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Синдром обструктивного апноэ сна и сердечно-сосудистые события
Синдром обструктивного апноэ сна и сердечно-сосудистые события
Литвин А.Ю., Михайлова О.О., Елфимова Е.М., Чазова И.Е. Синдром обструктивного апноэ сна и сердечно-сосудистые события. Consilium Medicum. 2016; 18 (1): 83–87. DOI: 10.26442/2075-1753_2016.1.83-87
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Материалы доступны только для специалистов сферы здравоохранения. Авторизуйтесь или зарегистрируйтесь.
Аннотация
Данные эпидемиологических и рандомизированных клинических исследований убедительно показывают, что синдром обструктивного апноэ сна (СОАС) – распространенный, поддающийся лечению фактор риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Существуют многочисленные работы, подтверждающие отрицательное влияние СОАС на прогноз сердечно-сосудистой заболеваемости и смертности. Настоящий обзор сфокусирован на современных данных, свидетельствующих в пользу взаимосвязи СОАС и хронической ишемической болезни сердца, острого коронарного синдрома, а также инсульта. В статье рассматриваются работы, оценивавшие влияние СИПАП-терапии (CPAP – continuous positive airway pressure) на снижение смертности и частоту развития сердечно-сосудистых событий у кардиологических пациентов с СОАС. Лечение СОАС посредством СИПАП-терапии взаимосвязано с уменьшением фатальных и нефатальных сердечно-сосудистых событий. В то же время все еще не разработаны четкие доказательно обоснованные рекомендации назначения СИПАП-терапии асимптомным больным с диагностированным СОАС.
Ключевые слова: синдром обструктивного апноэ сна, ишемическая болезнь сердца, острый коронарный синдром, острое нарушение мозгового кровообращения, клиника, диагностика, патогенез, лечение, СИПАП-терапия.
Key words: obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, ischemic heart disease, acute coronary syndrome, acute cerebral vascular accident, clinical findings, diagnosis, pathogenesis, treatment, CPAP therapy.
Ключевые слова: синдром обструктивного апноэ сна, ишемическая болезнь сердца, острый коронарный синдром, острое нарушение мозгового кровообращения, клиника, диагностика, патогенез, лечение, СИПАП-терапия.
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Key words: obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, ischemic heart disease, acute coronary syndrome, acute cerebral vascular accident, clinical findings, diagnosis, pathogenesis, treatment, CPAP therapy.
Полный текст
Список литературы
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2. Bassetti CL, Milanova M, Gugger M. Sleep-disordered breathing and acute ischemic stroke: diagnosis, risk factors, treatment, evolution, and long-term clinical outcome. Stroke 2006; 37: 967–72.
3. Logan AG, Perlikowski SM, Mente A et al. High prevalence of unrecognized sleep apnoea in drug-resistant hypertension. J Hypertens 2001; 19: 2271–7.
4. Mann GCV. Obstructive sleep apnea. Diagnosis and treatment. Med Clin North Am 1996; 80: 803–20.
5. Deegan PC, McNicholas WT. Pathophysiology of obstructive sleep apnoea. Eur Respir J 1995; 8: 1161–78.
6. Johns MV. Daytime sleepiness, snoring, and obstructive sleep apnea. The Epworth Sleeping Scale. Chest 1993; 103: 30–6.
7. Nieto FJ, Young TB, Lind BK et al. Association of sleep-disordered breathing, sleep apnea, and hypertension in a large community-based study. Sleep Heart Health Study. JAMA 2000; 283: 1829–36.
8. Peppard PE, Young T, Palta M, Skatrud J. Prospective study of the association between sleep-disordered breathing and hypertension. N Engl J Med 2000; 342: 1378–84.
9. Marin JM, Corrizo SJ, Vicente E, Agusti AGN. Long-term cardiovascular outcomes in men with obstructive sleep apnoea-hypopnoea with or without treatment with continuous positive airway pressure: an observational study. Lancet 2005; 365: 1046–53.
10. Mehra R, Benjamin EJ, Shahar E et al. Association of nocturnal arrhythmias with sleep-disordered breathing: the Sleep Heart Health Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006; 173: 910–6.
11. Yaggi HK, Concato J, Kernan WN et al. Obstructive sleep apnea as a risk factor for stroke and death. N Engl J Med 2005; 353: 2034–41.
12. Somers VK, White DP, Amin R, et al. Sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease: an American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Foundation Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association Council for High Blood Pressure Research Professional Education Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology, Stroke Council, and Council on Cardiovascular Nursing. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008; 52: 686–717.
13. Bradley TD, Floras JS. Obstructive sleep apnoea and its cardiovascular consequences. Lancet 2009; 373: 82–93.
14. Kasai T, Bradley TD. Obstructive sleep apnea and heart failure: pathophysiologic and therapeutic implications. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011; 57: 119–27.
15. Milleron O, Pilliere R, Foucher A et al. Benefits of obstructive sleep apnoea treatment in coronary artery disease: a long-term follow-up study. Eur Heart J 2004; 25: 728–34.
16. Cassar A, Morgenthaler TI, Lennon RJ et al. Treatment of obstructive sleep apnea is associated with decreased cardiac death after percutaneous coronary intervention. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007; 50: 1310–4.
17. Ryan CM, Bayley M, Green R et al. Influence of continuous positive airway pressure on outcomes of rehabilitation in stroke patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Stroke 2011; 42: 1062–7.
