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Амоксициллин + клавулановая кислота: современные аспекты применения при инфекциях дыхательных путей и ЛОР-органов у детей
Амоксициллин + клавулановая кислота: современные аспекты применения при инфекциях дыхательных путей и ЛОР-органов у детей
Дронов И.А., Поляков Д.П. Амоксициллин + клавулановая кислота: современные аспекты применения при инфекциях дыхательных путей и ЛОР-органов у детей. Consilium Medicum. Болезни органов дыхания. (Прил.). 2015; c. 39–42.
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Аннотация
Антимикробная резистентность – существенная проблема, снижающая возможности применения аминопенициллинов в клинической практике. В статье рассматриваются особенности фармакологического действия и доказательная эффективность ингибиторозащищенных аминопенициллинов (амоксициллин + клавулановая кислота), особенности их применения в практике лечения респираторных инфекций и педиатрической практике.
Ключевые слова: резистентность, лечение респираторных инфекций у детей, амоксициллин + клавулановая кислота, Амоксиклав.
Key words: resistance, treatment of respiratory infections in children, amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, Amoxiclav.
Ключевые слова: резистентность, лечение респираторных инфекций у детей, амоксициллин + клавулановая кислота, Амоксиклав.
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Key words: resistance, treatment of respiratory infections in children, amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, Amoxiclav.
Полный текст
Список литературы
1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed
2. Практическое руководство по антиинфекционной химиотерапии. Под ред. Л.С.Страчунского, Ю.Б.Белоусова, С.Н.Козлова. Смоленск: МАКМАХ, 2007. / Prakticheskoe rukovodstvo po antiinfektsionnoi khimioterapii. Pod red. L.S.Strachunskogo, Iu.B.Belousova, S.N.Kozlova. Smolensk: MAKMAKh, 2007. [in Russian]
3. Antibiotic and chemotherapy. Edited by R.G.Finch, D.Greenwood, S.R.Norrby, R.J.Whitley. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 2010; p. 859.
4. Williams JD. Importance of beta-lactamases and clinical implications of their inhibitors. Drugs 1998; 35: 3–11.
5. Drawz SM, Bonomo RA. Three decades of beta-lactamase inhibitors. Clin Microbiol Rev 2010; 23 (1): 160–201.
6. http://grls.rosminzdrav.ru
7. Баранов А.А., Богомильский М.Р., Волков И.К. и др. Применение антибиотиков у детей в амбулаторной практике: практические рекомендации. КМАХ. 2007; 9 (3): 200–10. / Baranov A.A., Bogomil'skii M.R., Volkov I.K. i dr. Primenenie antibiotikov u detei v ambulatornoi praktike: prakticheskie rekomendatsii. KMAKh. 2007; 9 (3): 200–10. [in Russian]
8. Gerber MA, Baltimore RS, Eaton CB et al. Prevention of Rheumatic Fever and Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Streptococcal Pharyngitis: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease Committee of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, the Interdisciplinary Council on Functional Genomics and Translational Biology, and the Interdisciplinary Council on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research: Endorsed by the American Academy of Pediatrics. Circulation 2009; 119: 1541–51.
9. Brook I. Treatment of patients with acute recurrent tonsillitis due to group A beta-haemolytic streptococci: a prospective randomized study comparing penicillin and amoxycillin/clavulanate potassium. J Antimicrob Chemother 1989; 24 (2): 227–33.
10. Asensi F, Lopez-Hontangas JL, Otero M et al. Comparison between penicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid for the treatment of recurrent tonsillopharyngitis in childhood. Rev Esp Quimioter 1999; 12 (3): 211–4.
11. Easton J, Noble S, Perry CM. Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid: a review of its use in the management of paediatric patients with acute otitis media. Drugs 2003; 63 (3): 311–40.
12. Tapiainen T, Kujala T, Renko M et al. Effect of antimicrobial treatment of acute otitis media on the daily disappearance of middle ear effusion: a placebo-controlled trial. JAMA Pediatr 2014; 168 (7): 635–41.
13. Fokkens WJ, Lund VJ, Mullol J et al. European Position Paper on Nasal Polyps 2007. Rhinology 2007; 45 (Suppl. 20): 1–139.
14. Harris M, Clark J, Coote N et al. British Thoracic Society guidelines for the management of community acquired pneumonia in children: update 2011. Thorax 2011; 66 (Suppl.): 2–23.
15. Bansal A, Singhi SC, Jayashree M. Penicillin and gentamicin therapy vs amoxicillin/clavulanate in severe hypoxemic pneumonia. Indian J Pediatr 2006; 73 (4): 305–9.
