema. Int J Legal Med 2005; 119 (3): 129–36.
51. Ampanozi G, Ruder TD, Preiss U et al. Virtopsy: CT and MR imaging of a fatal head injury caused by a hatchet: a case report. Leg Med (Tokyo). 2010; 12 (5): 238–41.
52. Postmortem radiology and imaging. Medscape Reference, update: Jul 16, 2012.
53. Jacobsen C, Schon CA, Kneubuehl B et al. Unusually extensive head trauma in a hydraulic elevator accident: post-mortem MSCT findings, autopsy results and scene reconstruction. J Forensic Leg Med 2008; 15 (7): 462–6. http://emedicine.medscape.com/ article/1785023-overview.
54. Jacobsen C, Bech BH, Lynnerup N. A comparative study of cranial, blunt trauma fractures as seen at medicolegal autopsy and by computed tomography. BMC Med Imaging. [Comparative Study Evaluation Studies]. 2009; 9: 18.
55. Jacobsen C, Lynnerup N. Craniocerebral trauma – Congruence between post-mortem computed tomography diagnoses and autopsy results A 2-year retrospective study. Forensic Sci Int 2010; 194 (1–3): 9–14.
56. Yen K, Lövblad K, Scheurer E et al. Post-mortem forensic neuroimaging: correlation of MSCT and MRI findings with autopsy results. Forensic Sci Int 2007; 1: 21–35.
57. Añon J, Remonda L, Spreng A et al. Traumatic extra-axial hemorrhage: correlation of postmortem MSCT, MRI, and forensic-pathological findings. J Magn Reson Imaging 2008; 28 (4): 823–36.
58. Harris LS. Postmortem magnetic resonance images of the injured brain: effective evidence in the courtroom. Forensic Sci Int 1991; 50: 179–85.
59. Aghayev E, Christe A, Sonnenschein M et al. Postmortem imaging of blunt chest trauma using CT and MRI: comparison with autopsy. J Thorac Imaging 2008; 23 (1): 20–7.
60. Aghayev E, Sonnenschein M, Jackowski C et al. Fatal hemorrhage in postmortem radiology: measurements of cross-sectional areas of major blood vessels and volumes of aorta and spleen by MSCT and volumes of heart chambers by MRI. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2006; 187: 209–15.
61. Christe A, Ross S, Oesterhelweg L et al. Abdominal trauma – sensitivity and specificity of postmortem noncontrast imaging findings compared with autopsy findings. J Trauma Injury Crit Care 2009; 66: 1302–7.
62. Adams V, Guidi C. Venous air embolism in homicidal blunt impact head trauma. Case reports. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2001; 22 (3): 322–6.
63. Jackowski C, Thali M, Sonnenschein M et al. Visualization and quantification of air embolism structure by processing postmortem MSCT data. J Forensic Sci 2004; 49: 1339–42.
64. Pedal I, Moosmayer A, Mallach HJ et al. Air embolism or putrefaction? Gas analysis findings and their interpretation. Z Rechtsmed 1987; 99: 151–67.
65. Patzelt D, Lignitz E, Keil W et al. Diagnostic problem of air embolism in a corpse. Beitr Gerichtl Med 1997; 37: 401–5.
66. Jackowski C, Sonnenschein M, Thali MJ et al. Intrahepatic Gas at Postmortem Computed Tomography: Forensic Experience as a Potential Guide for In Vivo Trauma Imaging. J Trauma 2007; 62 (4): 979–88.
67. Keil W, Bretschneider K, Patzelt D et al. Air embolism or putrefaction gas? The diagnosis of cardiac air embolism in the cadaver. Beitr Gerichtl Med 1980; 38: 395–408.
68. Jackowski C, Thali M, Aghayev E et al. Postmortem imaging of blood and its characteristics using MSCT and MRI. Int J Legal Med 2005; 19: 1–8.
69. Oesterhelweg L, Ross S, Spendlove D et al. Virtopsy: fatal stab wounds to the skull – the relevance of ante-mortem and post-mortem radiological data in case reconstructions. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2007; 9 (6): 314–7.
70. Schnider J, Thali MJ, Ross S et al. Injuries due to sharp trauma detected by post-mortem multislice computed tomography (MSCT): a feasibility study. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2009; 11 (1): 4–9.
