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Идиопатический легочный фиброз
Идиопатический легочный фиброз
Авдеев С.Н. Идиопатический легочный фиброз. Consilium Medicum. 2017; 19 (3): 17–23.
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Аннотация
Идиопатический легочный фиброз (ИЛФ) является наиболее частым заболеванием из группы интерстициальных заболеваний легких и встречается преимущественно у лиц среднего и пожилого возраста. На протяжении последнего десятилетия произошли значительные изменения в подходах к диагностике и лечению ИЛФ. В статье содержатся современные данные об эпидемиологии ИЛФ, приведены результаты новых исследований о патогенезе, освещены основные подходы к диагностике заболевания. Кроме того, представлены новые данные о терапии ИЛФ.
Ключевые слова:интерстициальные заболевания легких, идиопатический легочный фиброз, эпидемиология, терапия.
Ключевые слова:интерстициальные заболевания легких, идиопатический легочный фиброз, эпидемиология, терапия.
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Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common disease from the group interstitial lung disease and occurs predominantly in persons of middle and old age. Over the past decade there have been significant changes in approaches to diagnosis and treatment of IPF. This article contains modern data on the epidemiology of IPF, the results of new research on the pathogenesis, basic approaches to the diagnosis of the disease. In addition, presented new data on the therapy of IPF.
Key words: interstitial lung disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, epidemiology, therapy.
Key words: interstitial lung disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, epidemiology, therapy.
Полный текст
Список литературы
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24. Selman M, Pardo A. Revealing the pathogenic and aging-related mechanisms of the enigmatic idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2014; 189 (10): 1161–72.
25. Wuyts WA, Agostini C, Antoniou KM et al. The pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis: a moving target. Eur Respir J 2013; 41: 1207–18.
26. Fingerlin TE, Murphy E, Zhang W et al. Genome-wide association study identifies multiple susceptibility loci for pulmonary fibrosis. Nat Genet 2013; 45: 613–20.
27. Noth I, Zhang Y, Ma SF et al. Genetic variants associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis susceptibility and mortality: a genome-wide association study. Lancet Respir Med 2013; 1: 309–17.
28. Roy MG, Livraghi-Butrico A, Fletcher AA et al. Muc5b is required for airway defence. Nature 2014; 505: 412–6.
29. Seibold MA, Wise AL, Speer MC et al. A common MUC5B promoter polymorphism and pulmonary fibrosis. N Engl J Med 2011; 364: 1503–12.
30. Peljto AL, Zhang Y, Fingerlin TE et al. Association between the MUC5B promoter polymorphism and survival in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. JAMA 2013; 309: 2232–9.
31. Kropski JA, Blackwell TS, Loyd JE. The genetic basis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Eur Respir J 2015; 45: 1717–27.
32. Kropski JA, Pritchett JM, Zoz DF et al. Extensive phenotyping of individuals at risk for familial interstitial pneumonia reveals clues to the pathogenesis of interstitial lung disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 191: 417–26.
33. Stuart BD, Lee JS, Kozlitina J et al. Effect of telomere length on survival in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: an observational cohort study with independent validation. Lancet Respir Med 2014; 2: 557–65.
34. Richeldi L, Rubin A, Avdeev S et al. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in BRIC countries: the cases of Brazil, Russia, India, and China. BMC Medicine 2015; 13: 237.
35. Behr J, Ryu JH. Pulmonary hypertension in interstitial lung disease. Eur Respir J 2008; 31: 1357–67.
36. Nathan SD, Noble PW, Tuder RM. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary hypertension: connecting the dots. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007; 175: 875–80.
37. Silva CI, Müller NL. Idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. J Thorac Imaging 2009; 24: 260–73.
38. Lynch DA, Godwin JD, Safrin S and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Study Group. High-resolution computed tomography in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: diagnosis and prognosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 172: 488–93.
39. Arakawa H, Honma K. Honeycomb lung: history and current concepts. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2011; 196: 773–82.
40. Cottin V, Nunes H, Brillet PY and Groupe d'Etude et de Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines Pulmonaires (GERM O P). Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema: a distinct underrecognised entity. Eur Respir J 2005; 26: 586–93.
41. Jankowich MD, Rounds SI. Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema syndrome: a review. Chest 2012; 141: 222–31.
42. Ryerson CJ, Hartman T, Elicker BM et al. Clinical features and outcomes in combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Chest 2013; 144: 234–40.
43. Zhang Y, Kaminski N. Biomarkers in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2012; 18: 441–6.
44. Vij R, Noth I. Peripheral blood biomarkers in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Transl Res 2012; 159: 218–27.
