1. Wolf PA, D'Agostino RB, Kannel WB et al. Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for stroke. The Framingham Study. JAMA 1988; 259 (7): 1025–9.
2. Shah RS, Cole JW. Smoking and stroke: the more you smoke the more you stroke. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2010; 8 (7): 917–32.
3. Котов С.В., Стаховская Л.В., Исакова Е.В. и др. Инсульт: руководство для врачей. Под ред. Л.В.Стаховской, С.В.Котова. М.: МИА, 2014. / Kotov S.V., Stakhovskaia L.V., Isakova E.V. i dr. Insul't: rukovodstvo dlia vrachei. Pod red. L.V.Stakhovskoi, S.V.Kotova. M.: MIA, 2014. [in Russian]
4. http://www.who.int/nmh/publications/ncd-status-report-2014/en/
5. Go AS, Mozaffarian D, Roger VL et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics – 2013 update: a report from the American Heart Association. American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee Circulation 2013; 127 (1): e6–e245.
6. US Department of Health and Human Services; CDC; National Center for Health Statistics. Vital and Health Statistics. Summary Health Statistics for U.S. Adults: National Health Interview Survey 2008; DHHS Pub No.2010–1570: p. 42. www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_10/sr10_242.pdf
7. Hong KS, Bang OY, Kang DW et al. Stroke statistics in Korea: part I. Epidemiology and risk factors: a report from the korean stroke society and clinical research center for stroke. J Stroke 2013; 15 (1): 2–20.
8. Bonita R, Duncan J, Truelsen T et al. Passive smoking as well as active smoking increases the risk of acute stroke. Tob Control 1999; 8; 156–60.
9. Iribarren C, Darbinian J, Klatsky AL, Friedman GD. Cohort study of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and risk of first ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack. Neuroepidemiology 2004; 23 (1–2): 38–44.
10. Wilson N, Thomson G. Still dying from second-hand smoke at work: a brief review of the evidence for smoke-free workplaces in New Zealand. N Z Med J 2002; 8: 115 (1165): U240.
11. Bhat VM, Cole JW, Sorkin JD et al. Dose-response relationship between cigarette smoking and risk of ischemic stroke in young women. Stroke 2008; 39: 2439–43.
12. Hata J, Doi Y, Ninomiya T et al. Combined effects of smoking and hypercholesterolemia on the risk of stroke and coronary heart disease in Japanese: the Hisayama study. Cerebrovasc Dis 2011; 31: 477–84.
13. Bester J, van Rooy MJ, Mbotwe S et al. Transient ischemic attack during smoking: The thrombotic state of erythrocytes and platelets illustrated visually. Ultrastruct Pathol 2016; 40 (1): 57–9. DOI: 10.3109/01913123.2015.1120840
14. Wang W, Shen G, Shahar E et al. Forced Expiratory Volume in the First Second and Aldosterone as Mediators of Smoking Effect on Stroke in African Americans: The Jackson Heart Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5 (1): pii: e002689. DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.115.002689
15. Hashimoto T, Kikuya M, Ohkubo T et al. Home blood pressure level, blood pressure variability, smoking, and stroke risk in Japanese men: the Ohasama study. Am J Hypertens 2012; 25: 883–91.
16. Lee PN, Fry JS. Systematic review of the evidence relating FEV1 decline to giving up smoking. BMC Med 2010; 8: 84.
17. Bowman TS, Gaziano JM, Buring JE, Sesso HD. A prospective study of cigarette smoking and risk of incident hypertension in women. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007; 50 (21): 2085–92.
18. Heeringa J, Kors JA, Hofman A et al. Cigarette smoking and risk of atrial fibrillation: the Rotterdam Study. Am Heart J 2008; 156 (6): 1163–9.
19. Benjamin EJ, Levy D, Vaziri SM et al. Independent risk factors for atrial fibrillation in a population-based cohort. The Framingham Heart Study. JAMA 1994; 271 (11): 840–4.
20. Go AS, Hylek EM, Phillips KA et al. Prevalence of diagnosed atrial fibrillation in adults: national implications for rhythm management and stroke prevention: the AnTicoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation (ATRIA) Study. JAMA 2001; 285 (18): 2370–5.
21. Satoh M, Kikuya M, Ohkubo T et al. Aldosterone‐to‐renin ratio as a predictor of stroke under conditions of high sodium intake: the Ohasama study. Am J Hypertens 2012; 25: 777–83.
