Неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени у пациенток с синдромом поликистозных яичников

1. Буеверов А.О. Возможности лечения лекарственных поражений печени в условиях необходимости приема гепатотоксичных препаратов. Лечащий врач. 2009; 2: 40–2. / Bueverov A.O. Vozmozhnosti lecheniia lekarstvennykh porazhenii pecheni v usloviiakh neobkhodimosti priema gepatotoksichnykh preparatov. Lechashchii vrach. 2009; 2: 40–2. [in Russian]
2. Никитин И.Г. Скрининговая программа по выявлению распространенности неалкогольной жировой болезни печени и определению факторов риска развития заболевания. Рос. мед. вести. 2010; 4 (1): 41–6. / Nikitin I.G. Skriningovaia programma po vyiavleniiu rasprostranennosti nealkogol'noi zhirovoi bolezni pecheni i opredeleniiu faktorov riska razvitiia zabolevaniia. Ros. med. vesti. 2010; 4 (1): 41–6. [in Russian]
3. Руководство по амбулаторно-поликлинической помощи в акушерстве и гинекологии. Под ред. В.Е.Радзинского. 2-е изд., перераб. и доп. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2014. / Rukovodstvo po ambulatorno-poliklinicheskoi pomoshchi v akusherstve i ginekologii. Pod red. V.E.Radzinskogo. 2-e izd., pererab. i dop. M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2014. [in Russian]
4. Руководство по репродуктивной медицине. Под ред. Б.Карра, Р.Блэкуэлла, Р.Азиза. Пер. с англ. М.: Практика, 2015. / Rukovodstvo po reproduktivnoi meditsine. Pod red. B.Karra, R.Blekuella, R.Aziza. Per. s angl. M.: Praktika, 2015. [in Russian]
5. Abdelmalek MF, Diehl AM. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease as a complication of insulin resistance. Med Clin North Am 2007; 91: 1125–49.
6. Adams LA, Lymp JF, St Sauver J et al. The natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a population-based cohort study. Gastroenterology 2005; 129: 113–21.
7. Agacayak E, Tunc SY, Sak S et al. Levels of Neopterin and other Inflammatory Markers in Obese and Non-Obese Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21: 2446–55.
8. Alvarez-Blasco F, Botella-Carretero JI, San Millán JL, Escobar-Morreale HF. Prevalence and characteristics of the polycystic ovary syndrome in overweight and obese women. Arch Intern Med 2006; 166: 2081–6.
9. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists position statement on metabolic and cardiovascular consequences of polycystic ovary syndrome. National Guideline Clearinghouse. Available at http://guideline.gov/summary/summary.aspx?doc_id=7108. Accessed: August 28, 2009.
10. Angulo P, Alba LM, Petrovic LM et al. Leptin, insulin resistance, and liver fibrosis in human nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol 2004; 41 (6): 943–9.
11. Awartani KA, Cheung AP. Metformin and polycystic ovary syndrome: a literature review. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2002; 24 (5): 393–401.
12. Azziz R, Woods KS, Reyna R et al. The prevalence and features of the polycystic ovary syndrome in an unselected population. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004; 89: 2745–9.
13. Azziz R, Dumesic DA, Goodarzi MO. Polycystic ovary syndrome:an ancient disorder? Fertil Steril 2011; 95: 1544–8.
14. Bantel H, Ruck P, Gregor M, Schulze-Osthoff K. Detection of elevated caspase activation and early apoptosis in liver diseases. Eur J Cell Biol 2001; 80: 230–9.
15. Baranova A, Tran TP, Afendy A et al. Molecular signature of adipose tissue in patients with both nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). J Transl Med 2013; 11: 133.
16. Baranova A, Tran TP, Birerdinc A, Younossi ZM. Systematic review: association of polycystic ovary syndrome with metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011; 33: 801–4.
17. Barber TM, Franks S. Genetics of polycystic ovary syndrome. Front Horm Res 2013; 40: 28–39.
18. Brower MA, Jones MR, Rotter JI et al. Further investigation in Europeans of susceptibility variants for polycystic ovary syndrome discovered in genome-wide association studies of Chinese individuals. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100: 182–6.
19. Brzozowska MM, Ostapowicz G, Weltman MD. An association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and polycystic ovarian syndrome. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009; 24: 243–7.