45. Tzouvelekis A, Kouliatsis G, Anevlavis S, Bouros D. Serum biomarkers in interstitial lung diseases. Respir Res 2005; 6: 78.
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49. Ryerson CJ, Urbania TH, Richeldi L et al. Prevalence and prognosis of unclassifiable interstitial lung disease. Eur Respir J 2013; 42: 750–7.
50. Tomassetti S, Wells AU, Costabel U et al. Bronchoscopic Lung Cryobiopsy Increases Diagnostic Confidence in the Multidisciplinary Diagnosis of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 193: 745–52.
51. Spagnolo P, Wells AU, Collard HR. Pharmacological treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: an update. Drug Discovery Today 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2015.01.001
52. Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Clinical Research Network. Prednisone, azathioprine, and N-acetylcysteine for pulmonary fibrosis. N Engl J Med 2012; 366: 1968–77.
53. Raghu G, Rochwerg B, Zhang Y et al. An Official ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT Clinical Practice Guideline: Treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Executive Summary An Update of the 2011 Clinical Practice Guideline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 192: e3–e19.
54. Richeldi L, Costabel U, Selman M et al. Efficacy of a tyrosine kinase inhibitor in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. N Engl J Med 2011; 365: 1079–87.
55. Richeldi L, du Bois RM, Raghu G et al. Efficacy and safety of nintedanib in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. N Engl J Med 2014; 370: 2071–82.
56. Richeldi L, Cottin V, du Bois RM et al. Nintedanib in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Combined evidence from the TOMORROW and INPULSIS® trials. Respir Med 2016; 113: 74–9.
57. Oku H, Shimizu T, Kawabata T et al. Antifibrotic action of pirfenidone and prednisolone: different effects on pulmonary cytokines and growth factors in bleomycin-induced murine pulmonary fibrosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 590: 400–8.
58. King TE, Bradford WZ, Castro-Bernardini S et al. A phase 3 trial of pirfenidone in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. N Engl J Med 2014; 370: 2083–92.
59. Demedts M, Behr J, Buhl R et al. High-dose acetylcysteine in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. N Engl J Med 2005; 353: 2229–42.
60. Martinez FJ, de Andrade JA, Anstrom KJ et al and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Clinical Research Network. Randomized trial of N-acetylcysteine in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. N Engl J Med 2014; 370: 2093–101.
61. Oldham JM, Ma S-F, Martinez FJ et al. TOLLIP, MUC5B, and the Response to N-Acetylcysteine among Individuals with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 192: 1475–82.
62. Tobin RW, Pope CE, Pellegrini CA et al. Increased prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998; 158: 1804–8.
63. Lee JS, Collard HR, Raghu G et al. Does chronic microaspiration cause idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis? Am J Med 2010; 123: 304–11.
64. Lee JS, Ryu JH, Elicker BM et al. Gastroesophageal reflux therapy is associated with longer survival in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011; 184: 1390–4.
65. Lee JS, Collard HR, Anstrom KJ et al. Anti-acid treatment and disease progression in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: an analysis of data from three randomised controlled trials. Lancet Respir Med 2013; 1: 369–76.
66. Raghu G, Meyer KC. Silent gastro-oesophageal reflux and microaspiration in IPF: mounting evidence for anti-reflux therapy? Eur Respir J 2012; 39: 242–5.
67. Dallemagne B, Weerts J, Markiewicz S et al. Clinical results of laparoscopic fundoplication at ten years after surgery. Surg Endosc 2006; 20: 159–65.
68. Raghu G, Morrow E, Collins BF et al. Laparoscopic anti-reflux surgery for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis at a single centre. Eur Respir J 2016; 48: 826–32.
2. Interstitsial'nye i orfannye zabolevaniia legkikh. Biblioteka vracha-spetsialista. Pod red. M.M.Il'kovicha. M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2016. [in Russian]
3. Avdeev S.N. Idiopaticheskii legochnyi fibroz. Pul'monologiia. 2015; 25 (5): 600–12. [in Russian]
4. Raghu G, Collard HR, Egan JJ et al and ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT Committee on Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. An official ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT statement: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; evidence-based guidelines for diagnosis and management. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011; 183: 788–824.
5. Travis WD, Costabel U, Hansell DM and ATS/ERS Committee on Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias. An official American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society statement: update of the international multidisciplinary classification of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2013; 188: 733–48.
6. Ryu JH, Moua T, Daniels CE et al. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Evolving concepts. Mayo Clin Proc 2014; 89: 1130–42.
7. King TE, Pardo A, Selman M. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Lancet 2011; 378: 1949–61.
8. Navaratnam VFK, West J, Smith CJ et al. The rising incidence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in the UK. Thorax 2011; 66: 462–7.