16. Ribeiro CF, Ferrari GF, Fioretto JR. Antibiotic treatment schemes for very severe community-acquired pneumonia in children: a randomized clinical study. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2011; 29 (6): 444–50.
17. Козлов Р.С., Сивая О.В., Кречикова О.И. и др. Динамика резистентности Streptococcus pneumoniae к антибиотикам в России за период 1999–2009 гг. Клин. микробиология, антимикробная химиотерапия. 2010; 12 (4): 329–41. / Kozlov R.S., Sivaia O.V., Krechikova O.I. i dr. Dinamika rezistentnosti Streptococcus pneumoniae k antibiotikam v Rossii za period 1999–2009 gg. Klin. mikrobiologiia, antimikrobnaia khimioterapiia. 2010; 12 (4): 329–41. [in Russian]
18. Rosenbulut A, Santolaya ME, Gonzalez P et al. Penicillin resistance is not extrapolable to amoxicillin resistance in Streptococcus pneumonia isolated from middle ear fluid in children with acute otitis media. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2006; 115 (3): 186–90.
19. Jacobs MR, Felmingham D, Appelbaum PC et al. The Alexander Project 1998–2000: susceptibility of pathogens isolated from community-acquired respiratory tract infection to commonly used antimicrobial agents. J Antimicrob Chemother 2003; 52 (2): 229–46.
20. Thanaviratananich S, Laopaiboon M, Vatanasapt P. Once or twice daily versus three times daily amoxicillin with or without clavulanate for the treatment of acute otitis media. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008; 8 (4): CD004975.
21. Craig WA. Antimicrobial resistance issues of the future. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 1996; 25 (4): 213–7.
22. Jacobs MR. Building in efficacy: developing solutions to combat drug-resistant S. pneumonia. Clin Microbiol Infect 2004; 10 (Suppl. 2): 18–27.
23. Fonseca W, Hoppu K, Rey LC et al. Comparing pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin given twice or three times per day to children older than 3 months with pneumonia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003; 47 (3): 997–1001.
24. Bradley JS, Byington CL, Shah SS et al. The management of community-acquired pneumonia in infants and children older than 3 months of age: clinical practice guidelines by the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society and the 50 Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 2011; 53 (7): e25–76.
2. Prakticheskoe rukovodstvo po antiinfektsionnoi khimioterapii. Pod red. L.S.Strachunskogo, Iu.B.Belousova, S.N.Kozlova. Smolensk: MAKMAKh, 2007. [in Russian]
3. Antibiotic and chemotherapy. Edited by R.G.Finch, D.Greenwood, S.R.Norrby, R.J.Whitley. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 2010; p. 859.
4. Williams JD. Importance of beta-lactamases and clinical implications of their inhibitors. Drugs 1998; 35: 3–11.
5. Drawz SM, Bonomo RA. Three decades of beta-lactamase inhibitors. Clin Microbiol Rev 2010; 23 (1): 160–201.
6. http://grls.rosminzdrav.ru
7. Baranov A.A., Bogomil'skii M.R., Volkov I.K. i dr. Primenenie antibiotikov u detei v ambulatornoi praktike: prakticheskie rekomendatsii. KMAKh. 2007; 9 (3): 200–10. [in Russian]
8. Gerber MA, Baltimore RS, Eaton CB et al. Prevention of Rheumatic Fever and Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Streptococcal Pharyngitis: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease Committee of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, the Interdisciplinary Council on Functional Genomics and Translational Biology, and the Interdisciplinary Council on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research: Endorsed by the American Academy of Pediatrics. Circulation 2009; 119: 1541–51.
9. Brook I. Treatment of patients with acute recurrent tonsillitis due to group A beta-haemolytic streptococci: a prospective randomized study comparing penicillin and amoxycillin/clavulanate potassium. J Antimicrob Chemother 1989; 24 (2): 227–33.
10. Asensi F, Lopez-Hontangas JL, Otero M et al. Comparison between penicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid for the treatment of recurrent tonsillopharyngitis in childhood. Rev Esp Quimioter 1999; 12 (3): 211–4.
11. Easton J, Noble S, Perry CM. Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid: a review of its use in the management of paediatric patients with acute otitis media. Drugs 2003; 63 (3): 311–40.
12. Tapiainen T, Kujala T, Renko M et al. Effect of antimicrobial treatment of acute otitis media on the daily disappearance of middle ear effusion: a placebo-controlled trial. JAMA Pediatr 2014; 168 (7): 635–41.
13. Fokkens WJ, Lund VJ, Mullol J et al. European Position Paper on Nasal Polyps 2007. Rhinology 2007; 45 (Suppl. 20): 1–139.