18. Punjabi NM. The epidemiology of adult obstructive sleep apnea. Proc Am Thorac Soc 2008; 5: 136–43.
19. Mooe T, Rabben T, Wiklund U et al. Sleep-disordered breathing in men with coronary artery disease. Chest 1996; 109 (3): 659–63.
20. De Olazabal JR, Miller MJ, Cook WR, Mithoefer JC. Disordered breathing and hypoxia during sleep in coronary artery disease. Chest 1982; 82 (5): 548–52.
21. Sebel J, Kolenda D. Pra¨valenz der obstruktiven Schlafapnoe bei Patienten mit koronarer Herzerkrankung. Herz Kreis 1995; 27: 153–8.
22. Andreas S, Schulz R, Werner GS, Kreuzer H. Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea in patients with coronary artery disease. Coron Artery Dis 1996; 7 (7): 541–5.
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24. Koehler U, Schafer H. An independent association between obstructive sleep apnoea and coronary artery disease. Is obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) a risk factor for myocardial infarction and cardiac arrhythmias in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD)? Sleep 1996; 19 (4): 283–6.
25. Schafer H, Koehler U, Ewig S et al. Obstructive sleep apnea as a risk marker in coronary artery disease. Cardiology 1999; 92 (2): 79–84.
26. Sanner B, Sturm A, Konermann M. Coronary heart disease in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1996; 121 (30): 931–5.
27. Mooe T, Franklin KA, Wiklund U et al. Sleep-disordered breathing and myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease. Chest 2000; 117 (6): 1597–602.
28. Schafer H, Koehler U, Ploch T, Peter JH. Sleep-related myocardial ischemia and sleep structure in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and coronary heart disease. Chest 1997; 111 (2): 387–93.
29. Shahar E, Whitney CW, Redline S et al. Sleep-disordered breathing and cardiovascular disease: cross-sectional results of the Sleep Heart Health Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 163: 19–25.
30. Gottlieb DJ, Yenokyan G, Newman AB et al. Prospective study of obstructive sleep apnea and incident coronary heart disease and heart failure: the sleep heart health study. Circulation 2010; 122: 352–60.
31. Punjabi NM, Caffo BS, Goodwin JL et al. Sleep-disordered breathing and mortality: A prospective cohort study. PLoS Med 2009; 6: e1000132.
32. Shah NA, Yaggi HK, Concato J, Mohsenin V. Obstructive sleep apnea as a risk factor for coronary events or cardiovascular death. Sleep Breath 2010; 14: 131–6.
33. Yumino D, Tsurumi Y, Takagi A et al. Impact of obstructive sleep apnea on clinical and angiographic outcomes following percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Am J Cardiol 2007; 99: 26–30.
34. Hanly P, Sasson Z, Zuberi N, Lunn K. ST-segment depression during sleep in obstructive sleep apnea. Am J Cardiol 1993; 71 (15): 1341–5.
35. Alonso-Fernandez A, Garcia-Rio F, Racionero MA et al. Cardiac rhythm disturbances and ST-segment depression episodes in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome and its mechanisms. Chest 2005; 127 (1): 15–22.
36. Andreas S, Hajak G, Natt P et al. ST segmental changes and arrhythmias in obstructive sleep apnea. Pneumologie 1991; 45 (9): 720–4.
37. Bradley TD, Hall MJ, Ando S, Floras JS. Hemodynamic effects of simulated obstructive apneas in humans with and without heart failure. Chest 2001; 119: 1827–35.
38. Bradley TD, Tkacova R, Hall MJ et al. Augmented sympathetic neural response to simulated obstructive apnoea in human heart failure. Clin Sci (Lond) 2003; 104: 231–8.
39. Peker Y, Hedner J, Norum J et al. Increased incidence of cardiovascular disease in middle-aged men with obstructive sleep apnea: a 7-year follow-up. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 166 (2): 159–65.
40. Peker Y, Carlson J, Hedner J. Increased incidence of coronary artery disease in sleep apnoea: a long-term follow-up. Eur Respir J 2006; 28 (3): 596–602.
41. Konecny T, Kuniyoshi FAS, Orban M et al. Under-diagnosis of sleep apnea in patients after acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010; 56: 742–3.
42. Hung J, Whitford EG, Parsons RW, Hillman DR. Association of sleep apnoea with myocardial infarction in men. Lancet 1990; 336 (8710): 261–4.
43. Junker-Neff A, Eberle R, Arnim T et al. Is there an association between the sleep apnea syndrome and the circadian peak of myocardial infarction in the morning hours? Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2005; 130 (49): 2818–22.
44. Aboyans V, Cassat C, Lacroix P et al. Is the morning peak of acute myocardial infarction’s onset due to sleep-related breathing disorders? A prospective study. Cardiology 2000; 94 (3): 188–92.
45. Koehler U, Trautmann M, Trautmann R et al. Does sleep apnea increase the risk of myocardial infarct during sleep? Z Kardiol 1999; 88 (6): 410–7.
46. Somers VK, Dyken ME, Clary MP, Abboud FM. Sympathetic neural mechanisms in obstructive sleep apnea. J Clin Invest 1995; 96 (4): 1897–904.
47. Shah N, Redline S, Yaggi HK et al. Obstructive sleep apnea and acute myocardial infarction severity: ischemic preconditioning? Sleep Breath 2013; 17 (2): 819–26.
48. Franklin KA, Nilsson JB, Sahlin C, Naslund U. Sleep apnoea and nocturnal angina. Lancet 1995; 345: 1085–7.
49. Doherty LS, Kiely JL, Swan V, McNicholas WT. Long-term effects of nasal continuous positive airway pressure therapy on cardiovascular outcomes in sleep apnea syndrome. Chest 2005; 127 (6): 2076–84.