22. Albertsen IE, Overvad TF, Lip GY, Larsen TB. Smoking, atrial fibrillation, and ischemic stroke: a confluence of epidemics. Curr Opin Cardiol 2015; 30 (5): 512–7. DOI: 10.1097/HCO.0000000000000205
23. Gutierrez J, Koch S, Dong C et al. Racial and ethnic disparities in stroke subtypes: a multiethnic sample of patients with stroke. Neurol Sci 2014; 35 (4): 577–82. DOI: 10.1007/s10072-013-1561-z
24. Angoulvant D, Villejoubert O, Bejan-Angoulvant T et al. Effect of Active Smoking on Comparative Efficacy of Antithrombotic Therapy in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: The Loire Valley Atrial Fibrillation Project. Chest 2015; 148 (2): 491–8. DOI: 10.1378/chest.14-3006
25. Kumagai N, Okuhara Y, Iiyama T et al. Effects of smoking on outcomes after acute atherothrombotic stroke in Japanese men. J Neurol Sci 2013; 335 (1–2): 164–8.
26. Edjoc RK, Reid RD, Sharma M, Fang J. The prognostic effect of cigarette smoking on stroke severity, disability, length of stay in hospital, and mortality in a cohort with cerebrovascular disease. Registry of the Canadian Stroke Network. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2013; 22 (8): e446–54.
27. Fekete K, Szatmári S, Szőcs I et al. Prestroke alcohol consumption and smoking are not associated with stroke severity, disability at discharge, and case fatality. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2014; 23 (1): e31–7.
28. Moulin S, Padjen-Bogosavljevic V, Marichal A et al. Influence of differences in case mix on the better outcome of smokers after intravenous thrombolysis for acute cerebral ischemia. Eur Neurol 2012; 67 (3): 178–83.
29. Weng WC, Huang WY, Chien YY et al. The impact of smoking on the severity of acute ischemic stroke. J Neurol Sci 2011; 308 (1–2): 94–7.
30. Ali SF, Smith EE, Bhatt DL et al. Paradoxical association of smoking with in-hospital mortality among patients admitted with acute ischemic stroke. J Am Heart Assoc 2013; 2 (3): e000171
31. Bang OY, Park HY, Lee PH et al. Improved outcome after atherosclerotic stroke in male smoker. J Neurol Sci 2007; 260 (1–2): 43–8.
32. Kufner A, Nolte CH, Galinovic I et al. Smoking-thrombolysis paradox: recanalization and reperfusion rates after intravenous tissue plasminogen activator in smokers with ischemic stroke. Stroke 2013; 44 (2): 407–13.
33. Ovbiagele B, Saver JL. The smoking-thrombolysis paradox and acute ischemic stroke. Neurology 2005; 65 (2): 293–5.
34. Tong X, Wang C, Liao X et al. Thrombolysis Implementation and Monitor of Acute Ischemic Stroke in China (TIMS-China) Investigators. Smoking-Thrombolysis Relationship Depends on Ischemic Stroke Subtype. Stroke 2016; 47 (7): 1811–6. DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.013124
35. Lee JH, Lee JY, Ahn SH et al. Smoking is Not a Good Prognostic Factor following First-Ever Acute Ischemic Stroke. J Stroke 2015; 17 (2): 177–91. DOI: 10.5853/jos.2015.17.2.177
36. Козяйкин В.В., Исакова Е.В., Елисеев Ю.В. Ведущие факторы риска инсульта и их контроль у пациентов малого городского поселения Московской области. Альманах клин. медицины. 2015; 39: 56–61. / Koziaikin V.V., Isakova E.V., Eliseev Iu.V. Vedushchie faktory riska insul'ta i ikh kontrol' u patsientov malogo gorodskogo poseleniia Moskovskoi oblasti. Al'manakh klin. meditsiny. 2015; 39: 56–61. [in Russian]
37. Ha E, Jo JY, Ahn AL et al. Predictors of Successful Smoking Cessation after Inpatient Intervention for Stroke Patients. Korean J Fam Med 2016; 37 (2): 85–90. DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.2016.37.2.85
38. Верещагина Е.В., Исакова Е.В., Котов С.В. Анализ медицинской грамотности и определение степени риска развития инсульта у пожилых пациентов. Клин. геронтология. 2011; 17 (9–10): 73. / Vereshchagina E.V., Isakova E.V., Kotov S.V. Analiz meditsinskoi gramotnosti i opredelenie stepeni riska razvitiia insul'ta u pozhilykh patsientov. Klin. gerontologiia. 2011; 17 (9–10): 73. [in Russian]
39. Верещагина Е.В., Кель Н.В., Лобанов Д.А. и др. Стратификация риска инсульта у лиц группы риска. Клин. геронтология. 2012; 18 (5–6): 15–19. / Vereshchagina E.V., Kel' N.V., Lobanov D.A. i dr. Stratifikatsiia riska insul'ta u lits gruppy riska. Klin. gerontologiia. 2012; 18 (5–6): 15–19. [in Russian]
40. Bienkowski P, Zatorski P, Glebicka A et al. Readiness Visual Analog Scale: A Simple Way to Predict Post-Stroke Smoking Behavior. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2015; 12 (8): 9536–41. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120809536

________________________________________________

1. Wolf PA, D'Agostino RB, Kannel WB et al. Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for stroke. The Framingham Study. JAMA 1988; 259 (7): 1025–9.