20. Bugianesi E, Gastaldelli A, Vanni E et al. Insulin resistance in non-diabetic patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: sites and mechanisms. Diabetologia 2005; 48 (4): 634–42.
21. Cadranel JF, Rufat P, Degos F. Practices of liver biopsy in France: results of a prospective nationwide survey. For the Group of Epidemiology of the French Association for the Study of the Liver (AFEF). Hepatology 2000; 32: 477–81.
22. Cankaya S, Demir B, Aksakal SE et al. Insulin resistance and its relationship with high molecular weight adiponectin in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome and a maternal history of polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 2014; 102: 826–30.
23. Cerda C, Perez-Ayuso RM, Riquelme A et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Hepatol 2007; 47 (3): 412–7.
24. Chalasani N, Younossi Z, Lavine JE et al. The diagnosis and management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: practice Guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, American College of Gastroenterology, and the American Gastroenterological Association. Hepatology 2012; 55: 2005–23.
25. Chang RJ, Nakamura RM, Judd HL, Kaplan SA. Insulinresistance in nonobese patients with polycystic ovarian disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1983; 57: 356–9.
26. Ciotta L, Pagano I, Stracquadanio M, Formuso C. Polycystic ovarian syndrome incidence in young women with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Minerva Ginecol 2011; 63: 429–37.
27. Cusi K, Charlton M, Sanyal AJ. The diagnosis and management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: practice Guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, American College of Gastroenterology, and the American Gastroenterological Association. Hepatology 2012; 55: 2005–23.
28. Cussons AJ, Watts GF, Mori TA, Stuckey BG. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation decreases liver fat content in polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized controlled trial employing proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009; 94: 3842–8.
29. Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Christakou CD. Insulin Resistance in PCOS. Springer, 2009.
30. Diamanti-Kandarakis E. Insulin resistance in PCOS. Endocrine 2006; 30 (1): 13–7.
31. Dunaif A, Graf M, Mandeli J et al. Characterization of groups of hyperandrogenic women with acanthosis nigricans, impaired glucose tolerance, and/or hyperinsulinemia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1987; 65: 499–507.
32. Dunaif A, Segal KR, Shelley DR et al. Evidence for distinctive and intrinsic defects in insulin action in polycystic ovary syndrome. Diabetes 1992; 41: 1257–66.
33. Dunaif A. Drug insight: insulin-sensitizing drugs in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome – a reappraisal. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab 2008; 4: 272–83.
34. Economou F, Xyrafis X, Livadas S et al. In overweight/obese but not in normal-weight women, polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with elevated liver enzymes compared to controls. Hormones (Athens) 2009; 8: 199–206.
35. El-Mazny A, Abou-Salem N, El-Sherbiny W, El-Mazny A. Insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2010; 109: 239–41.
36. Feldstein AE, Wieckowska A, Lopez AR et al. Cytokeratin-18 fragment levels as noninvasive biomarkers for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a multicenter validation study. Hepatology 2009; 50: 1072–8.
37. Gambarin-Gelwan M, Kinkhabwala SV, Schiano TD et al. Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007; 5: 496–501.
38. Gangale MF, Miele L, Lanzone A et al. Long-term metformin treatment is able to reduce the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its hepatic involvement in young hyperinsulinaemic overweight patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2011; 75: 520–7.
39. Gao T, Wu L, Chang F, Cao G. Low circulating ghrelin levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Endocr J 2016; 63 (1): 93–100.
40. Gauna C, van der Lely AJ. Somatostatin, cortistatin, ghrelin and glucose metabolism. J Endocrinol Invest 2005; 28: 127–31.
41. Goldman MH, Scheraldi CA, Soule WC. Ovarian hyperthecosis associated with fatty liver disease. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1987; 156: 1239–40.
42. Gomez-Meade CA, Lopez-Mitnik G, Messiah SE et al. Cardiometabolic health among gastric bypass surgery patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome. World J Diabetes 2013; 4: 64–9.
43. Gonzalez F, Sia CL, Bearson DM, Blair HE. Hyperandrogenism induces a proinflammatory TNFa response to glucose ingestion in a receptor-dependent fashion. Endocrine J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 51: 211–21.