14. Harris M, Clark J, Coote N et al. British Thoracic Society guidelines for the management of community acquired pneumonia in children: update 2011. Thorax 2011; 66 (Suppl.): 2–23.
15. Bansal A, Singhi SC, Jayashree M. Penicillin and gentamicin therapy vs amoxicillin/clavulanate in severe hypoxemic pneumonia. Indian J Pediatr 2006; 73 (4): 305–9.
16. Ribeiro CF, Ferrari GF, Fioretto JR. Antibiotic treatment schemes for very severe community-acquired pneumonia in children: a randomized clinical study. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2011; 29 (6): 444–50.
17. Kozlov R.S., Sivaia O.V., Krechikova O.I. i dr. Dinamika rezistentnosti Streptococcus pneumoniae k antibiotikam v Rossii za period 1999–2009 gg. Klin. mikrobiologiia, antimikrobnaia khimioterapiia. 2010; 12 (4): 329–41. [in Russian]
18. Rosenbulut A, Santolaya ME, Gonzalez P et al. Penicillin resistance is not extrapolable to amoxicillin resistance in Streptococcus pneumonia isolated from middle ear fluid in children with acute otitis media. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2006; 115 (3): 186–90.
19. Jacobs MR, Felmingham D, Appelbaum PC et al. The Alexander Project 1998–2000: susceptibility of pathogens isolated from community-acquired respiratory tract infection to commonly used antimicrobial agents. J Antimicrob Chemother 2003; 52 (2): 229–46.
20. Thanaviratananich S, Laopaiboon M, Vatanasapt P. Once or twice daily versus three times daily amoxicillin with or without clavulanate for the treatment of acute otitis media. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008; 8 (4): CD004975.
21. Craig WA. Antimicrobial resistance issues of the future. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 1996; 25 (4): 213–7.
22. Jacobs MR. Building in efficacy: developing solutions to combat drug-resistant S. pneumonia. Clin Microbiol Infect 2004; 10 (Suppl. 2): 18–27.
23. Fonseca W, Hoppu K, Rey LC et al. Comparing pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin given twice or three times per day to children older than 3 months with pneumonia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003; 47 (3): 997–1001.
24. Bradley JS, Byington CL, Shah SS et al. The management of community-acquired pneumonia in infants and children older than 3 months of age: clinical practice guidelines by the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society and the 50 Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 2011; 53 (7): e25–76.
2. Практическое руководство по антиинфекционной химиотерапии. Под ред. Л.С.Страчунского, Ю.Б.Белоусова, С.Н.Козлова. Смоленск: МАКМАХ, 2007. / Prakticheskoe rukovodstvo po antiinfektsionnoi khimioterapii. Pod red. L.S.Strachunskogo, Iu.B.Belousova, S.N.Kozlova. Smolensk: MAKMAKh, 2007. [in Russian]
3. Antibiotic and chemotherapy. Edited by R.G.Finch, D.Greenwood, S.R.Norrby, R.J.Whitley. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 2010; p. 859.
4. Williams JD. Importance of beta-lactamases and clinical implications of their inhibitors. Drugs 1998; 35: 3–11.
5. Drawz SM, Bonomo RA. Three decades of beta-lactamase inhibitors. Clin Microbiol Rev 2010; 23 (1): 160–201.
6. http://grls.rosminzdrav.ru
7. Баранов А.А., Богомильский М.Р., Волков И.К. и др. Применение антибиотиков у детей в амбулаторной практике: практические рекомендации. КМАХ. 2007; 9 (3): 200–10. / Baranov A.A., Bogomil'skii M.R., Volkov I.K. i dr. Primenenie antibiotikov u detei v ambulatornoi praktike: prakticheskie rekomendatsii. KMAKh. 2007; 9 (3): 200–10. [in Russian]
8. Gerber MA, Baltimore RS, Eaton CB et al. Prevention of Rheumatic Fever and Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Streptococcal Pharyngitis: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease Committee of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, the Interdisciplinary Council on Functional Genomics and Translational Biology, and the Interdisciplinary Council on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research: Endorsed by the American Academy of Pediatrics. Circulation 2009; 119: 1541–51.
9. Brook I. Treatment of patients with acute recurrent tonsillitis due to group A beta-haemolytic streptococci: a prospective randomized study comparing penicillin and amoxycillin/clavulanate potassium. J Antimicrob Chemother 1989; 24 (2): 227–33.
10. Asensi F, Lopez-Hontangas JL, Otero M et al. Comparison between penicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid for the treatment of recurrent tonsillopharyngitis in childhood. Rev Esp Quimioter 1999; 12 (3): 211–4.