9. Vancheri C, Failla M, Crimi N, Raghu G. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a disease with similarities and links to cancer biology. Eur Respir J 2010; 35: 496–504.
10. Collard HR, Chen S-Y, Yeh W-S et al. Health care utilization and costs in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in United States medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years and older. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2015; 12: 981–7.
11. Thomeer M, Demedts M, Vandeurzen K. Registration of interstitial lung diseases by 20 centres of respiratory medicine in Flanders. Acta Clin Belg 2001; 56: 163–72.
12. Tinelli C, de Silvestri A, Richeldi L, Oggionni T. The Italian register for diffuse infiltrative lung disorders (RIPID): a four-year report. Sarcoidosis Vasc. Diffuse Lung Dis 2005; 22: S4–8.
13. American Thoracic Society. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: diagnosis and treatment; international consensus statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 161: 646–64.
14. Raghu G, Chen S-Y, YehW-S et al. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in US Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years and older: incidence, prevalence and survival, 2001–2011. Lancet Respir Med 2014; 2: 566–72.
15. Natsuizaka M, Chiba H, Kuronuma K et al. Epidemiologic survey of Japanese patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and investigation of ethnic differences. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2014; 190: 773–9.
16. Coultas DB, Zumwalt RE, Black WC, Sobonya RE. The epidemiology of interstitial lung diseases. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994; 150: 967–72.
17. Mannino DM, Etzel R, Parrish RG. Pulmonary fibrosis deaths in theUnited States, 1979–1991. An analysis of multiple-cause mortality data. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 153: 1548–52.
18. Johnston I, Britton J, Kinnear W, Logan R. Rising mortality from cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis. BMJ 1990; 301: 1017–21.
19. Olson AL, Swigris J, Lezotte DC et al. Mortality from pulmonary fibrosis increased in the United States from1992 to 2003. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007; 176: 277–84.
20. Maher TM, Wells AU, Laurent GJ. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: multiple causes and multiple mechanisms? Eur Respir J 2007; 30: 835–9.
21. Daccord C, Maher TM. Recent advances in understanding idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. F1000Research 2016, 5(F1000 Faculty Rev): 1046. DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.8209.1.
22. Wuyts WA, Antoniou KM, Borensztajn K et al. Combination therapy: the future of management for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis? Lancet Respir Med 2014; 2 (11): 933–42.
23. Ahluwalia N, Shea BS, Tager AM. New therapeutic targets in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Aiming to rein in runaway wound-healing responses. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2014; 190: 867–78.
24. Selman M, Pardo A. Revealing the pathogenic and aging-related mechanisms of the enigmatic idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2014; 189 (10): 1161–72.
25. Wuyts WA, Agostini C, Antoniou KM et al. The pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis: a moving target. Eur Respir J 2013; 41: 1207–18.
26. Fingerlin TE, Murphy E, Zhang W et al. Genome-wide association study identifies multiple susceptibility loci for pulmonary fibrosis. Nat Genet 2013; 45: 613–20.
27. Noth I, Zhang Y, Ma SF et al. Genetic variants associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis susceptibility and mortality: a genome-wide association study. Lancet Respir Med 2013; 1: 309–17.
28. Roy MG, Livraghi-Butrico A, Fletcher AA et al. Muc5b is required for airway defence. Nature 2014; 505: 412–6.
29. Seibold MA, Wise AL, Speer MC et al. A common MUC5B promoter polymorphism and pulmonary fibrosis. N Engl J Med 2011; 364: 1503–12.
30. Peljto AL, Zhang Y, Fingerlin TE et al. Association between the MUC5B promoter polymorphism and survival in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. JAMA 2013; 309: 2232–9.
31. Kropski JA, Blackwell TS, Loyd JE. The genetic basis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Eur Respir J 2015; 45: 1717–27.
32. Kropski JA, Pritchett JM, Zoz DF et al. Extensive phenotyping of individuals at risk for familial interstitial pneumonia reveals clues to the pathogenesis of interstitial lung disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 191: 417–26.
33. Stuart BD, Lee JS, Kozlitina J et al. Effect of telomere length on survival in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: an observational cohort study with independent validation. Lancet Respir Med 2014; 2: 557–65.
34. Richeldi L, Rubin A, Avdeev S et al. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in BRIC countries: the cases of Brazil, Russia, India, and China. BMC Medicine 2015; 13: 237.
35. Behr J, Ryu JH. Pulmonary hypertension in interstitial lung disease. Eur Respir J 2008; 31: 1357–67.
36. Nathan SD, Noble PW, Tuder RM. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary hypertension: connecting the dots. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007; 175: 875–80.