50. Young T, Palta M, Dempsey J et al. The occurrence of sleep-disordered breathing among middle-aged adults. N Engl J Med 1993; 328 (17): 1230–5.
51. Young T, Shahar E, Nieto FJ et al. Predictors of sleep-disordered breathing in community-dwelling adults: the Sleep Heart Health Study. Arch Intern Med 2002; 162 (8): 893–900.
52. Franklin KA, Gislason T, Omenaas E et al. The influence of active and passive smoking on habitual snoring. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004; 170 (7): 799–803.
53. Eisensehr I, Ehrenberg BL, Noachtar S et al. Platelet activation, epinephrine, and blood pressure in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Neurology 1998; 51 (1): 188–95.
54. Kohler U et al. Herzrhythmusstorungen bei Schlafapnoe. Erhohtes kardiovaskulares Risk durch nachtliche Arrhythmien? Fortschr Med 1998; 116 (16): 28–31.
55. Friedlander AH, Friedlander IK, Yueh R, Littner MR. The prevalence of carotid atheromas seen on panoramic radiographs of patients with obstructive sleep apnea and their relation to risk factors for atherosclerosis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1999; 57 (5): 516–21; discussion 521–2.
56. Minoguchi K, Yokoe T, Tazaki T et al. Silent brain infarction and platelet activation in obstructive sleep apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007; 175: 612–7.
57. Arzt M, Young T, Finn L et al. Association of sleep-disordered breathing and the occurrence of stroke. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 172: 1447–51.
58. Palomaki H, Partinen M, Erkinjuntti T, Kaste M. Snoring, sleep apnea syndrome, and stroke. Neurology 1992; 42 (Suppl. 6): 75–81.
59. Partinen M, Palomaki H. Snoring and cerebral infarction. Lancet 1985; 2: 1325–6.
60. Cho JG, Witting PK, Verma M et al. Tissue vibration induces carotid artery endothelial dysfunction: a mechanism linking snoring and carotid atherosclerosis? Sleep 2011; 34: 751–7.
61. Redline S, Yenokyan G, Gottlieb DJ et al. Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea and incident stroke: the sleep heart health study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2010; 182: 269–77.
62. Munoz R, Duran-Cantolla J, Martinez-Vila E et al. Severe sleep apnea and risk of ischemic stroke in the elderly. Stroke 2006; 37: 2317–21.
63. Valham F, Mooe T, Rabben T et al. Increased risk of stroke in patients with coronary artery disease and sleep apnea: a 10-year follow-up. Circulation 2008; 118: 955–60.
64. Netzer N, Werner P, Jochums I et al. Blood flow of the middle cerebral artery with sleep-disordered breathing: correlation with obstructive hypopneas. Stroke 1998; 29 (1): 87–93.
65. Guilleminault C, Connolly SJ, Winkle RA. Cardiac arrhythmia and conduction disturbances during sleep in 400 patients with sleep apnea syndrome. Am J Cardiol 1983; 52: 490–4.
66. Mooe T, Gullsby S, Rabben T, Eriksson P. Sleep-disordered breathing: a novel predictor of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass surgery. Coron Artery Dis 1996; 7: 475–8.
67. Rostagno C, Taddei T, Paladini B et al. The onset of symptomatic atrial fibrillation and paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia is characterized by different circadian rhythms. Am J Cardiol 1993; 71: 453–5.
68. Yamashita T, Murakawa Y, Sezaki K et al. Circadian variation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Circulation 1997; 96: 1537–41.
69. Koshino Y, Satoh M, Katayose Y et al. Association of sleep-disordered breathing and ventricular arrhythmias in patients without heart failure. Am J Cardiol 2008; 101: 882–6.
70. Stevenson IH, Teichtahl H, Cunnington D et al. Prevalence of sleep disordered breathing in paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation patients with normal left ventricular function. Eur Heart J 2008; 29: 1662–9.
71. Lee SA, Amis TC, Byth K et al. Heavy snoring as a cause of carotid artery atherosclerosis. Sleep 2008; 31: 1207–13.
72. Brown DL. Sleep disorders and stroke. Semin Neurol 2006; 26: 117–22.
73. Yaggi H, Mohsenin V. Obstructive sleep apnoea and stroke. Lancet Neurol 2004; 3: 333–42.
74. Htoo AK, Greenberg H, Tongia S et al. Activation of nuclear factor kappa B in obstructive sleep apnea: a pathway leading to systemic inflammation. Sleep Breath 2006; 10: 43–50
75. Yan-Fang S, Yu-ping W. Sleep-disordered breathing: impact on functional outcome of ischemic stroke patients. Sleep Med 2009; 10: 717–9.
76. Good DC, Henkle JQ, Gelber D et al. Sleep-disordered breathing and poor functional outcome after stroke. Stroke 1996; 27: 252–9.
77. Kaneko Y, Hajek VE, Zivanovic V et al. Relationship of sleep apnea to functional capacity and length of hospitalization following stroke. Sleep 2003; 26: 293–7.
78. Sahlin C, Sandberg O, Gustafson Y et al. Obstructive sleep apnea is a risk factor for death in patients with stroke: a 10-year follow-up. Arch Intern Med 2008; 168: 297–301.
79. Sandberg O, Franklin KA, Bucht G et al. Nasal continuous positive airway pressure in stroke patients with sleep apnoea: a randomized treatment study. Eur Respir J 2001; 18: 630–4.