44. Goodman NF, Cobin RH, Futterweit W et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, American College of Endocrinology, and Androgen Excess and PCOS Society disease state clinical review: guide to the best practices in the evaluation and treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome – part 1. Endocr Pract 2015; 21 (11): 1291–300.
45. Goverde AJ, van Koert AJ, Eijkemans MJ et al. Indicators for metabolic disturbances in anovulatory women with polycystic ovary syndrome diagnosed according to the Rotterdam consensus criteria. Hum Reprod 2009; 24: 710–7.
46. Harrison SA, Torgerson S, Hayashi PH. The natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a clinical histopathological study. Am J Gastroenterol 2003; 98: 2042–7.
47. Jamali R. Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Walter Siegenthaler, 2013.
48. Kadowaki T, Yamauchi T, Kubota N et al. Adiponectin and adiponectin receptors in insulin resistance, diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome. J Clin Invest 2006; 116: 1784–92.
49. Kauffman RP, Baker TE, Baker V et al. Endocrine factors associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: do androgens play a role? Gynecol Endocrinol 2010; 26: 39–46.
50. Kojima M, Hosoda H, Date Y et al. Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach. Nature 1999; 402: 656–60.
51. Kola B, Hubina E, Tucci SA et al. Cannabinoids and ghrelin have both central and peripheral metabolic and cardiac effects via AMP-activated protein kinase. J Biol Chem 2005; 280: 25196–201.
52. Komarowska H, Wasko R, Iwanik K et al. Ghrelin ovarian cell expression in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: animmunohistochemical evaluation. Horm Metab Res 2006; 38: 783–8.
53. Lee YH, Pratley RE. The evolving role of inflammation in obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Curr Diab Rep 2005; 5: 70–5.
54. Legro RS, Arslanian SA, Ehrmann DA et al. Diagnosis and treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98: 4565–92.
55. Lerchbaum E, Gruber HJ, Schwetz V et al. Fatty liver index in polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol 2011; 165: 935–43.
56. Li Y, Hai J, Li L et al. Administration of ghrelin improves inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis during and after non-alcoholic fatty liver disease development. Endocrine 2013; 43: 376–86.
57. Loria P, Carulli L, Bertolotti M, Lonardo A. Endocrine and liver interaction: the role of endocrine pathways in NASH. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009; 6 (4): 236–47.
58. Macut D, Tziomalos K, Božić-Antić I et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with insulin resistance and lipid accumulation product in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod 2016. pii: dew076.

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1. Bueverov A.O. Vozmozhnosti lecheniia lekarstvennykh porazhenii pecheni v usloviiakh neobkhodimosti priema gepatotoksichnykh preparatov. Lechashchii vrach. 2009; 2: 40–2. [in Russian]
2. Nikitin I.G. Skriningovaia programma po vyiavleniiu rasprostranennosti nealkogol'noi zhirovoi bolezni pecheni i opredeleniiu faktorov riska razvitiia zabolevaniia. Ros. med. vesti. 2010; 4 (1): 41–6. [in Russian]
3. Rukovodstvo po ambulatorno-poliklinicheskoi pomoshchi v akusherstve i ginekologii. Pod red. V.E.Radzinskogo. 2-e izd., pererab. i dop. M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2014. [in Russian]
4. Rukovodstvo po reproduktivnoi meditsine. Pod red. B.Karra, R.Blekuella, R.Aziza. Per. s angl. M.: Praktika, 2015. [in Russian]
5. Abdelmalek MF, Diehl AM. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease as a complication of insulin resistance. Med Clin North Am 2007; 91: 1125–49.
6. Adams LA, Lymp JF, St Sauver J et al. The natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a population-based cohort study. Gastroenterology 2005; 129: 113–21.
7. Agacayak E, Tunc SY, Sak S et al. Levels of Neopterin and other Inflammatory Markers in Obese and Non-Obese Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21: 2446–55.
8. Alvarez-Blasco F, Botella-Carretero JI, San Millán JL, Escobar-Morreale HF. Prevalence and characteristics of the polycystic ovary syndrome in overweight and obese women. Arch Intern Med 2006; 166: 2081–6.
9. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists position statement on metabolic and cardiovascular consequences of polycystic ovary syndrome. National Guideline Clearinghouse. Available at http://guideline.gov/summary/summary.aspx?doc_id=7108. Accessed: August 28, 2009.
10. Angulo P, Alba LM, Petrovic LM et al. Leptin, insulin resistance, and liver fibrosis in human nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol 2004; 41 (6): 943–9.
11. Awartani KA, Cheung AP. Metformin and polycystic ovary syndrome: a literature review. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2002; 24 (5): 393–401.
12. Azziz R, Woods KS, Reyna R et al. The prevalence and features of the polycystic ovary syndrome in an unselected population. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004; 89: 2745–9.
13. Azziz R, Dumesic DA, Goodarzi MO. Polycystic ovary syndrome:an ancient disorder? Fertil Steril 2011; 95: 1544–8.
14. Bantel H, Ruck P, Gregor M, Schulze-Osthoff K. Detection of elevated caspase activation and early apoptosis in liver diseases. Eur J Cell Biol 2001; 80: 230–9.
15. Baranova A, Tran TP, Afendy A et al. Molecular signature of adipose tissue in patients with both nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). J Transl Med 2013; 11: 133.
16. Baranova A, Tran TP, Birerdinc A, Younossi ZM. Systematic review: association of polycystic ovary syndrome with metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011; 33: 801–4.
17. Barber TM, Franks S. Genetics of polycystic ovary syndrome. Front Horm Res 2013; 40: 28–39.
18. Brower MA, Jones MR, Rotter JI et al. Further investigation in Europeans of susceptibility variants for polycystic ovary syndrome discovered in genome-wide association studies of Chinese individuals. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100: 182–6.
19. Brzozowska MM, Ostapowicz G, Weltman MD. An association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and polycystic ovarian syndrome. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009; 24: 243–7.
20. Bugianesi E, Gastaldelli A, Vanni E et al. Insulin resistance in non-diabetic patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: sites and mechanisms. Diabetologia 2005; 48 (4): 634–42.
21. Cadranel JF, Rufat P, Degos F. Practices of liver biopsy in France: results of a prospective nationwide survey. For the Group of Epidemiology of the French Association for the Study of the Liver (AFEF). Hepatology 2000; 32: 477–81.
22. Cankaya S, Demir B, Aksakal SE et al. Insulin resistance and its relationship with high molecular weight adiponectin in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome and a maternal history of polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 2014; 102: 826–30.
23. Cerda C, Perez-Ayuso RM, Riquelme A et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Hepatol 2007; 47 (3): 412–7.
24. Chalasani N, Younossi Z, Lavine JE et al. The diagnosis and management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: practice Guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, American College of Gastroenterology, and the American Gastroenterological Association. Hepatology 2012; 55: 2005–23.
25. Chang RJ, Nakamura RM, Judd HL, Kaplan SA. Insulinresistance in nonobese patients with polycystic ovarian disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1983; 57: 356–9.
26. Ciotta L, Pagano I, Stracquadanio M, Formuso C. Polycystic ovarian syndrome incidence in young women with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Minerva Ginecol 2011; 63: 429–37.
27. Cusi K, Charlton M, Sanyal AJ. The diagnosis and management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: practice Guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, American College of Gastroenterology, and the American Gastroenterological Association. Hepatology 2012; 55: 2005–23.
28. Cussons AJ, Watts GF, Mori TA, Stuckey BG. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation decreases liver fat content in polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized controlled trial employing proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009; 94: 3842–8.
29. Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Christakou CD. Insulin Resistance in PCOS. Springer, 2009.
30. Diamanti-Kandarakis E. Insulin resistance in PCOS. Endocrine 2006; 30 (1): 13–7.
31. Dunaif A, Graf M, Mandeli J et al. Characterization of groups of hyperandrogenic women with acanthosis nigricans, impaired glucose tolerance, and/or hyperinsulinemia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1987; 65: 499–507.
32. Dunaif A, Segal KR, Shelley DR et al. Evidence for distinctive and intrinsic defects in insulin action in polycystic ovary syndrome. Diabetes 1992; 41: 1257–66.
33. Dunaif A. Drug insight: insulin-sensitizing drugs in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome – a reappraisal. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab 2008; 4: 272–83.