37. Silva CI, Müller NL. Idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. J Thorac Imaging 2009; 24: 260–73.
38. Lynch DA, Godwin JD, Safrin S and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Study Group. High-resolution computed tomography in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: diagnosis and prognosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 172: 488–93.
39. Arakawa H, Honma K. Honeycomb lung: history and current concepts. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2011; 196: 773–82.
40. Cottin V, Nunes H, Brillet PY and Groupe d'Etude et de Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines Pulmonaires (GERM O P). Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema: a distinct underrecognised entity. Eur Respir J 2005; 26: 586–93.
41. Jankowich MD, Rounds SI. Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema syndrome: a review. Chest 2012; 141: 222–31.
42. Ryerson CJ, Hartman T, Elicker BM et al. Clinical features and outcomes in combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Chest 2013; 144: 234–40.
43. Zhang Y, Kaminski N. Biomarkers in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2012; 18: 441–6.
44. Vij R, Noth I. Peripheral blood biomarkers in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Transl Res 2012; 159: 218–27.
45. Tzouvelekis A, Kouliatsis G, Anevlavis S, Bouros D. Serum biomarkers in interstitial lung diseases. Respir Res 2005; 6: 78.
46. Prasse A, Müller-Quernheim J. Non-invasive biomarkers in pulmonary fibrosis. Respirology 2009; 14: 788–95.
47. Avdeeva O.E., Lebedin Iu.S., Avdeev S.N. i dr. Glikozilirovannyi mutsin-antigen 3EG5 – syvorotochnyi marker aktivnosti i tiazhesti pri interstitsial'nykh zabolevaniiakh legkikh. Pul'monologiia. 1998; 2: 22–7. [in Russian]
48. Hutchinson JP, Fogarty AW, McKeever TM et al. In-Hospital Mortality after Surgical Lung Biopsy for Interstitial Lung Disease in the United States. 2000 to 2011. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 193: 1161–7.
49. Ryerson CJ, Urbania TH, Richeldi L et al. Prevalence and prognosis of unclassifiable interstitial lung disease. Eur Respir J 2013; 42: 750–7.
50. Tomassetti S, Wells AU, Costabel U et al. Bronchoscopic Lung Cryobiopsy Increases Diagnostic Confidence in the Multidisciplinary Diagnosis of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 193: 745–52.
51. Spagnolo P, Wells AU, Collard HR. Pharmacological treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: an update. Drug Discovery Today 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2015.01.001
52. Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Clinical Research Network. Prednisone, azathioprine, and N-acetylcysteine for pulmonary fibrosis. N Engl J Med 2012; 366: 1968–77.
53. Raghu G, Rochwerg B, Zhang Y et al. An Official ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT Clinical Practice Guideline: Treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Executive Summary An Update of the 2011 Clinical Practice Guideline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 192: e3–e19.
54. Richeldi L, Costabel U, Selman M et al. Efficacy of a tyrosine kinase inhibitor in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. N Engl J Med 2011; 365: 1079–87.
55. Richeldi L, du Bois RM, Raghu G et al. Efficacy and safety of nintedanib in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. N Engl J Med 2014; 370: 2071–82.
56. Richeldi L, Cottin V, du Bois RM et al. Nintedanib in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Combined evidence from the TOMORROW and INPULSIS® trials. Respir Med 2016; 113: 74–9.
57. Oku H, Shimizu T, Kawabata T et al. Antifibrotic action of pirfenidone and prednisolone: different effects on pulmonary cytokines and growth factors in bleomycin-induced murine pulmonary fibrosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 590: 400–8.
58. King TE, Bradford WZ, Castro-Bernardini S et al. A phase 3 trial of pirfenidone in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. N Engl J Med 2014; 370: 2083–92.
59. Demedts M, Behr J, Buhl R et al. High-dose acetylcysteine in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. N Engl J Med 2005; 353: 2229–42.
60. Martinez FJ, de Andrade JA, Anstrom KJ et al and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Clinical Research Network. Randomized trial of N-acetylcysteine in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. N Engl J Med 2014; 370: 2093–101.
61. Oldham JM, Ma S-F, Martinez FJ et al. TOLLIP, MUC5B, and the Response to N-Acetylcysteine among Individuals with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 192: 1475–82.
62. Tobin RW, Pope CE, Pellegrini CA et al. Increased prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998; 158: 1804–8.
63. Lee JS, Collard HR, Raghu G et al. Does chronic microaspiration cause idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis? Am J Med 2010; 123: 304–11.