11. Easton J, Noble S, Perry CM. Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid: a review of its use in the management of paediatric patients with acute otitis media. Drugs 2003; 63 (3): 311–40.
12. Tapiainen T, Kujala T, Renko M et al. Effect of antimicrobial treatment of acute otitis media on the daily disappearance of middle ear effusion: a placebo-controlled trial. JAMA Pediatr 2014; 168 (7): 635–41.
13. Fokkens WJ, Lund VJ, Mullol J et al. European Position Paper on Nasal Polyps 2007. Rhinology 2007; 45 (Suppl. 20): 1–139.
14. Harris M, Clark J, Coote N et al. British Thoracic Society guidelines for the management of community acquired pneumonia in children: update 2011. Thorax 2011; 66 (Suppl.): 2–23.
15. Bansal A, Singhi SC, Jayashree M. Penicillin and gentamicin therapy vs amoxicillin/clavulanate in severe hypoxemic pneumonia. Indian J Pediatr 2006; 73 (4): 305–9.
16. Ribeiro CF, Ferrari GF, Fioretto JR. Antibiotic treatment schemes for very severe community-acquired pneumonia in children: a randomized clinical study. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2011; 29 (6): 444–50.
17. Козлов Р.С., Сивая О.В., Кречикова О.И. и др. Динамика резистентности Streptococcus pneumoniae к антибиотикам в России за период 1999–2009 гг. Клин. микробиология, антимикробная химиотерапия. 2010; 12 (4): 329–41. / Kozlov R.S., Sivaia O.V., Krechikova O.I. i dr. Dinamika rezistentnosti Streptococcus pneumoniae k antibiotikam v Rossii za period 1999–2009 gg. Klin. mikrobiologiia, antimikrobnaia khimioterapiia. 2010; 12 (4): 329–41. [in Russian]
18. Rosenbulut A, Santolaya ME, Gonzalez P et al. Penicillin resistance is not extrapolable to amoxicillin resistance in Streptococcus pneumonia isolated from middle ear fluid in children with acute otitis media. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2006; 115 (3): 186–90.
19. Jacobs MR, Felmingham D, Appelbaum PC et al. The Alexander Project 1998–2000: susceptibility of pathogens isolated from community-acquired respiratory tract infection to commonly used antimicrobial agents. J Antimicrob Chemother 2003; 52 (2): 229–46.
20. Thanaviratananich S, Laopaiboon M, Vatanasapt P. Once or twice daily versus three times daily amoxicillin with or without clavulanate for the treatment of acute otitis media. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008; 8 (4): CD004975.
21. Craig WA. Antimicrobial resistance issues of the future. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 1996; 25 (4): 213–7.
22. Jacobs MR. Building in efficacy: developing solutions to combat drug-resistant S. pneumonia. Clin Microbiol Infect 2004; 10 (Suppl. 2): 18–27.
23. Fonseca W, Hoppu K, Rey LC et al. Comparing pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin given twice or three times per day to children older than 3 months with pneumonia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003; 47 (3): 997–1001.
24. Bradley JS, Byington CL, Shah SS et al. The management of community-acquired pneumonia in infants and children older than 3 months of age: clinical practice guidelines by the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society and the 50 Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 2011; 53 (7): e25–76.
________________________________________________
2. Prakticheskoe rukovodstvo po antiinfektsionnoi khimioterapii. Pod red. L.S.Strachunskogo, Iu.B.Belousova, S.N.Kozlova. Smolensk: MAKMAKh, 2007. [in Russian]
3. Antibiotic and chemotherapy. Edited by R.G.Finch, D.Greenwood, S.R.Norrby, R.J.Whitley. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 2010; p. 859.
4. Williams JD. Importance of beta-lactamases and clinical implications of their inhibitors. Drugs 1998; 35: 3–11.
5. Drawz SM, Bonomo RA. Three decades of beta-lactamase inhibitors. Clin Microbiol Rev 2010; 23 (1): 160–201.
6. http://grls.rosminzdrav.ru
7. Baranov A.A., Bogomil'skii M.R., Volkov I.K. i dr. Primenenie antibiotikov u detei v ambulatornoi praktike: prakticheskie rekomendatsii. KMAKh. 2007; 9 (3): 200–10. [in Russian]
8. Gerber MA, Baltimore RS, Eaton CB et al. Prevention of Rheumatic Fever and Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Streptococcal Pharyngitis: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease Committee of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, the Interdisciplinary Council on Functional Genomics and Translational Biology, and the Interdisciplinary Council on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research: Endorsed by the American Academy of Pediatrics. Circulation 2009; 119: 1541–51.