80. Hsu CY, Vennelle M, Li HY et al. Sleep-disordered breathing after stroke: a randomised controlled trial of continuous positive airway pressure. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2006; 77: 1143–9.
81. Martinez-Garcia MA, Soler-Cataluna JJ, Ejarque-Martinez L et al. Continuous positive airway pressure treatment reduces mortality in patients with ischemic stroke and obstructive sleep apnea: a 5-year follow-up study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009; 180: 36–41.
82. American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Guidelines for the Prevention of Stroke in Patients With Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack. Stroke 2014; 45: 210–36.
2. Bassetti CL, Milanova M, Gugger M. Sleep-disordered breathing and acute ischemic stroke: diagnosis, risk factors, treatment, evolution, and long-term clinical outcome. Stroke 2006; 37: 967–72.
3. Logan AG, Perlikowski SM, Mente A et al. High prevalence of unrecognized sleep apnoea in drug-resistant hypertension. J Hypertens 2001; 19: 2271–7.
4. Mann GCV. Obstructive sleep apnea. Diagnosis and treatment. Med Clin North Am 1996; 80: 803–20.
5. Deegan PC, McNicholas WT. Pathophysiology of obstructive sleep apnoea. Eur Respir J 1995; 8: 1161–78.
6. Johns MV. Daytime sleepiness, snoring, and obstructive sleep apnea. The Epworth Sleeping Scale. Chest 1993; 103: 30–6.
7. Nieto FJ, Young TB, Lind BK et al. Association of sleep-disordered breathing, sleep apnea, and hypertension in a large community-based study. Sleep Heart Health Study. JAMA 2000; 283: 1829–36.
8. Peppard PE, Young T, Palta M, Skatrud J. Prospective study of the association between sleep-disordered breathing and hypertension. N Engl J Med 2000; 342: 1378–84.
9. Marin JM, Corrizo SJ, Vicente E, Agusti AGN. Long-term cardiovascular outcomes in men with obstructive sleep apnoea-hypopnoea with or without treatment with continuous positive airway pressure: an observational study. Lancet 2005; 365: 1046–53.
10. Mehra R, Benjamin EJ, Shahar E et al. Association of nocturnal arrhythmias with sleep-disordered breathing: the Sleep Heart Health Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006; 173: 910–6.
11. Yaggi HK, Concato J, Kernan WN et al. Obstructive sleep apnea as a risk factor for stroke and death. N Engl J Med 2005; 353: 2034–41.
12. Somers VK, White DP, Amin R, et al. Sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease: an American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Foundation Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association Council for High Blood Pressure Research Professional Education Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology, Stroke Council, and Council on Cardiovascular Nursing. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008; 52: 686–717.
13. Bradley TD, Floras JS. Obstructive sleep apnoea and its cardiovascular consequences. Lancet 2009; 373: 82–93.
14. Kasai T, Bradley TD. Obstructive sleep apnea and heart failure: pathophysiologic and therapeutic implications. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011; 57: 119–27.
15. Milleron O, Pilliere R, Foucher A et al. Benefits of obstructive sleep apnoea treatment in coronary artery disease: a long-term follow-up study. Eur Heart J 2004; 25: 728–34.
16. Cassar A, Morgenthaler TI, Lennon RJ et al. Treatment of obstructive sleep apnea is associated with decreased cardiac death after percutaneous coronary intervention. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007; 50: 1310–4.
17. Ryan CM, Bayley M, Green R et al. Influence of continuous positive airway pressure on outcomes of rehabilitation in stroke patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Stroke 2011; 42: 1062–7.
18. Punjabi NM. The epidemiology of adult obstructive sleep apnea. Proc Am Thorac Soc 2008; 5: 136–43.
19. Mooe T, Rabben T, Wiklund U et al. Sleep-disordered breathing in men with coronary artery disease. Chest 1996; 109 (3): 659–63.
20. De Olazabal JR, Miller MJ, Cook WR, Mithoefer JC. Disordered breathing and hypoxia during sleep in coronary artery disease. Chest 1982; 82 (5): 548–52.
21. Sebel J, Kolenda D. Pra¨valenz der obstruktiven Schlafapnoe bei Patienten mit koronarer Herzerkrankung. Herz Kreis 1995; 27: 153–8.
22. Andreas S, Schulz R, Werner GS, Kreuzer H. Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea in patients with coronary artery disease. Coron Artery Dis 1996; 7 (7): 541–5.
23. Peker Y, Kraiczi H, Hedner J et al. An independent association between obstructive sleep apnoea and coronary artery disease. Eur Respir J 1999; 14 (1): 179–84.
24. Koehler U, Schafer H. An independent association between obstructive sleep apnoea and coronary artery disease. Is obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) a risk factor for myocardial infarction and cardiac arrhythmias in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD)? Sleep 1996; 19 (4): 283–6.
25. Schafer H, Koehler U, Ewig S et al. Obstructive sleep apnea as a risk marker in coronary artery disease. Cardiology 1999; 92 (2): 79–84.
26. Sanner B, Sturm A, Konermann M. Coronary heart disease in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1996; 121 (30): 931–5.
27. Mooe T, Franklin KA, Wiklund U et al. Sleep-disordered breathing and myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease. Chest 2000; 117 (6): 1597–602.
28. Schafer H, Koehler U, Ploch T, Peter JH. Sleep-related myocardial ischemia and sleep structure in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and coronary heart disease. Chest 1997; 111 (2): 387–93.
29. Shahar E, Whitney CW, Redline S et al. Sleep-disordered breathing and cardiovascular disease: cross-sectional results of the Sleep Heart Health Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 163: 19–25.