64. Lee JS, Ryu JH, Elicker BM et al. Gastroesophageal reflux therapy is associated with longer survival in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011; 184: 1390–4.
65. Lee JS, Collard HR, Anstrom KJ et al. Anti-acid treatment and disease progression in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: an analysis of data from three randomised controlled trials. Lancet Respir Med 2013; 1: 369–76.
66. Raghu G, Meyer KC. Silent gastro-oesophageal reflux and microaspiration in IPF: mounting evidence for anti-reflux therapy? Eur Respir J 2012; 39: 242–5.
67. Dallemagne B, Weerts J, Markiewicz S et al. Clinical results of laparoscopic fundoplication at ten years after surgery. Surg Endosc 2006; 20: 159–65.
68. Raghu G, Morrow E, Collins BF et al. Laparoscopic anti-reflux surgery for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis at a single centre. Eur Respir J 2016; 48: 826–32.
2. Интерстициальные и орфанные заболевания легких. Библиотека врача-специалиста. Под ред. М.М.Ильковича. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2016. / Interstitsial'nye i orfannye zabolevaniia legkikh. Biblioteka vracha-spetsialista. Pod red. M.M.Il'kovicha. M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2016. [in Russian]
3. Авдеев С.Н. Идиопатический легочный фиброз. Пульмонология. 2015; 25 (5): 600–12. / Avdeev S.N. Idiopaticheskii legochnyi fibroz. Pul'monologiia. 2015; 25 (5): 600–12. [in Russian]
4. Raghu G, Collard HR, Egan JJ et al and ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT Committee on Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. An official ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT statement: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; evidence-based guidelines for diagnosis and management. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011; 183: 788–824.
5. Travis WD, Costabel U, Hansell DM and ATS/ERS Committee on Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias. An official American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society statement: update of the international multidisciplinary classification of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2013; 188: 733–48.
6. Ryu JH, Moua T, Daniels CE et al. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Evolving concepts. Mayo Clin Proc 2014; 89: 1130–42.
7. King TE, Pardo A, Selman M. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Lancet 2011; 378: 1949–61.
8. Navaratnam VFK, West J, Smith CJ et al. The rising incidence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in the UK. Thorax 2011; 66: 462–7.
9. Vancheri C, Failla M, Crimi N, Raghu G. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a disease with similarities and links to cancer biology. Eur Respir J 2010; 35: 496–504.
10. Collard HR, Chen S-Y, Yeh W-S et al. Health care utilization and costs in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in United States medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years and older. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2015; 12: 981–7.
11. Thomeer M, Demedts M, Vandeurzen K. Registration of interstitial lung diseases by 20 centres of respiratory medicine in Flanders. Acta Clin Belg 2001; 56: 163–72.
12. Tinelli C, de Silvestri A, Richeldi L, Oggionni T. The Italian register for diffuse infiltrative lung disorders (RIPID): a four-year report. Sarcoidosis Vasc. Diffuse Lung Dis 2005; 22: S4–8.
13. American Thoracic Society. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: diagnosis and treatment; international consensus statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 161: 646–64.
14. Raghu G, Chen S-Y, YehW-S et al. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in US Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years and older: incidence, prevalence and survival, 2001–2011. Lancet Respir Med 2014; 2: 566–72.
15. Natsuizaka M, Chiba H, Kuronuma K et al. Epidemiologic survey of Japanese patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and investigation of ethnic differences. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2014; 190: 773–9.
16. Coultas DB, Zumwalt RE, Black WC, Sobonya RE. The epidemiology of interstitial lung diseases. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994; 150: 967–72.
17. Mannino DM, Etzel R, Parrish RG. Pulmonary fibrosis deaths in theUnited States, 1979–1991. An analysis of multiple-cause mortality data. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 153: 1548–52.
18. Johnston I, Britton J, Kinnear W, Logan R. Rising mortality from cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis. BMJ 1990; 301: 1017–21.
19. Olson AL, Swigris J, Lezotte DC et al. Mortality from pulmonary fibrosis increased in the United States from1992 to 2003. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007; 176: 277–84.
20. Maher TM, Wells AU, Laurent GJ. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: multiple causes and multiple mechanisms? Eur Respir J 2007; 30: 835–9.
21. Daccord C, Maher TM. Recent advances in understanding idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. F1000Research 2016, 5(F1000 Faculty Rev): 1046. DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.8209.1.
22. Wuyts WA, Antoniou KM, Borensztajn K et al. Combination therapy: the future of management for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis? Lancet Respir Med 2014; 2 (11): 933–42.
23. Ahluwalia N, Shea BS, Tager AM. New therapeutic targets in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Aiming to rein in runaway wound-healing responses. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2014; 190: 867–78.