9. Brook I. Treatment of patients with acute recurrent tonsillitis due to group A beta-haemolytic streptococci: a prospective randomized study comparing penicillin and amoxycillin/clavulanate potassium. J Antimicrob Chemother 1989; 24 (2): 227–33.
10. Asensi F, Lopez-Hontangas JL, Otero M et al. Comparison between penicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid for the treatment of recurrent tonsillopharyngitis in childhood. Rev Esp Quimioter 1999; 12 (3): 211–4.
11. Easton J, Noble S, Perry CM. Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid: a review of its use in the management of paediatric patients with acute otitis media. Drugs 2003; 63 (3): 311–40.
12. Tapiainen T, Kujala T, Renko M et al. Effect of antimicrobial treatment of acute otitis media on the daily disappearance of middle ear effusion: a placebo-controlled trial. JAMA Pediatr 2014; 168 (7): 635–41.
13. Fokkens WJ, Lund VJ, Mullol J et al. European Position Paper on Nasal Polyps 2007. Rhinology 2007; 45 (Suppl. 20): 1–139.
14. Harris M, Clark J, Coote N et al. British Thoracic Society guidelines for the management of community acquired pneumonia in children: update 2011. Thorax 2011; 66 (Suppl.): 2–23.
15. Bansal A, Singhi SC, Jayashree M. Penicillin and gentamicin therapy vs amoxicillin/clavulanate in severe hypoxemic pneumonia. Indian J Pediatr 2006; 73 (4): 305–9.
16. Ribeiro CF, Ferrari GF, Fioretto JR. Antibiotic treatment schemes for very severe community-acquired pneumonia in children: a randomized clinical study. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2011; 29 (6): 444–50.
17. Kozlov R.S., Sivaia O.V., Krechikova O.I. i dr. Dinamika rezistentnosti Streptococcus pneumoniae k antibiotikam v Rossii za period 1999–2009 gg. Klin. mikrobiologiia, antimikrobnaia khimioterapiia. 2010; 12 (4): 329–41. [in Russian]
18. Rosenbulut A, Santolaya ME, Gonzalez P et al. Penicillin resistance is not extrapolable to amoxicillin resistance in Streptococcus pneumonia isolated from middle ear fluid in children with acute otitis media. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2006; 115 (3): 186–90.
19. Jacobs MR, Felmingham D, Appelbaum PC et al. The Alexander Project 1998–2000: susceptibility of pathogens isolated from community-acquired respiratory tract infection to commonly used antimicrobial agents. J Antimicrob Chemother 2003; 52 (2): 229–46.
20. Thanaviratananich S, Laopaiboon M, Vatanasapt P. Once or twice daily versus three times daily amoxicillin with or without clavulanate for the treatment of acute otitis media. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008; 8 (4): CD004975.
21. Craig WA. Antimicrobial resistance issues of the future. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 1996; 25 (4): 213–7.
22. Jacobs MR. Building in efficacy: developing solutions to combat drug-resistant S. pneumonia. Clin Microbiol Infect 2004; 10 (Suppl. 2): 18–27.
23. Fonseca W, Hoppu K, Rey LC et al. Comparing pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin given twice or three times per day to children older than 3 months with pneumonia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003; 47 (3): 997–1001.
24. Bradley JS, Byington CL, Shah SS et al. The management of community-acquired pneumonia in infants and children older than 3 months of age: clinical practice guidelines by the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society and the 50 Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 2011; 53 (7): e25–76.
Авторы
И.А.Дронов*1, Д.П.Поляков2
1 ГБОУ ВПО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М.Сеченова Минздрава России. 119991, Россия, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2;
2 ФГБУ Научно-клинический центр оториноларингологии ФМБА России. 123182, Россия, Москва, Волоколамское ш., д. 30, корп. 2
*dronow@yandex.ru
1 I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 119991, Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. Trubetskaia d. 8, str . 1;
2 Research and Clinical Center of otorhinolaryngology. 123182, Russian Federation, Moscow, Volokolamskoe sh., d. 30, korp. 2
*dronow@yandex.ru
1 ГБОУ ВПО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М.Сеченова Минздрава России. 119991, Россия, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2;
2 ФГБУ Научно-клинический центр оториноларингологии ФМБА России. 123182, Россия, Москва, Волоколамское ш., д. 30, корп. 2
*dronow@yandex.ru
________________________________________________
1 I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 119991, Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. Trubetskaia d. 8, str . 1;
2 Research and Clinical Center of otorhinolaryngology. 123182, Russian Federation, Moscow, Volokolamskoe sh., d. 30, korp. 2
*dronow@yandex.ru
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