30. Gottlieb DJ, Yenokyan G, Newman AB et al. Prospective study of obstructive sleep apnea and incident coronary heart disease and heart failure: the sleep heart health study. Circulation 2010; 122: 352–60.
31. Punjabi NM, Caffo BS, Goodwin JL et al. Sleep-disordered breathing and mortality: A prospective cohort study. PLoS Med 2009; 6: e1000132.
32. Shah NA, Yaggi HK, Concato J, Mohsenin V. Obstructive sleep apnea as a risk factor for coronary events or cardiovascular death. Sleep Breath 2010; 14: 131–6.
33. Yumino D, Tsurumi Y, Takagi A et al. Impact of obstructive sleep apnea on clinical and angiographic outcomes following percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Am J Cardiol 2007; 99: 26–30.
34. Hanly P, Sasson Z, Zuberi N, Lunn K. ST-segment depression during sleep in obstructive sleep apnea. Am J Cardiol 1993; 71 (15): 1341–5.
35. Alonso-Fernandez A, Garcia-Rio F, Racionero MA et al. Cardiac rhythm disturbances and ST-segment depression episodes in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome and its mechanisms. Chest 2005; 127 (1): 15–22.
36. Andreas S, Hajak G, Natt P et al. ST segmental changes and arrhythmias in obstructive sleep apnea. Pneumologie 1991; 45 (9): 720–4.
37. Bradley TD, Hall MJ, Ando S, Floras JS. Hemodynamic effects of simulated obstructive apneas in humans with and without heart failure. Chest 2001; 119: 1827–35.
38. Bradley TD, Tkacova R, Hall MJ et al. Augmented sympathetic neural response to simulated obstructive apnoea in human heart failure. Clin Sci (Lond) 2003; 104: 231–8.
39. Peker Y, Hedner J, Norum J et al. Increased incidence of cardiovascular disease in middle-aged men with obstructive sleep apnea: a 7-year follow-up. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 166 (2): 159–65.
40. Peker Y, Carlson J, Hedner J. Increased incidence of coronary artery disease in sleep apnoea: a long-term follow-up. Eur Respir J 2006; 28 (3): 596–602.
41. Konecny T, Kuniyoshi FAS, Orban M et al. Under-diagnosis of sleep apnea in patients after acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010; 56: 742–3.
42. Hung J, Whitford EG, Parsons RW, Hillman DR. Association of sleep apnoea with myocardial infarction in men. Lancet 1990; 336 (8710): 261–4.
43. Junker-Neff A, Eberle R, Arnim T et al. Is there an association between the sleep apnea syndrome and the circadian peak of myocardial infarction in the morning hours? Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2005; 130 (49): 2818–22.
44. Aboyans V, Cassat C, Lacroix P et al. Is the morning peak of acute myocardial infarction’s onset due to sleep-related breathing disorders? A prospective study. Cardiology 2000; 94 (3): 188–92.
45. Koehler U, Trautmann M, Trautmann R et al. Does sleep apnea increase the risk of myocardial infarct during sleep? Z Kardiol 1999; 88 (6): 410–7.
46. Somers VK, Dyken ME, Clary MP, Abboud FM. Sympathetic neural mechanisms in obstructive sleep apnea. J Clin Invest 1995; 96 (4): 1897–904.
47. Shah N, Redline S, Yaggi HK et al. Obstructive sleep apnea and acute myocardial infarction severity: ischemic preconditioning? Sleep Breath 2013; 17 (2): 819–26.
48. Franklin KA, Nilsson JB, Sahlin C, Naslund U. Sleep apnoea and nocturnal angina. Lancet 1995; 345: 1085–7.
49. Doherty LS, Kiely JL, Swan V, McNicholas WT. Long-term effects of nasal continuous positive airway pressure therapy on cardiovascular outcomes in sleep apnea syndrome. Chest 2005; 127 (6): 2076–84.
50. Young T, Palta M, Dempsey J et al. The occurrence of sleep-disordered breathing among middle-aged adults. N Engl J Med 1993; 328 (17): 1230–5.
51. Young T, Shahar E, Nieto FJ et al. Predictors of sleep-disordered breathing in community-dwelling adults: the Sleep Heart Health Study. Arch Intern Med 2002; 162 (8): 893–900.
52. Franklin KA, Gislason T, Omenaas E et al. The influence of active and passive smoking on habitual snoring. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004; 170 (7): 799–803.
53. Eisensehr I, Ehrenberg BL, Noachtar S et al. Platelet activation, epinephrine, and blood pressure in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Neurology 1998; 51 (1): 188–95.
54. Kohler U et al. Herzrhythmusstorungen bei Schlafapnoe. Erhohtes kardiovaskulares Risk durch nachtliche Arrhythmien? Fortschr Med 1998; 116 (16): 28–31.
55. Friedlander AH, Friedlander IK, Yueh R, Littner MR. The prevalence of carotid atheromas seen on panoramic radiographs of patients with obstructive sleep apnea and their relation to risk factors for atherosclerosis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1999; 57 (5): 516–21; discussion 521–2.
56. Minoguchi K, Yokoe T, Tazaki T et al. Silent brain infarction and platelet activation in obstructive sleep apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007; 175: 612–7.
57. Arzt M, Young T, Finn L et al. Association of sleep-disordered breathing and the occurrence of stroke. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 172: 1447–51.
58. Palomaki H, Partinen M, Erkinjuntti T, Kaste M. Snoring, sleep apnea syndrome, and stroke. Neurology 1992; 42 (Suppl. 6): 75–81.