24. Selman M, Pardo A. Revealing the pathogenic and aging-related mechanisms of the enigmatic idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2014; 189 (10): 1161–72.
25. Wuyts WA, Agostini C, Antoniou KM et al. The pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis: a moving target. Eur Respir J 2013; 41: 1207–18.
26. Fingerlin TE, Murphy E, Zhang W et al. Genome-wide association study identifies multiple susceptibility loci for pulmonary fibrosis. Nat Genet 2013; 45: 613–20.
27. Noth I, Zhang Y, Ma SF et al. Genetic variants associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis susceptibility and mortality: a genome-wide association study. Lancet Respir Med 2013; 1: 309–17.
28. Roy MG, Livraghi-Butrico A, Fletcher AA et al. Muc5b is required for airway defence. Nature 2014; 505: 412–6.
29. Seibold MA, Wise AL, Speer MC et al. A common MUC5B promoter polymorphism and pulmonary fibrosis. N Engl J Med 2011; 364: 1503–12.
30. Peljto AL, Zhang Y, Fingerlin TE et al. Association between the MUC5B promoter polymorphism and survival in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. JAMA 2013; 309: 2232–9.
31. Kropski JA, Blackwell TS, Loyd JE. The genetic basis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Eur Respir J 2015; 45: 1717–27.
32. Kropski JA, Pritchett JM, Zoz DF et al. Extensive phenotyping of individuals at risk for familial interstitial pneumonia reveals clues to the pathogenesis of interstitial lung disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 191: 417–26.
33. Stuart BD, Lee JS, Kozlitina J et al. Effect of telomere length on survival in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: an observational cohort study with independent validation. Lancet Respir Med 2014; 2: 557–65.
34. Richeldi L, Rubin A, Avdeev S et al. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in BRIC countries: the cases of Brazil, Russia, India, and China. BMC Medicine 2015; 13: 237.
35. Behr J, Ryu JH. Pulmonary hypertension in interstitial lung disease. Eur Respir J 2008; 31: 1357–67.
36. Nathan SD, Noble PW, Tuder RM. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary hypertension: connecting the dots. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007; 175: 875–80.
37. Silva CI, Müller NL. Idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. J Thorac Imaging 2009; 24: 260–73.
38. Lynch DA, Godwin JD, Safrin S and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Study Group. High-resolution computed tomography in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: diagnosis and prognosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 172: 488–93.
39. Arakawa H, Honma K. Honeycomb lung: history and current concepts. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2011; 196: 773–82.
40. Cottin V, Nunes H, Brillet PY and Groupe d'Etude et de Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines Pulmonaires (GERM O P). Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema: a distinct underrecognised entity. Eur Respir J 2005; 26: 586–93.
41. Jankowich MD, Rounds SI. Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema syndrome: a review. Chest 2012; 141: 222–31.
42. Ryerson CJ, Hartman T, Elicker BM et al. Clinical features and outcomes in combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Chest 2013; 144: 234–40.
43. Zhang Y, Kaminski N. Biomarkers in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2012; 18: 441–6.
44. Vij R, Noth I. Peripheral blood biomarkers in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Transl Res 2012; 159: 218–27.
45. Tzouvelekis A, Kouliatsis G, Anevlavis S, Bouros D. Serum biomarkers in interstitial lung diseases. Respir Res 2005; 6: 78.
46. Prasse A, Müller-Quernheim J. Non-invasive biomarkers in pulmonary fibrosis. Respirology 2009; 14: 788–95.
47. Авдеева О.Е., Лебедин Ю.С., Авдеев С.Н. и др. Гликозилированный муцин-антиген 3EG5 – сывороточный маркер активности и тяжести при интерстициальных заболеваниях легких. Пульмонология. 1998; 2: 22–7. / Avdeeva O.E., Lebedin Iu.S., Avdeev S.N. i dr. Glikozilirovannyi mutsin-antigen 3EG5 – syvorotochnyi marker aktivnosti i tiazhesti pri interstitsial'nykh zabolevaniiakh legkikh. Pul'monologiia. 1998; 2: 22–7. [in Russian]
48. Hutchinson JP, Fogarty AW, McKeever TM et al. In-Hospital Mortality after Surgical Lung Biopsy for Interstitial Lung Disease in the United States. 2000 to 2011. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 193: 1161–7.
49. Ryerson CJ, Urbania TH, Richeldi L et al. Prevalence and prognosis of unclassifiable interstitial lung disease. Eur Respir J 2013; 42: 750–7.
50. Tomassetti S, Wells AU, Costabel U et al. Bronchoscopic Lung Cryobiopsy Increases Diagnostic Confidence in the Multidisciplinary Diagnosis of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 193: 745–52.