2. Shah RS, Cole JW. Smoking and stroke: the more you smoke the more you stroke. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2010; 8 (7): 917–32.
3. Kotov S.V., Stakhovskaia L.V., Isakova E.V. i dr. Insul't: rukovodstvo dlia vrachei. Pod red. L.V.Stakhovskoi, S.V.Kotova. M.: MIA, 2014. [in Russian]
4. http://www.who.int/nmh/publications/ncd-status-report-2014/en/
5. Go AS, Mozaffarian D, Roger VL et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics – 2013 update: a report from the American Heart Association. American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee Circulation 2013; 127 (1): e6–e245.
6. US Department of Health and Human Services; CDC; National Center for Health Statistics. Vital and Health Statistics. Summary Health Statistics for U.S. Adults: National Health Interview Survey 2008; DHHS Pub No.2010–1570: p. 42. www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_10/sr10_242.pdf
7. Hong KS, Bang OY, Kang DW et al. Stroke statistics in Korea: part I. Epidemiology and risk factors: a report from the korean stroke society and clinical research center for stroke. J Stroke 2013; 15 (1): 2–20.
8. Bonita R, Duncan J, Truelsen T et al. Passive smoking as well as active smoking increases the risk of acute stroke. Tob Control 1999; 8; 156–60.
9. Iribarren C, Darbinian J, Klatsky AL, Friedman GD. Cohort study of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and risk of first ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack. Neuroepidemiology 2004; 23 (1–2): 38–44.
10. Wilson N, Thomson G. Still dying from second-hand smoke at work: a brief review of the evidence for smoke-free workplaces in New Zealand. N Z Med J 2002; 8: 115 (1165): U240.
11. Bhat VM, Cole JW, Sorkin JD et al. Dose-response relationship between cigarette smoking and risk of ischemic stroke in young women. Stroke 2008; 39: 2439–43.
12. Hata J, Doi Y, Ninomiya T et al. Combined effects of smoking and hypercholesterolemia on the risk of stroke and coronary heart disease in Japanese: the Hisayama study. Cerebrovasc Dis 2011; 31: 477–84.
13. Bester J, van Rooy MJ, Mbotwe S et al. Transient ischemic attack during smoking: The thrombotic state of erythrocytes and platelets illustrated visually. Ultrastruct Pathol 2016; 40 (1): 57–9. DOI: 10.3109/01913123.2015.1120840
14. Wang W, Shen G, Shahar E et al. Forced Expiratory Volume in the First Second and Aldosterone as Mediators of Smoking Effect on Stroke in African Americans: The Jackson Heart Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5 (1): pii: e002689. DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.115.002689
15. Hashimoto T, Kikuya M, Ohkubo T et al. Home blood pressure level, blood pressure variability, smoking, and stroke risk in Japanese men: the Ohasama study. Am J Hypertens 2012; 25: 883–91.
16. Lee PN, Fry JS. Systematic review of the evidence relating FEV1 decline to giving up smoking. BMC Med 2010; 8: 84.
17. Bowman TS, Gaziano JM, Buring JE, Sesso HD. A prospective study of cigarette smoking and risk of incident hypertension in women. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007; 50 (21): 2085–92.
18. Heeringa J, Kors JA, Hofman A et al. Cigarette smoking and risk of atrial fibrillation: the Rotterdam Study. Am Heart J 2008; 156 (6): 1163–9.
19. Benjamin EJ, Levy D, Vaziri SM et al. Independent risk factors for atrial fibrillation in a population-based cohort. The Framingham Heart Study. JAMA 1994; 271 (11): 840–4.
20. Go AS, Hylek EM, Phillips KA et al. Prevalence of diagnosed atrial fibrillation in adults: national implications for rhythm management and stroke prevention: the AnTicoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation (ATRIA) Study. JAMA 2001; 285 (18): 2370–5.
21. Satoh M, Kikuya M, Ohkubo T et al. Aldosterone‐to‐renin ratio as a predictor of stroke under conditions of high sodium intake: the Ohasama study. Am J Hypertens 2012; 25: 777–83.