59. Partinen M, Palomaki H. Snoring and cerebral infarction. Lancet 1985; 2: 1325–6.
60. Cho JG, Witting PK, Verma M et al. Tissue vibration induces carotid artery endothelial dysfunction: a mechanism linking snoring and carotid atherosclerosis? Sleep 2011; 34: 751–7.
61. Redline S, Yenokyan G, Gottlieb DJ et al. Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea and incident stroke: the sleep heart health study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2010; 182: 269–77.
62. Munoz R, Duran-Cantolla J, Martinez-Vila E et al. Severe sleep apnea and risk of ischemic stroke in the elderly. Stroke 2006; 37: 2317–21.
63. Valham F, Mooe T, Rabben T et al. Increased risk of stroke in patients with coronary artery disease and sleep apnea: a 10-year follow-up. Circulation 2008; 118: 955–60.
64. Netzer N, Werner P, Jochums I et al. Blood flow of the middle cerebral artery with sleep-disordered breathing: correlation with obstructive hypopneas. Stroke 1998; 29 (1): 87–93.
65. Guilleminault C, Connolly SJ, Winkle RA. Cardiac arrhythmia and conduction disturbances during sleep in 400 patients with sleep apnea syndrome. Am J Cardiol 1983; 52: 490–4.
66. Mooe T, Gullsby S, Rabben T, Eriksson P. Sleep-disordered breathing: a novel predictor of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass surgery. Coron Artery Dis 1996; 7: 475–8.
67. Rostagno C, Taddei T, Paladini B et al. The onset of symptomatic atrial fibrillation and paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia is characterized by different circadian rhythms. Am J Cardiol 1993; 71: 453–5.
68. Yamashita T, Murakawa Y, Sezaki K et al. Circadian variation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Circulation 1997; 96: 1537–41.
69. Koshino Y, Satoh M, Katayose Y et al. Association of sleep-disordered breathing and ventricular arrhythmias in patients without heart failure. Am J Cardiol 2008; 101: 882–6.
70. Stevenson IH, Teichtahl H, Cunnington D et al. Prevalence of sleep disordered breathing in paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation patients with normal left ventricular function. Eur Heart J 2008; 29: 1662–9.
71. Lee SA, Amis TC, Byth K et al. Heavy snoring as a cause of carotid artery atherosclerosis. Sleep 2008; 31: 1207–13.
72. Brown DL. Sleep disorders and stroke. Semin Neurol 2006; 26: 117–22.
73. Yaggi H, Mohsenin V. Obstructive sleep apnoea and stroke. Lancet Neurol 2004; 3: 333–42.
74. Htoo AK, Greenberg H, Tongia S et al. Activation of nuclear factor kappa B in obstructive sleep apnea: a pathway leading to systemic inflammation. Sleep Breath 2006; 10: 43–50
75. Yan-Fang S, Yu-ping W. Sleep-disordered breathing: impact on functional outcome of ischemic stroke patients. Sleep Med 2009; 10: 717–9.
76. Good DC, Henkle JQ, Gelber D et al. Sleep-disordered breathing and poor functional outcome after stroke. Stroke 1996; 27: 252–9.
77. Kaneko Y, Hajek VE, Zivanovic V et al. Relationship of sleep apnea to functional capacity and length of hospitalization following stroke. Sleep 2003; 26: 293–7.
78. Sahlin C, Sandberg O, Gustafson Y et al. Obstructive sleep apnea is a risk factor for death in patients with stroke: a 10-year follow-up. Arch Intern Med 2008; 168: 297–301.
79. Sandberg O, Franklin KA, Bucht G et al. Nasal continuous positive airway pressure in stroke patients with sleep apnoea: a randomized treatment study. Eur Respir J 2001; 18: 630–4.
80. Hsu CY, Vennelle M, Li HY et al. Sleep-disordered breathing after stroke: a randomised controlled trial of continuous positive airway pressure. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2006; 77: 1143–9.
81. Martinez-Garcia MA, Soler-Cataluna JJ, Ejarque-Martinez L et al. Continuous positive airway pressure treatment reduces mortality in patients with ischemic stroke and obstructive sleep apnea: a 5-year follow-up study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009; 180: 36–41.
82. American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Guidelines for the Prevention of Stroke in Patients With Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack. Stroke 2014; 45: 210–36.
________________________________________________
2. Bassetti CL, Milanova M, Gugger M. Sleep-disordered breathing and acute ischemic stroke: diagnosis, risk factors, treatment, evolution, and long-term clinical outcome. Stroke 2006; 37: 967–72.
3. Logan AG, Perlikowski SM, Mente A et al. High prevalence of unrecognized sleep apnoea in drug-resistant hypertension. J Hypertens 2001; 19: 2271–7.
4. Mann GCV. Obstructive sleep apnea. Diagnosis and treatment. Med Clin North Am 1996; 80: 803–20.
5. Deegan PC, McNicholas WT. Pathophysiology of obstructive sleep apnoea. Eur Respir J 1995; 8: 1161–78.
6. Johns MV. Daytime sleepiness, snoring, and obstructive sleep apnea. The Epworth Sleeping Scale. Chest 1993; 103: 30–6.
7. Nieto FJ, Young TB, Lind BK et al. Association of sleep-disordered breathing, sleep apnea, and hypertension in a large community-based study. Sleep Heart Health Study. JAMA 2000; 283: 1829–36.
8. Peppard PE, Young T, Palta M, Skatrud J. Prospective study of the association between sleep-disordered breathing and hypertension. N Engl J Med 2000; 342: 1378–84.