51. Spagnolo P, Wells AU, Collard HR. Pharmacological treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: an update. Drug Discovery Today 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2015.01.001
52. Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Clinical Research Network. Prednisone, azathioprine, and N-acetylcysteine for pulmonary fibrosis. N Engl J Med 2012; 366: 1968–77.
53. Raghu G, Rochwerg B, Zhang Y et al. An Official ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT Clinical Practice Guideline: Treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Executive Summary An Update of the 2011 Clinical Practice Guideline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 192: e3–e19.
54. Richeldi L, Costabel U, Selman M et al. Efficacy of a tyrosine kinase inhibitor in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. N Engl J Med 2011; 365: 1079–87.
55. Richeldi L, du Bois RM, Raghu G et al. Efficacy and safety of nintedanib in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. N Engl J Med 2014; 370: 2071–82.
56. Richeldi L, Cottin V, du Bois RM et al. Nintedanib in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Combined evidence from the TOMORROW and INPULSIS® trials. Respir Med 2016; 113: 74–9.
57. Oku H, Shimizu T, Kawabata T et al. Antifibrotic action of pirfenidone and prednisolone: different effects on pulmonary cytokines and growth factors in bleomycin-induced murine pulmonary fibrosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 590: 400–8.
58. King TE, Bradford WZ, Castro-Bernardini S et al. A phase 3 trial of pirfenidone in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. N Engl J Med 2014; 370: 2083–92.
59. Demedts M, Behr J, Buhl R et al. High-dose acetylcysteine in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. N Engl J Med 2005; 353: 2229–42.
60. Martinez FJ, de Andrade JA, Anstrom KJ et al and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Clinical Research Network. Randomized trial of N-acetylcysteine in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. N Engl J Med 2014; 370: 2093–101.
61. Oldham JM, Ma S-F, Martinez FJ et al. TOLLIP, MUC5B, and the Response to N-Acetylcysteine among Individuals with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 192: 1475–82.
62. Tobin RW, Pope CE, Pellegrini CA et al. Increased prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998; 158: 1804–8.
63. Lee JS, Collard HR, Raghu G et al. Does chronic microaspiration cause idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis? Am J Med 2010; 123: 304–11.
64. Lee JS, Ryu JH, Elicker BM et al. Gastroesophageal reflux therapy is associated with longer survival in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011; 184: 1390–4.
65. Lee JS, Collard HR, Anstrom KJ et al. Anti-acid treatment and disease progression in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: an analysis of data from three randomised controlled trials. Lancet Respir Med 2013; 1: 369–76.
66. Raghu G, Meyer KC. Silent gastro-oesophageal reflux and microaspiration in IPF: mounting evidence for anti-reflux therapy? Eur Respir J 2012; 39: 242–5.
67. Dallemagne B, Weerts J, Markiewicz S et al. Clinical results of laparoscopic fundoplication at ten years after surgery. Surg Endosc 2006; 20: 159–65.
68. Raghu G, Morrow E, Collins BF et al. Laparoscopic anti-reflux surgery for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis at a single centre. Eur Respir J 2016; 48: 826–32.
________________________________________________
2. Interstitsial'nye i orfannye zabolevaniia legkikh. Biblioteka vracha-spetsialista. Pod red. M.M.Il'kovicha. M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2016. [in Russian]
3. Avdeev S.N. Idiopaticheskii legochnyi fibroz. Pul'monologiia. 2015; 25 (5): 600–12. [in Russian]
4. Raghu G, Collard HR, Egan JJ et al and ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT Committee on Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. An official ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT statement: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; evidence-based guidelines for diagnosis and management. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011; 183: 788–824.
5. Travis WD, Costabel U, Hansell DM and ATS/ERS Committee on Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias. An official American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society statement: update of the international multidisciplinary classification of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2013; 188: 733–48.
6. Ryu JH, Moua T, Daniels CE et al. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Evolving concepts. Mayo Clin Proc 2014; 89: 1130–42.
7. King TE, Pardo A, Selman M. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Lancet 2011; 378: 1949–61.
8. Navaratnam VFK, West J, Smith CJ et al. The rising incidence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in the UK. Thorax 2011; 66: 462–7.
9. Vancheri C, Failla M, Crimi N, Raghu G. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a disease with similarities and links to cancer biology. Eur Respir J 2010; 35: 496–504.
10. Collard HR, Chen S-Y, Yeh W-S et al. Health care utilization and costs in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in United States medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years and older. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2015; 12: 981–7.
