Лечение систолической артериальной гипертонии у пожилых: роль нового блокатора кальциевых каналов нитрендипина

1. Диагностика и лечение артериальной гипертонии. Рекомендации Российского медицинского общества по артериальной гипертонии и Всероссийского научного общества кардиологов (4-й пересмотр). Системные гипертензии. 2010; 7 (3): 5–26. / Recommendations for the management of arterial hypertension Russian Medical Society of Arterial Hypertension and Society of Cardiology of the Russian Federation. Systemic Hypertension. 2010; 7 (3): 5–26. [in Russian]
2. Лечение артериальной гипертонии у пациентов 80 лет и старше и пациентов со старческой астенией. Согласованное мнение экспертов. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2017; 16 (1). / Lechenie arterial'noi gipertonii u patsientov 80 let i starshe i patsientov so starcheskoi asteniei. Soglasovannoe mnenie ekspertov. Kardiovaskuliarnaia terapiia i profilaktika. 2017; 16 (1). [in Russian]
3. European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice. Eur Heart J 2016; 37: 2315–81.
4. Aronow W, Harrington R, Fleg J et al. ACCF/AHA 2011 expert consensus document on hypertension in the elderly: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Task Force on Clinical Expert Consensus Documents. Circulation 2011; 123: 2434–506.
5. Beckett NS, Peters R, Fletcher AE et al; HYVET Study Group. Treatment of hypertension in patients 80 years of age or older. N Engl J Med 2008; 358: 1887–98.
6. Bird AS, Blizard RA, Mann AH. Treating hypertension in the older person: an evaluation of the association of blood pressure level and its reduction with cognitive performance. J Hypertens 1990; 8: 147–52.
7. Bundy J, Li C, Stuchlik P et al. Systolic Blood Pressure Reduction and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis. JAMA Cardiol 2017; 2 (7): 775–81.
8. Calhoun DA, Jones D, Textor S et al. Resistant hypertension: diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment. A sсientific statement from the American Heart Association Professional Education Committee of the Council for High Blood Pressure Research. Hypertension 2008; 51: 1403.
9. Chen G, Yang M. The Effects of Calcium Channel Blockers in the Prevention of Stroke in Adults with Hypertension: A Meta-Analysis of Data from 273,543 Participants in 31 Randomized Controlled Trials. PLoS ONE 2013; 8 (3): 57854. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057854
10. Chen N, Zhou M, Yang M at al. Calcium channel blockers versus other classes of drugs for hypertension. CDSR 2010; 8. CD003654. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003654.pub4
11. D’Agostinio R, Wolf P, Belanger A, Kannel W. Stroke risk profile: adjustment for antihypertansive medication: the Framingham Study. Stroke 1994; 25: 40–3.
12. Forette F, Seux M, Staessen J et al. Prevention of dementia in randomised double-blind placebo-controlled Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) trial. Lancet 1998; 352: 1347–51.
13. Forette F, Seux M, Staessen J et al; Systolic Hypertension in Europe Investigators. The prevention of dementia with antihypertensive treatment: new evidence from the Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) study. Arch Intern Med 2002; 162: 2046–52.
14. Gasowski I, Staessen J, Celis H et al. Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) trial phase 2: objectives, protocol, and initial progress. J Hum Hypertens 1999; 13: 135–45.
15. Hulthén U, Katzman P. Review of long-term trials with nitrendipine. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1988; 12 (Suppl. 4): S11–5.
16. Hara A, Thijs L, Asayama K at al. Randomised double-blind comparison of placebo and active drugs for effects on risks associated with blood pressure variability in the Systolic Hypertension in Europe trial. PLoS One 2014; 9: e103169.
17. Hypertension: clinical management of primary hypertension in adults. London: NICE, 2011. NICE clinical guideline 127. http://guidance.nice.org.uk/CG127/
18. James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL et al. 2014 evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA 2014; 311: 507–20.