71. Ruder TD, Ketterer T, Preiss U et al. Suicidal knife wound to the heart: challenges in reconstructing wound channels with post mortem CT and CT-angiography. Leg Med 2011; 13 (2): 91–4.
72. Farkash U, Scope A, Lynn M et al. Preliminary Experience with Postmortem Computed Tomography in Military Penetrating Trauma. J Trauma 2000; 48 (2): 303–8; discussion 308–9.
73. Zerbini T, Ferraz da Silva LF, Gonçalves Ferro AC et al. Differences between postmortem computed tomography and conventional autopsy in a stabbing murder case. Clinics (São Paulo) 2014; 69 (10).
74. Levy AD, Abbott RM, Mallak CT et al. Virtual autopsy: preliminary experience in high-velocity gunshot wound victims. Radiology 2006; 240 (2): 522–8.
75. Madea B, Henssge C, Lockhoven H B. Priority of multiple gunshot injuries of the skull. Z Rechtsmed 1986; 97: 213–8.
76. Andenmatten MA, Thali MJ, Kneubuehl BP et al. Gunshot injuries detected by post-mortem multislice computed tomography (MSCT): a feasibility study. Legal Med 2008; 10: 287–92.
77. Christe A, Aghayev E, Jackowski C et al. Drowning – post-mortem imaging findings by computed tomography. Eur Radiol 2008;18 (2): 283–90.
78. Levy AD, Harcke HT, Getz JM et al. Virtual autopsy: two- and three-dimensional multidetector CT findings in drowning with autopsy comparison. Radiology 2007; 243 (3): 862–8.
79. Christe A, Thoeny H, Ross S et al. Life-threatening versus non life-threatening manual strangulation: are there appropriate criteria by MR Imaging of the neck? Eur Radiol 2009; 19 (8): 1882–9.
80. Kempter M, Ross S, Spendlove D et al. Postmortem imaging of laryngohyoid fractures in strangulation incidents: first results. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2009; 11 (6): 267–71.
81. Yen K, Thali MJ, Aghayev E et al. Strangulation signs: initial correlation of MRI, MSCT, and forensic neck findings. J Magn Reson Imaging 2005; 22 (4): 501–10.
82. Aghayev E, Yen K, Sonnenschein M et al. Pneumomediastinum and soft tissue emphysema of the neck in postmortem CT and MRI; a new vital sign in hanging? Forensic Sci Int 2005; 153 (2–3): 181–8.
83. Levy AD, Harcke HT, Getz JM, Mallak CT. Multidetector computed tomography findings in deaths with severe burns. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2009; 30 (2): 137–41.
84. Jackowski C, Thali M, Sonnenschein M et al. Adipocere in postmortem imaging using multislice computed tomography (MSCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2005; 26 (4): 360–4.
85. Gebhart FTF, Brogdon BG, Zech W et al. Gas at post mortem computed tomography – an evaluation of 73 non-putrefied trauma and non-trauma cases. Forensic Sci Int 2012; 222: 162–9.
86. Wichmann D, Obbelode F, Vogel H et al. Virtual Autopsy as an Alternative to Traditional Medical Autopsy in the Intensive Care Unit: A Prospective Cohort Study. Ann Intern Med 2012; 156 (2): 123–30.
87. Aghayev E, Thali MJ, Sonnenschein M et al. Post-mortem tissue sampling using computed tomography guidance. Forensic Sci Int 2007 2; 166 (2–3): 199–203.
88. Patowary AJ. Virtopsy: the non traumatic autopsy. NE Quest 2012; 6 (1): 26–35.
89. Aghayev E, Staub L, Dirnhofer R et al. Virtopsy – the concept of a centralized database in forensic medicine for analysis and comparison of radiological and autopsy data. J Forensic Leg Med 2010 15 (3): 135–40.
90. Sidler M, Jackowski C, Dirnhofer R et al. Use of multislice computed tomography in disaster victim identification – advantages and limitations. Forensic Sci Int 2007; 169 (2–3): 118–28.
91. O'Donnell C, Iino M, Mansharan K et al. Contribution of postmortem multidetector CT scanning to identification of the deceased in a mass disaster: Experience gained from the 2009 Victorian bushfires. Forensic Sci Int 2010.
92. Leth PM, Christensen MR. Computerized tomography used for investigation of homicide victims. Scand J Forensic Sc 2011; 17 (1): 1–64.