9. Marin JM, Corrizo SJ, Vicente E, Agusti AGN. Long-term cardiovascular outcomes in men with obstructive sleep apnoea-hypopnoea with or without treatment with continuous positive airway pressure: an observational study. Lancet 2005; 365: 1046–53.
10. Mehra R, Benjamin EJ, Shahar E et al. Association of nocturnal arrhythmias with sleep-disordered breathing: the Sleep Heart Health Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006; 173: 910–6.
11. Yaggi HK, Concato J, Kernan WN et al. Obstructive sleep apnea as a risk factor for stroke and death. N Engl J Med 2005; 353: 2034–41.
12. Somers VK, White DP, Amin R, et al. Sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease: an American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Foundation Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association Council for High Blood Pressure Research Professional Education Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology, Stroke Council, and Council on Cardiovascular Nursing. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008; 52: 686–717.
13. Bradley TD, Floras JS. Obstructive sleep apnoea and its cardiovascular consequences. Lancet 2009; 373: 82–93.
14. Kasai T, Bradley TD. Obstructive sleep apnea and heart failure: pathophysiologic and therapeutic implications. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011; 57: 119–27.
15. Milleron O, Pilliere R, Foucher A et al. Benefits of obstructive sleep apnoea treatment in coronary artery disease: a long-term follow-up study. Eur Heart J 2004; 25: 728–34.
16. Cassar A, Morgenthaler TI, Lennon RJ et al. Treatment of obstructive sleep apnea is associated with decreased cardiac death after percutaneous coronary intervention. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007; 50: 1310–4.
17. Ryan CM, Bayley M, Green R et al. Influence of continuous positive airway pressure on outcomes of rehabilitation in stroke patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Stroke 2011; 42: 1062–7.
18. Punjabi NM. The epidemiology of adult obstructive sleep apnea. Proc Am Thorac Soc 2008; 5: 136–43.
19. Mooe T, Rabben T, Wiklund U et al. Sleep-disordered breathing in men with coronary artery disease. Chest 1996; 109 (3): 659–63.
20. De Olazabal JR, Miller MJ, Cook WR, Mithoefer JC. Disordered breathing and hypoxia during sleep in coronary artery disease. Chest 1982; 82 (5): 548–52.
21. Sebel J, Kolenda D. Pra¨valenz der obstruktiven Schlafapnoe bei Patienten mit koronarer Herzerkrankung. Herz Kreis 1995; 27: 153–8.
22. Andreas S, Schulz R, Werner GS, Kreuzer H. Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea in patients with coronary artery disease. Coron Artery Dis 1996; 7 (7): 541–5.
23. Peker Y, Kraiczi H, Hedner J et al. An independent association between obstructive sleep apnoea and coronary artery disease. Eur Respir J 1999; 14 (1): 179–84.
24. Koehler U, Schafer H. An independent association between obstructive sleep apnoea and coronary artery disease. Is obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) a risk factor for myocardial infarction and cardiac arrhythmias in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD)? Sleep 1996; 19 (4): 283–6.
25. Schafer H, Koehler U, Ewig S et al. Obstructive sleep apnea as a risk marker in coronary artery disease. Cardiology 1999; 92 (2): 79–84.
26. Sanner B, Sturm A, Konermann M. Coronary heart disease in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1996; 121 (30): 931–5.
27. Mooe T, Franklin KA, Wiklund U et al. Sleep-disordered breathing and myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease. Chest 2000; 117 (6): 1597–602.
28. Schafer H, Koehler U, Ploch T, Peter JH. Sleep-related myocardial ischemia and sleep structure in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and coronary heart disease. Chest 1997; 111 (2): 387–93.
29. Shahar E, Whitney CW, Redline S et al. Sleep-disordered breathing and cardiovascular disease: cross-sectional results of the Sleep Heart Health Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 163: 19–25.
30. Gottlieb DJ, Yenokyan G, Newman AB et al. Prospective study of obstructive sleep apnea and incident coronary heart disease and heart failure: the sleep heart health study. Circulation 2010; 122: 352–60.
31. Punjabi NM, Caffo BS, Goodwin JL et al. Sleep-disordered breathing and mortality: A prospective cohort study. PLoS Med 2009; 6: e1000132.
32. Shah NA, Yaggi HK, Concato J, Mohsenin V. Obstructive sleep apnea as a risk factor for coronary events or cardiovascular death. Sleep Breath 2010; 14: 131–6.
33. Yumino D, Tsurumi Y, Takagi A et al. Impact of obstructive sleep apnea on clinical and angiographic outcomes following percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Am J Cardiol 2007; 99: 26–30.
34. Hanly P, Sasson Z, Zuberi N, Lunn K. ST-segment depression during sleep in obstructive sleep apnea. Am J Cardiol 1993; 71 (15): 1341–5.
35. Alonso-Fernandez A, Garcia-Rio F, Racionero MA et al. Cardiac rhythm disturbances and ST-segment depression episodes in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome and its mechanisms. Chest 2005; 127 (1): 15–22.
36. Andreas S, Hajak G, Natt P et al. ST segmental changes and arrhythmias in obstructive sleep apnea. Pneumologie 1991; 45 (9): 720–4.
37. Bradley TD, Hall MJ, Ando S, Floras JS. Hemodynamic effects of simulated obstructive apneas in humans with and without heart failure. Chest 2001; 119: 1827–35.
38. Bradley TD, Tkacova R, Hall MJ et al. Augmented sympathetic neural response to simulated obstructive apnoea in human heart failure. Clin Sci (Lond) 2003; 104: 231–8.