19. JATOS Study Group. Principal results of the Japanese trial to assess optimal systolic blood pressure in elderly hypertensive patients (JATOS). Hypertens Res 2008; 31: 2115–27.
20. Kennelly S, Kenny R, Lawlor B. Blood pressure and the risk for dementia: a double edged sword. Aging Clin Experimental Res 2009, 8: 61–70.
21. Lewington S, Clarke R, Qizilbash N et al. Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a metaanalysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies. Lancet 2002; 360: 1903–13.
22. Liu L et al; Systolic Hypertension in China (Syst-China) Collaborative Group. Comparison of active treatment and placebo for older Chinese patients with isolated systolic hypertension. J Hypertens 1998; 16: 1823–9.
23. Lovell M, Abner E, Kryscio R et al. Calcium Channel Blockers, Progression to Dementia, and Effects on Amyloid Beta Peptide Production. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2015; 2015: 787805.
24. Mancia G, Fagard R, Narkiewicz K et el. 2013 ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension and of the European Society of Cardiology. Hypertension 2013; 31: 1281–357.
25. Matsumoto M, Munehira M, Takizawa S at al. Effects of nitrendipine on left ventricular structure and function and aortic distensibility in elderly patients with isolated systolic hypertension. Cur Ther Res 1997; 58 (2): 117–26.
26. Maule S, Caserta M, Bertello С et al. Cognitive decline and low blood pressure: the other side of the coin. Clin Exp Hypertens 2008; 30: 711–9.
27. Mroczek W, Burris J, Allerby K. Nitrendipine in Severe Hypertension Satellite Symposium on Calcium Antagonists. 7th Scientific Meeting of the Inter-American Society of Hypertension 1987. http://hyper.ahajournals.org
28. Nimmrich V, Eckert A. Calcium channel blockers and dementia. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 169 (6): 1203–10.
29. Qaseem A, Wilt TJ, Rich R at al. Pharmacologic Treatment of Hypertension in Adults Aged 60 Years or Older to Higher Versus Lower Blood Pressure Targets: A Clinical Practice Guideline From the American College of Physicians and the American Academy of Family Physicians. http://annals.org/pdfaccess.ashx?url=/data/journals/aim/0/ on 01/26/2017
30. Qiu C, Winblad B, Fratiglioni L. The age-dependent relation of blood pressure to cognitive function and dementia. Lancet Neurology 2005; 4: 487–99.
31. Randomised trial of a perindopril-based blood-pressure-lowering regimen among 6,105 individuals with previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack. PROGRESS Collaborative Group. Lancet 2001; 358: 1033–41.
32. Reitz C, Tang M, Manly J et al. Hypertension and the risk of mild cognitive impairment. Arch Neurol 2007; 64: 1734–40.
33. Rohr G, Reimnitz P, Blanke P. Treatment of hypertensive emergency. Comparison of a new dosage form of the calcium antagonist nitrendipine with nifedipine capsules. Intensive Care Med 1994; 20 (4): 268–71.
34. Rosental T. Calcium antaginists in the treatment of severe refractory hypertension. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1988; 12: 93–7.
35. Skoog I, Lithell H, Hansson L et al; SCOPE Study Group. Effect of baseline cognitive function and antihypertensive treatment on cognitive and cardiovascularoutcomes: Study on COgnition and Prognosis in the Elderly (SCOPE). Am J Hypertens 2005; 18: 1052–9.
36. Späh F, Grosser K. Treatment of hypertensive urgencies and emergencies with nitrendipine, nifedipine, and clonidine: effect on blood pressure and heart rate. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1988; 12 (4): S154–6.
37. Staessen J, Fagard R, Thijs L et al. Randomised double-blind comparison of placebo and active treatment for older patients with isolated systolic hypertension. The Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) Trial Investigators. Lancet 1997; 350: 757–64.
38. Trompet S, Westendorp RG, Kamper AM, de Craen AJ. Use of calcium antagonists and cognitive decline in old age. The Leiden 85-plus study. Neurobiol Aging 2008; 29: 306–8.