93. Дадабаев В.К., Стрелков А.А. Законодательная основа производства судебно-медицинской экспертизы и возможности применения рентгеновского метода компьютерной томографии (СКТ) в исследовании трупа. Библиотека криминалиста. Научный журнал. 2014; 6 (17): 275–80. / Dadabaev V.K., Strelkov A.A. Zakonodatel'naia osnova proizvodstva sudebno-meditsinskoi ekspertizy i vozmozhnosti primeneniia rentgenovskogo metoda komp'iuternoi tomografii (SKT) v issledovanii trupa. Biblioteka kriminalista. Nauchnyi zhurnal. 2014; 6 (17): 275–80. [in Russian]
94. Weustink AC, Hunick M, van Dijke CF et al. Minimally invasive autopsy: an alternative to conventional autopsy. Radiology 2009; 250: 897–904.
95. Thali MJ, Braun M, Buck U et al. Virtopsy – scientific documentation, reconstruction and animation in forensic: individual and real 3D data based geo-metric approach including optical body/object surface and radiological CT/MRI scanning. J Forensic Sci 2005; 50 (2): 428–42.
96. O'Donnell C, Woodford N. Post-mortem radiology – a new sub-specialty? Clin Radiol 2008; 63 (11): 1189–94.
97. Thomsen AH, Jurik AG, Uhrenholt L, Vesterby A. An alternative approach to Computerized Tomography (CT) in forensic pathology. Forensic Sci Int 2009; 183 (1–3): 87–90.
98. Beck JJW. What is the future of imaging in forensic practice? Radiography 2011; 17: 212–7.
________________________________________________
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58. Harris LS. Postmortem magnetic resonance images of the injured brain: effective evidence in the courtroom. Forensic Sci Int 1991; 50: 179–85.
59. Aghayev E, Christe A, Sonnenschein M et al. Postmortem imaging of blunt chest trauma using CT and MRI: comparison with autopsy. J Thorac Imaging 2008; 23 (1): 20–7.
60. Aghayev E, Sonnenschein M, Jackowski C et al. Fatal hemorrhage in postmortem radiology: measurements of cross-sectional areas of major blood vessels and volumes of aorta and spleen by MSCT and volumes of heart chambers by MRI. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2006; 187: 209–15.
61. Christe A, Ross S, Oesterhelweg L et al. Abdominal trauma – sensitivity and specificity of postmortem noncontrast imaging findings compared with autopsy findings. J Trauma Injury Crit Care 2009; 66: 1302–7.
62. Adams V, Guidi C. Venous air embolism in homicidal blunt impact head trauma. Case reports. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2001; 22 (3): 322–6.
63. Jackowski C, Thali M, Sonnenschein M et al. Visualization and quantification of air embolism structure by processing postmortem MSCT data. J Forensic Sci 2004; 49: 1339–42.
64. Pedal I, Moosmayer A, Mallach HJ et al. Air embolism or putrefaction? Gas analysis findings and their interpretation. Z Rechtsmed 1987; 99: 151–67.
65. Patzelt D, Lignitz E, Keil W et al. Diagnostic problem of air embolism in a corpse. Beitr Gerichtl Med 1997; 37: 401–5.
66. Jackowski C, Sonnenschein M, Thali MJ et al. Intrahepatic Gas at Postmortem Computed Tomography: Forensic Experience as a Potential Guide for In Vivo Trauma Imaging. J Trauma 2007; 62 (4): 979–88.
67. Keil W, Bretschneider K, Patzelt D et al. Air embolism or putrefaction gas? The diagnosis of cardiac air embolism in the cadaver. Beitr Gerichtl Med 1980; 38: 395–408.
68. Jackowski C, Thali M, Aghayev E et al. Postmortem imaging of blood and its characteristics using MSCT and MRI. Int J Legal Med 2005; 19: 1–8.
69. Oesterhelweg L, Ross S, Spendlove D et al. Virtopsy: fatal stab wounds to the skull – the relevance of ante-mortem and post-mortem radiological data in case reconstructions. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2007; 9 (6): 314–7.
70. Schnider J, Thali MJ, Ross S et al. Injuries due to sharp trauma detected by post-mortem multislice computed tomography (MSCT): a feasibility study. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2009; 11 (1): 4–9.
71. Ruder TD, Ketterer T, Preiss U et al. Suicidal knife wound to the heart: challenges in reconstructing wound channels with post mortem CT and CT-angiography. Leg Med 2011; 13 (2): 91–4.