34. Economou F, Xyrafis X, Livadas S et al. In overweight/obese but not in normal-weight women, polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with elevated liver enzymes compared to controls. Hormones (Athens) 2009; 8: 199–206.
35. El-Mazny A, Abou-Salem N, El-Sherbiny W, El-Mazny A. Insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2010; 109: 239–41.
36. Feldstein AE, Wieckowska A, Lopez AR et al. Cytokeratin-18 fragment levels as noninvasive biomarkers for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a multicenter validation study. Hepatology 2009; 50: 1072–8.
37. Gambarin-Gelwan M, Kinkhabwala SV, Schiano TD et al. Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007; 5: 496–501.
38. Gangale MF, Miele L, Lanzone A et al. Long-term metformin treatment is able to reduce the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its hepatic involvement in young hyperinsulinaemic overweight patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2011; 75: 520–7.
39. Gao T, Wu L, Chang F, Cao G. Low circulating ghrelin levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Endocr J 2016; 63 (1): 93–100.
40. Gauna C, van der Lely AJ. Somatostatin, cortistatin, ghrelin and glucose metabolism. J Endocrinol Invest 2005; 28: 127–31.
41. Goldman MH, Scheraldi CA, Soule WC. Ovarian hyperthecosis associated with fatty liver disease. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1987; 156: 1239–40.
42. Gomez-Meade CA, Lopez-Mitnik G, Messiah SE et al. Cardiometabolic health among gastric bypass surgery patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome. World J Diabetes 2013; 4: 64–9.
43. Gonzalez F, Sia CL, Bearson DM, Blair HE. Hyperandrogenism induces a proinflammatory TNFa response to glucose ingestion in a receptor-dependent fashion. Endocrine J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 51: 211–21.
44. Goodman NF, Cobin RH, Futterweit W et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, American College of Endocrinology, and Androgen Excess and PCOS Society disease state clinical review: guide to the best practices in the evaluation and treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome – part 1. Endocr Pract 2015; 21 (11): 1291–300.
45. Goverde AJ, van Koert AJ, Eijkemans MJ et al. Indicators for metabolic disturbances in anovulatory women with polycystic ovary syndrome diagnosed according to the Rotterdam consensus criteria. Hum Reprod 2009; 24: 710–7.
46. Harrison SA, Torgerson S, Hayashi PH. The natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a clinical histopathological study. Am J Gastroenterol 2003; 98: 2042–7.
47. Jamali R. Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Walter Siegenthaler, 2013.
48. Kadowaki T, Yamauchi T, Kubota N et al. Adiponectin and adiponectin receptors in insulin resistance, diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome. J Clin Invest 2006; 116: 1784–92.
49. Kauffman RP, Baker TE, Baker V et al. Endocrine factors associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: do androgens play a role? Gynecol Endocrinol 2010; 26: 39–46.
50. Kojima M, Hosoda H, Date Y et al. Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach. Nature 1999; 402: 656–60.
51. Kola B, Hubina E, Tucci SA et al. Cannabinoids and ghrelin have both central and peripheral metabolic and cardiac effects via AMP-activated protein kinase. J Biol Chem 2005; 280: 25196–201.
52. Komarowska H, Wasko R, Iwanik K et al. Ghrelin ovarian cell expression in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: animmunohistochemical evaluation. Horm Metab Res 2006; 38: 783–8.
53. Lee YH, Pratley RE. The evolving role of inflammation in obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Curr Diab Rep 2005; 5: 70–5.
54. Legro RS, Arslanian SA, Ehrmann DA et al. Diagnosis and treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98: 4565–92.
55. Lerchbaum E, Gruber HJ, Schwetz V et al. Fatty liver index in polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol 2011; 165: 935–43.
56. Li Y, Hai J, Li L et al. Administration of ghrelin improves inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis during and after non-alcoholic fatty liver disease development. Endocrine 2013; 43: 376–86.
57. Loria P, Carulli L, Bertolotti M, Lonardo A. Endocrine and liver interaction: the role of endocrine pathways in NASH. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009; 6 (4): 236–47.
58. Macut D, Tziomalos K, Božić-Antić I et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with insulin resistance and lipid accumulation product in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod 2016. pii: dew076.

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