39. Tuomilehto J, Rastenyte D, Birkenhger WH at al. Effects of calcium-channel blockade in older patients with diabetes and systolic hypertension. Systolic Hypertension in Europe Trial Investigators. N Engl J Med 1999; 340: 677–84.
40. Verdecchia P, Schillaci G, Reboldi G et al. Calcium antagonists and cardiovascular risk in patients with hypertension and Type 2 diabetes mellitus: Evidence from the PIUMA Study. Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolism. Clin Exp 1999; 12 (4): 292–9.
41. Vinyoles E, de la Figuera M, Gonzalez-Segura D. Cognitive function and blood pressure control in hypertensive patients over 60 years of age: COGNIPRES study. Curr Med Res Opin 2008; 24: 3331–9.
42. Wang JG, Staessen JA, Gong L, Liu L. Chinese trial on isolated systolic hypertension in the elderly. Systolic Hypertension in China (Syst-China) Collaborative Group. Arch Intern Med 2000; 160: 211–20.
43. Weir MR. Major outcomes in high risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor or CCB vs diuretic: the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT). Curr Hypertens Rep 2003; 5 (5): 405–7.
44. Weiss J, Freeman M, Low A et al. Benefits and harms of intensive blood pressure treatment in adults aged 60 years or older. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 2017. DOI: 10.7326/M16-1754
45. Williamson J, Supiano M, Applegate W et al; SPRINT Research Group. Intensivevs standard blood pressure control and cardiovascular disease outcomes in adults aged ≥75 years: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2016; 315: 2673–82.
46. Wright J, Williamson J, Whelton P et al; SPRINT Research Group. A randomized trial of intensive versus standard blood-pressure control. N Engl J Med 2015; 373: 2103–16.
47. Wright JM, Musini VM. First-line drugs for hypertension. CDSR 2009; 3. CD001841. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001841.pub2
48. Yu J, Chang R, Tan L. Calcium dysregulation in Alzheimer's disease: from mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities. Prog Neurobiol 2009; 89: 240–55.

________________________________________________

1. Recommendations for the management of arterial hypertension Russian Medical Society of Arterial Hypertension and Society of Cardiology of the Russian Federation. Systemic Hypertension. 2010; 7 (3): 5–26. [in Russian]
2. Lechenie arterial'noi gipertonii u patsientov 80 let i starshe i patsientov so starcheskoi asteniei. Soglasovannoe mnenie ekspertov. Kardiovaskuliarnaia terapiia i profilaktika. 2017; 16 (1). [in Russian]
3. European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice. Eur Heart J 2016; 37: 2315–81.
4. Aronow W, Harrington R, Fleg J et al. ACCF/AHA 2011 expert consensus document on hypertension in the elderly: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Task Force on Clinical Expert Consensus Documents. Circulation 2011; 123: 2434–506.
5. Beckett NS, Peters R, Fletcher AE et al; HYVET Study Group. Treatment of hypertension in patients 80 years of age or older. N Engl J Med 2008; 358: 1887–98.
6. Bird AS, Blizard RA, Mann AH. Treating hypertension in the older person: an evaluation of the association of blood pressure level and its reduction with cognitive performance. J Hypertens 1990; 8: 147–52.
7. Bundy J, Li C, Stuchlik P et al. Systolic Blood Pressure Reduction and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis. JAMA Cardiol 2017; 2 (7): 775–81.
8. Calhoun DA, Jones D, Textor S et al. Resistant hypertension: diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment. A sсientific statement from the American Heart Association Professional Education Committee of the Council for High Blood Pressure Research. Hypertension 2008; 51: 1403.
9. Chen G, Yang M. The Effects of Calcium Channel Blockers in the Prevention of Stroke in Adults with Hypertension: A Meta-Analysis of Data from 273,543 Participants in 31 Randomized Controlled Trials. PLoS ONE 2013; 8 (3): 57854. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057854
10. Chen N, Zhou M, Yang M at al. Calcium channel blockers versus other classes of drugs for hypertension. CDSR 2010; 8. CD003654. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003654.pub4
11. D’Agostinio R, Wolf P, Belanger A, Kannel W. Stroke risk profile: adjustment for antihypertansive medication: the Framingham Study. Stroke 1994; 25: 40–3.