72. Farkash U, Scope A, Lynn M et al. Preliminary Experience with Postmortem Computed Tomography in Military Penetrating Trauma. J Trauma 2000; 48 (2): 303–8; discussion 308–9.
73. Zerbini T, Ferraz da Silva LF, Gonçalves Ferro AC et al. Differences between postmortem computed tomography and conventional autopsy in a stabbing murder case. Clinics (São Paulo) 2014; 69 (10).
74. Levy AD, Abbott RM, Mallak CT et al. Virtual autopsy: preliminary experience in high-velocity gunshot wound victims. Radiology 2006; 240 (2): 522–8.
75. Madea B, Henssge C, Lockhoven H B. Priority of multiple gunshot injuries of the skull. Z Rechtsmed 1986; 97: 213–8.
76. Andenmatten MA, Thali MJ, Kneubuehl BP et al. Gunshot injuries detected by post-mortem multislice computed tomography (MSCT): a feasibility study. Legal Med 2008; 10: 287–92.
77. Christe A, Aghayev E, Jackowski C et al. Drowning – post-mortem imaging findings by computed tomography. Eur Radiol 2008;18 (2): 283–90.
78. Levy AD, Harcke HT, Getz JM et al. Virtual autopsy: two- and three-dimensional multidetector CT findings in drowning with autopsy comparison. Radiology 2007; 243 (3): 862–8.
79. Christe A, Thoeny H, Ross S et al. Life-threatening versus non life-threatening manual strangulation: are there appropriate criteria by MR Imaging of the neck? Eur Radiol 2009; 19 (8): 1882–9.
80. Kempter M, Ross S, Spendlove D et al. Postmortem imaging of laryngohyoid fractures in strangulation incidents: first results. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2009; 11 (6): 267–71.
81. Yen K, Thali MJ, Aghayev E et al. Strangulation signs: initial correlation of MRI, MSCT, and forensic neck findings. J Magn Reson Imaging 2005; 22 (4): 501–10.
82. Aghayev E, Yen K, Sonnenschein M et al. Pneumomediastinum and soft tissue emphysema of the neck in postmortem CT and MRI; a new vital sign in hanging? Forensic Sci Int 2005; 153 (2–3): 181–8.
83. Levy AD, Harcke HT, Getz JM, Mallak CT. Multidetector computed tomography findings in deaths with severe burns. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2009; 30 (2): 137–41.
84. Jackowski C, Thali M, Sonnenschein M et al. Adipocere in postmortem imaging using multislice computed tomography (MSCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2005; 26 (4): 360–4.
85. Gebhart FTF, Brogdon BG, Zech W et al. Gas at post mortem computed tomography – an evaluation of 73 non-putrefied trauma and non-trauma cases. Forensic Sci Int 2012; 222: 162–9.
86. Wichmann D, Obbelode F, Vogel H et al. Virtual Autopsy as an Alternative to Traditional Medical Autopsy in the Intensive Care Unit: A Prospective Cohort Study. Ann Intern Med 2012; 156 (2): 123–30.
87. Aghayev E, Thali MJ, Sonnenschein M et al. Post-mortem tissue sampling using computed tomography guidance. Forensic Sci Int 2007 2; 166 (2–3): 199–203.
88. Patowary AJ. Virtopsy: the non traumatic autopsy. NE Quest 2012; 6 (1): 26–35.
89. Aghayev E, Staub L, Dirnhofer R et al. Virtopsy – the concept of a centralized database in forensic medicine for analysis and comparison of radiological and autopsy data. J Forensic Leg Med 2010 15 (3): 135–40.
90. Sidler M, Jackowski C, Dirnhofer R et al. Use of multislice computed tomography in disaster victim identification – advantages and limitations. Forensic Sci Int 2007; 169 (2–3): 118–28.
91. O'Donnell C, Iino M, Mansharan K et al. Contribution of postmortem multidetector CT scanning to identification of the deceased in a mass disaster: Experience gained from the 2009 Victorian bushfires. Forensic Sci Int 2010.
92. Leth PM, Christensen MR. Computerized tomography used for investigation of homicide victims. Scand J Forensic Sc 2011; 17 (1): 1–64.