39. Peker Y, Hedner J, Norum J et al. Increased incidence of cardiovascular disease in middle-aged men with obstructive sleep apnea: a 7-year follow-up. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 166 (2): 159–65.
40. Peker Y, Carlson J, Hedner J. Increased incidence of coronary artery disease in sleep apnoea: a long-term follow-up. Eur Respir J 2006; 28 (3): 596–602.
41. Konecny T, Kuniyoshi FAS, Orban M et al. Under-diagnosis of sleep apnea in patients after acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010; 56: 742–3.
42. Hung J, Whitford EG, Parsons RW, Hillman DR. Association of sleep apnoea with myocardial infarction in men. Lancet 1990; 336 (8710): 261–4.
43. Junker-Neff A, Eberle R, Arnim T et al. Is there an association between the sleep apnea syndrome and the circadian peak of myocardial infarction in the morning hours? Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2005; 130 (49): 2818–22.
44. Aboyans V, Cassat C, Lacroix P et al. Is the morning peak of acute myocardial infarction’s onset due to sleep-related breathing disorders? A prospective study. Cardiology 2000; 94 (3): 188–92.
45. Koehler U, Trautmann M, Trautmann R et al. Does sleep apnea increase the risk of myocardial infarct during sleep? Z Kardiol 1999; 88 (6): 410–7.
46. Somers VK, Dyken ME, Clary MP, Abboud FM. Sympathetic neural mechanisms in obstructive sleep apnea. J Clin Invest 1995; 96 (4): 1897–904.
47. Shah N, Redline S, Yaggi HK et al. Obstructive sleep apnea and acute myocardial infarction severity: ischemic preconditioning? Sleep Breath 2013; 17 (2): 819–26.
48. Franklin KA, Nilsson JB, Sahlin C, Naslund U. Sleep apnoea and nocturnal angina. Lancet 1995; 345: 1085–7.
49. Doherty LS, Kiely JL, Swan V, McNicholas WT. Long-term effects of nasal continuous positive airway pressure therapy on cardiovascular outcomes in sleep apnea syndrome. Chest 2005; 127 (6): 2076–84.
50. Young T, Palta M, Dempsey J et al. The occurrence of sleep-disordered breathing among middle-aged adults. N Engl J Med 1993; 328 (17): 1230–5.
51. Young T, Shahar E, Nieto FJ et al. Predictors of sleep-disordered breathing in community-dwelling adults: the Sleep Heart Health Study. Arch Intern Med 2002; 162 (8): 893–900.
52. Franklin KA, Gislason T, Omenaas E et al. The influence of active and passive smoking on habitual snoring. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004; 170 (7): 799–803.
53. Eisensehr I, Ehrenberg BL, Noachtar S et al. Platelet activation, epinephrine, and blood pressure in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Neurology 1998; 51 (1): 188–95.
54. Kohler U et al. Herzrhythmusstorungen bei Schlafapnoe. Erhohtes kardiovaskulares Risk durch nachtliche Arrhythmien? Fortschr Med 1998; 116 (16): 28–31.
55. Friedlander AH, Friedlander IK, Yueh R, Littner MR. The prevalence of carotid atheromas seen on panoramic radiographs of patients with obstructive sleep apnea and their relation to risk factors for atherosclerosis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1999; 57 (5): 516–21; discussion 521–2.
56. Minoguchi K, Yokoe T, Tazaki T et al. Silent brain infarction and platelet activation in obstructive sleep apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007; 175: 612–7.
57. Arzt M, Young T, Finn L et al. Association of sleep-disordered breathing and the occurrence of stroke. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 172: 1447–51.
58. Palomaki H, Partinen M, Erkinjuntti T, Kaste M. Snoring, sleep apnea syndrome, and stroke. Neurology 1992; 42 (Suppl. 6): 75–81.
59. Partinen M, Palomaki H. Snoring and cerebral infarction. Lancet 1985; 2: 1325–6.
60. Cho JG, Witting PK, Verma M et al. Tissue vibration induces carotid artery endothelial dysfunction: a mechanism linking snoring and carotid atherosclerosis? Sleep 2011; 34: 751–7.
61. Redline S, Yenokyan G, Gottlieb DJ et al. Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea and incident stroke: the sleep heart health study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2010; 182: 269–77.
62. Munoz R, Duran-Cantolla J, Martinez-Vila E et al. Severe sleep apnea and risk of ischemic stroke in the elderly. Stroke 2006; 37: 2317–21.
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Авторы
А.Ю.Литвин*, О.О.Михайлова, Е.М.Елфимова, И.Е.Чазова
Институт клинической кардиологии им. А.Л.Мясникова ФГБУ Российский кардиологический научно-производственный комплекс Минздрава России. 121552, Россия, Москва, ул. 3-я Черепковская, д. 15а
*alelitvin@yandex.ru
A.L.Myasnikov Institute of Clinical Cardiology Russian Cardiological Scientific-Industrial Complex of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 121552, Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. 3-ia Cherepkovskaia, d. 15a
*alelitvin@yandex.ru
Институт клинической кардиологии им. А.Л.Мясникова ФГБУ Российский кардиологический научно-производственный комплекс Минздрава России. 121552, Россия, Москва, ул. 3-я Черепковская, д. 15а
*alelitvin@yandex.ru
________________________________________________
A.L.Myasnikov Institute of Clinical Cardiology Russian Cardiological Scientific-Industrial Complex of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 121552, Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. 3-ia Cherepkovskaia, d. 15a
*alelitvin@yandex.ru
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