12. Forette F, Seux M, Staessen J et al. Prevention of dementia in randomised double-blind placebo-controlled Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) trial. Lancet 1998; 352: 1347–51.
13. Forette F, Seux M, Staessen J et al; Systolic Hypertension in Europe Investigators. The prevention of dementia with antihypertensive treatment: new evidence from the Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) study. Arch Intern Med 2002; 162: 2046–52.
14. Gasowski I, Staessen J, Celis H et al. Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) trial phase 2: objectives, protocol, and initial progress. J Hum Hypertens 1999; 13: 135–45.
15. Hulthén U, Katzman P. Review of long-term trials with nitrendipine. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1988; 12 (Suppl. 4): S11–5.
16. Hara A, Thijs L, Asayama K at al. Randomised double-blind comparison of placebo and active drugs for effects on risks associated with blood pressure variability in the Systolic Hypertension in Europe trial. PLoS One 2014; 9: e103169.
17. Hypertension: clinical management of primary hypertension in adults. London: NICE, 2011. NICE clinical guideline 127. http://guidance.nice.org.uk/CG127/
18. James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL et al. 2014 evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA 2014; 311: 507–20.
19. JATOS Study Group. Principal results of the Japanese trial to assess optimal systolic blood pressure in elderly hypertensive patients (JATOS). Hypertens Res 2008; 31: 2115–27.
20. Kennelly S, Kenny R, Lawlor B. Blood pressure and the risk for dementia: a double edged sword. Aging Clin Experimental Res 2009, 8: 61–70.
21. Lewington S, Clarke R, Qizilbash N et al. Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a metaanalysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies. Lancet 2002; 360: 1903–13.
22. Liu L et al; Systolic Hypertension in China (Syst-China) Collaborative Group. Comparison of active treatment and placebo for older Chinese patients with isolated systolic hypertension. J Hypertens 1998; 16: 1823–9.
23. Lovell M, Abner E, Kryscio R et al. Calcium Channel Blockers, Progression to Dementia, and Effects on Amyloid Beta Peptide Production. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2015; 2015: 787805.
24. Mancia G, Fagard R, Narkiewicz K et el. 2013 ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension and of the European Society of Cardiology. Hypertension 2013; 31: 1281–357.
25. Matsumoto M, Munehira M, Takizawa S at al. Effects of nitrendipine on left ventricular structure and function and aortic distensibility in elderly patients with isolated systolic hypertension. Cur Ther Res 1997; 58 (2): 117–26.
26. Maule S, Caserta M, Bertello С et al. Cognitive decline and low blood pressure: the other side of the coin. Clin Exp Hypertens 2008; 30: 711–9.
27. Mroczek W, Burris J, Allerby K. Nitrendipine in Severe Hypertension Satellite Symposium on Calcium Antagonists. 7th Scientific Meeting of the Inter-American Society of Hypertension 1987. http://hyper.ahajournals.org
28. Nimmrich V, Eckert A. Calcium channel blockers and dementia. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 169 (6): 1203–10.
29. Qaseem A, Wilt TJ, Rich R at al. Pharmacologic Treatment of Hypertension in Adults Aged 60 Years or Older to Higher Versus Lower Blood Pressure Targets: A Clinical Practice Guideline From the American College of Physicians and the American Academy of Family Physicians. http://annals.org/pdfaccess.ashx?url=/data/journals/aim/0/ on 01/26/2017
30. Qiu C, Winblad B, Fratiglioni L. The age-dependent relation of blood pressure to cognitive function and dementia. Lancet Neurology 2005; 4: 487–99.
31. Randomised trial of a perindopril-based blood-pressure-lowering regimen among 6,105 individuals with previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack. PROGRESS Collaborative Group. Lancet 2001; 358: 1033–41.