93. Dadabaev V.K., Strelkov A.A. Zakonodatel'naia osnova proizvodstva sudebno-meditsinskoi ekspertizy i vozmozhnosti primeneniia rentgenovskogo metoda komp'iuternoi tomografii (SKT) v issledovanii trupa. Biblioteka kriminalista. Nauchnyi zhurnal. 2014; 6 (17): 275–80. [in Russian]
94. Weustink AC, Hunick M, van Dijke CF et al. Minimally invasive autopsy: an alternative to conventional autopsy. Radiology 2009; 250: 897–904.
95. Thali MJ, Braun M, Buck U et al. Virtopsy – scientific documentation, reconstruction and animation in forensic: individual and real 3D data based geo-metric approach including optical body/object surface and radiological CT/MRI scanning. J Forensic Sci 2005; 50 (2): 428–42.
96. O'Donnell C, Woodford N. Post-mortem radiology – a new sub-specialty? Clin Radiol 2008; 63 (11): 1189–94.
97. Thomsen AH, Jurik AG, Uhrenholt L, Vesterby A. An alternative approach to Computerized Tomography (CT) in forensic pathology. Forensic Sci Int 2009; 183 (1–3): 87–90.
98. Beck JJW. What is the future of imaging in forensic practice? Radiography 2011; 17: 212–7.
Авторы
Л.С.Коков1,2, А.Ф.Кинле3, В.Е.Синицын4,5, Б.А.Филимонов*1,6
1 Кафедра лучевой диагностики Института профессионального образования ГБОУ ВПО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М.Сеченова. 119991, Россия, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2;
2 ГБУЗ НИИ скорой помощи им. Н.В.Склифосовского. 129010, Россия, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3;
3 Кафедра судебной медицины ГБОУ ДПО Российская медицинская академия последипломного образования Минздрава России. 125993, Россия, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1;
4 ФГБУ Лечебно-реабилитационный центр Минздрава России. 125367, Россия, Москва, Иваньковское ш., д. 3;
5 Факультет фундаментальной медицины МГУ им. М.В.Ломоносова. 119192, Ломоносовский пр-т., д. 31, корп. 5;
6 Факультет истории, политологии и права ФГБОУ ВПО Российский государственный гуманитарный университет. 125993, Россия, Москва, Миусская пл., д. 6, корп. 5
*filimonov@hpmp.ru
1 I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University. 119991, Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. Trubetskaia, d. 8, str. 2;
2 N.V.Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Care. 129010, Russian Federation, Moscow, Bol'shaia Sukharevskaia pl., d. 3;
3 Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 125993, Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. Barrikadnaia, d. 2/1;
4 Medical Rehabilitation Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 125367, Russian Federation, Moscow, Ivan'kovskoe sh., d. 3;
5 M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University. 119192, Russian Federation, Moscow, Lomonosovskii pr-t., d. 31, korp. 5;
6 Russian State University for the Humanities. 125993, Russian Federation, Moscow, Miusskaia pl., d. 6, korp. 5
*filimonov@hpmp.ru
1 Кафедра лучевой диагностики Института профессионального образования ГБОУ ВПО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М.Сеченова. 119991, Россия, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2;
2 ГБУЗ НИИ скорой помощи им. Н.В.Склифосовского. 129010, Россия, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3;
3 Кафедра судебной медицины ГБОУ ДПО Российская медицинская академия последипломного образования Минздрава России. 125993, Россия, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1;
4 ФГБУ Лечебно-реабилитационный центр Минздрава России. 125367, Россия, Москва, Иваньковское ш., д. 3;
5 Факультет фундаментальной медицины МГУ им. М.В.Ломоносова. 119192, Ломоносовский пр-т., д. 31, корп. 5;
6 Факультет истории, политологии и права ФГБОУ ВПО Российский государственный гуманитарный университет. 125993, Россия, Москва, Миусская пл., д. 6, корп. 5
*filimonov@hpmp.ru
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1 I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University. 119991, Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. Trubetskaia, d. 8, str. 2;
2 N.V.Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Care. 129010, Russian Federation, Moscow, Bol'shaia Sukharevskaia pl., d. 3;
3 Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 125993, Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. Barrikadnaia, d. 2/1;
4 Medical Rehabilitation Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 125367, Russian Federation, Moscow, Ivan'kovskoe sh., d. 3;
5 M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University. 119192, Russian Federation, Moscow, Lomonosovskii pr-t., d. 31, korp. 5;
6 Russian State University for the Humanities. 125993, Russian Federation, Moscow, Miusskaia pl., d. 6, korp. 5
*filimonov@hpmp.ru
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