22. Albertsen IE, Overvad TF, Lip GY, Larsen TB. Smoking, atrial fibrillation, and ischemic stroke: a confluence of epidemics. Curr Opin Cardiol 2015; 30 (5): 512–7. DOI: 10.1097/HCO.0000000000000205
23. Gutierrez J, Koch S, Dong C et al. Racial and ethnic disparities in stroke subtypes: a multiethnic sample of patients with stroke. Neurol Sci 2014; 35 (4): 577–82. DOI: 10.1007/s10072-013-1561-z
24. Angoulvant D, Villejoubert O, Bejan-Angoulvant T et al. Effect of Active Smoking on Comparative Efficacy of Antithrombotic Therapy in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: The Loire Valley Atrial Fibrillation Project. Chest 2015; 148 (2): 491–8. DOI: 10.1378/chest.14-3006
25. Kumagai N, Okuhara Y, Iiyama T et al. Effects of smoking on outcomes after acute atherothrombotic stroke in Japanese men. J Neurol Sci 2013; 335 (1–2): 164–8.
26. Edjoc RK, Reid RD, Sharma M, Fang J. The prognostic effect of cigarette smoking on stroke severity, disability, length of stay in hospital, and mortality in a cohort with cerebrovascular disease. Registry of the Canadian Stroke Network. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2013; 22 (8): e446–54.
27. Fekete K, Szatmári S, Szőcs I et al. Prestroke alcohol consumption and smoking are not associated with stroke severity, disability at discharge, and case fatality. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2014; 23 (1): e31–7.
28. Moulin S, Padjen-Bogosavljevic V, Marichal A et al. Influence of differences in case mix on the better outcome of smokers after intravenous thrombolysis for acute cerebral ischemia. Eur Neurol 2012; 67 (3): 178–83.
29. Weng WC, Huang WY, Chien YY et al. The impact of smoking on the severity of acute ischemic stroke. J Neurol Sci 2011; 308 (1–2): 94–7.
30. Ali SF, Smith EE, Bhatt DL et al. Paradoxical association of smoking with in-hospital mortality among patients admitted with acute ischemic stroke. J Am Heart Assoc 2013; 2 (3): e000171
31. Bang OY, Park HY, Lee PH et al. Improved outcome after atherosclerotic stroke in male smoker. J Neurol Sci 2007; 260 (1–2): 43–8.
32. Kufner A, Nolte CH, Galinovic I et al. Smoking-thrombolysis paradox: recanalization and reperfusion rates after intravenous tissue plasminogen activator in smokers with ischemic stroke. Stroke 2013; 44 (2): 407–13.
33. Ovbiagele B, Saver JL. The smoking-thrombolysis paradox and acute ischemic stroke. Neurology 2005; 65 (2): 293–5.
34. Tong X, Wang C, Liao X et al. Thrombolysis Implementation and Monitor of Acute Ischemic Stroke in China (TIMS-China) Investigators. Smoking-Thrombolysis Relationship Depends on Ischemic Stroke Subtype. Stroke 2016; 47 (7): 1811–6. DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.013124
35. Lee JH, Lee JY, Ahn SH et al. Smoking is Not a Good Prognostic Factor following First-Ever Acute Ischemic Stroke. J Stroke 2015; 17 (2): 177–91. DOI: 10.5853/jos.2015.17.2.177
36. Koziaikin V.V., Isakova E.V., Eliseev Iu.V. Vedushchie faktory riska insul'ta i ikh kontrol' u patsientov malogo gorodskogo poseleniia Moskovskoi oblasti. Al'manakh klin. meditsiny. 2015; 39: 56–61. [in Russian]
37. Ha E, Jo JY, Ahn AL et al. Predictors of Successful Smoking Cessation after Inpatient Intervention for Stroke Patients. Korean J Fam Med 2016; 37 (2): 85–90. DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.2016.37.2.85
38. Vereshchagina E.V., Isakova E.V., Kotov S.V. Analiz meditsinskoi gramotnosti i opredelenie stepeni riska razvitiia insul'ta u pozhilykh patsientov. Klin. gerontologiia. 2011; 17 (9–10): 73. [in Russian]
39. Vereshchagina E.V., Kel' N.V., Lobanov D.A. i dr. Stratifikatsiia riska insul'ta u lits gruppy riska. Klin. gerontologiia. 2012; 18 (5–6): 15–19. [in Russian]
40. Bienkowski P, Zatorski P, Glebicka A et al. Readiness Visual Analog Scale: A Simple Way to Predict Post-Stroke Smoking Behavior. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2015; 12 (8): 9536–41. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120809536

В.В.Козяйкин, С.В.Котов*, Е.В.Исакова

ГБУЗ МО «Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт им. М.Ф.Владимирского». 129110, Россия, Москва, ул. Щепкина, д. 61/2
*kotovsv@yandex.ru

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