32. Reitz C, Tang M, Manly J et al. Hypertension and the risk of mild cognitive impairment. Arch Neurol 2007; 64: 1734–40.
33. Rohr G, Reimnitz P, Blanke P. Treatment of hypertensive emergency. Comparison of a new dosage form of the calcium antagonist nitrendipine with nifedipine capsules. Intensive Care Med 1994; 20 (4): 268–71.
34. Rosental T. Calcium antaginists in the treatment of severe refractory hypertension. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1988; 12: 93–7.
35. Skoog I, Lithell H, Hansson L et al; SCOPE Study Group. Effect of baseline cognitive function and antihypertensive treatment on cognitive and cardiovascularoutcomes: Study on COgnition and Prognosis in the Elderly (SCOPE). Am J Hypertens 2005; 18: 1052–9.
36. Späh F, Grosser K. Treatment of hypertensive urgencies and emergencies with nitrendipine, nifedipine, and clonidine: effect on blood pressure and heart rate. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1988; 12 (4): S154–6.
37. Staessen J, Fagard R, Thijs L et al. Randomised double-blind comparison of placebo and active treatment for older patients with isolated systolic hypertension. The Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) Trial Investigators. Lancet 1997; 350: 757–64.
38. Trompet S, Westendorp RG, Kamper AM, de Craen AJ. Use of calcium antagonists and cognitive decline in old age. The Leiden 85-plus study. Neurobiol Aging 2008; 29: 306–8.
39. Tuomilehto J, Rastenyte D, Birkenhger WH at al. Effects of calcium-channel blockade in older patients with diabetes and systolic hypertension. Systolic Hypertension in Europe Trial Investigators. N Engl J Med 1999; 340: 677–84.
40. Verdecchia P, Schillaci G, Reboldi G et al. Calcium antagonists and cardiovascular risk in patients with hypertension and Type 2 diabetes mellitus: Evidence from the PIUMA Study. Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolism. Clin Exp 1999; 12 (4): 292–9.
41. Vinyoles E, de la Figuera M, Gonzalez-Segura D. Cognitive function and blood pressure control in hypertensive patients over 60 years of age: COGNIPRES study. Curr Med Res Opin 2008; 24: 3331–9.
42. Wang JG, Staessen JA, Gong L, Liu L. Chinese trial on isolated systolic hypertension in the elderly. Systolic Hypertension in China (Syst-China) Collaborative Group. Arch Intern Med 2000; 160: 211–20.
43. Weir MR. Major outcomes in high risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor or CCB vs diuretic: the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT). Curr Hypertens Rep 2003; 5 (5): 405–7.
44. Weiss J, Freeman M, Low A et al. Benefits and harms of intensive blood pressure treatment in adults aged 60 years or older. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 2017. DOI: 10.7326/M16-1754
45. Williamson J, Supiano M, Applegate W et al; SPRINT Research Group. Intensivevs standard blood pressure control and cardiovascular disease outcomes in adults aged ≥75 years: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2016; 315: 2673–82.
46. Wright J, Williamson J, Whelton P et al; SPRINT Research Group. A randomized trial of intensive versus standard blood-pressure control. N Engl J Med 2015; 373: 2103–16.
47. Wright JM, Musini VM. First-line drugs for hypertension. CDSR 2009; 3. CD001841. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001841.pub2
48. Yu J, Chang R, Tan L. Calcium dysregulation in Alzheimer's disease: from mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities. Prog Neurobiol 2009; 89: 240–55.

А.В.Сыров

ГБУЗ «Консультативно-диагностический центр №6» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы. 127474, Россия, Москва, Керамический пр., д. 49б
syrman2002_1@yahoo.com

________________________________________________

A.V.Syrov

Advisory-Diagnostic Center №6 of the Department of Health of Moscow. 127474, Russian Federation, Moscow, Keramicheskii pr., d. 49b
syrman2002_1@yahoo.com