11. Thomeer M, Demedts M, Vandeurzen K. Registration of interstitial lung diseases by 20 centres of respiratory medicine in Flanders. Acta Clin Belg 2001; 56: 163–72.
12. Tinelli C, de Silvestri A, Richeldi L, Oggionni T. The Italian register for diffuse infiltrative lung disorders (RIPID): a four-year report. Sarcoidosis Vasc. Diffuse Lung Dis 2005; 22: S4–8.
13. American Thoracic Society. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: diagnosis and treatment; international consensus statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 161: 646–64.
14. Raghu G, Chen S-Y, YehW-S et al. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in US Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years and older: incidence, prevalence and survival, 2001–2011. Lancet Respir Med 2014; 2: 566–72.
15. Natsuizaka M, Chiba H, Kuronuma K et al. Epidemiologic survey of Japanese patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and investigation of ethnic differences. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2014; 190: 773–9.
16. Coultas DB, Zumwalt RE, Black WC, Sobonya RE. The epidemiology of interstitial lung diseases. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994; 150: 967–72.
17. Mannino DM, Etzel R, Parrish RG. Pulmonary fibrosis deaths in theUnited States, 1979–1991. An analysis of multiple-cause mortality data. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 153: 1548–52.
18. Johnston I, Britton J, Kinnear W, Logan R. Rising mortality from cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis. BMJ 1990; 301: 1017–21.
19. Olson AL, Swigris J, Lezotte DC et al. Mortality from pulmonary fibrosis increased in the United States from1992 to 2003. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007; 176: 277–84.
20. Maher TM, Wells AU, Laurent GJ. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: multiple causes and multiple mechanisms? Eur Respir J 2007; 30: 835–9.
21. Daccord C, Maher TM. Recent advances in understanding idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. F1000Research 2016, 5(F1000 Faculty Rev): 1046. DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.8209.1.
22. Wuyts WA, Antoniou KM, Borensztajn K et al. Combination therapy: the future of management for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis? Lancet Respir Med 2014; 2 (11): 933–42.
23. Ahluwalia N, Shea BS, Tager AM. New therapeutic targets in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Aiming to rein in runaway wound-healing responses. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2014; 190: 867–78.
24. Selman M, Pardo A. Revealing the pathogenic and aging-related mechanisms of the enigmatic idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2014; 189 (10): 1161–72.
25. Wuyts WA, Agostini C, Antoniou KM et al. The pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis: a moving target. Eur Respir J 2013; 41: 1207–18.
26. Fingerlin TE, Murphy E, Zhang W et al. Genome-wide association study identifies multiple susceptibility loci for pulmonary fibrosis. Nat Genet 2013; 45: 613–20.
27. Noth I, Zhang Y, Ma SF et al. Genetic variants associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis susceptibility and mortality: a genome-wide association study. Lancet Respir Med 2013; 1: 309–17.
28. Roy MG, Livraghi-Butrico A, Fletcher AA et al. Muc5b is required for airway defence. Nature 2014; 505: 412–6.
29. Seibold MA, Wise AL, Speer MC et al. A common MUC5B promoter polymorphism and pulmonary fibrosis. N Engl J Med 2011; 364: 1503–12.
30. Peljto AL, Zhang Y, Fingerlin TE et al. Association between the MUC5B promoter polymorphism and survival in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. JAMA 2013; 309: 2232–9.
31. Kropski JA, Blackwell TS, Loyd JE. The genetic basis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Eur Respir J 2015; 45: 1717–27.
32. Kropski JA, Pritchett JM, Zoz DF et al. Extensive phenotyping of individuals at risk for familial interstitial pneumonia reveals clues to the pathogenesis of interstitial lung disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 191: 417–26.
33. Stuart BD, Lee JS, Kozlitina J et al. Effect of telomere length on survival in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: an observational cohort study with independent validation. Lancet Respir Med 2014; 2: 557–65.
34. Richeldi L, Rubin A, Avdeev S et al. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in BRIC countries: the cases of Brazil, Russia, India, and China. BMC Medicine 2015; 13: 237.
35. Behr J, Ryu JH. Pulmonary hypertension in interstitial lung disease. Eur Respir J 2008; 31: 1357–67.
36. Nathan SD, Noble PW, Tuder RM. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary hypertension: connecting the dots. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007; 175: 875–80.
37. Silva CI, Müller NL. Idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. J Thorac Imaging 2009; 24: 260–73.
38. Lynch DA, Godwin JD, Safrin S and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Study Group. High-resolution computed tomography in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: diagnosis and prognosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 172: 488–93.
39. Arakawa H, Honma K. Honeycomb lung: history and current concepts. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2011; 196: 773–82.
40. Cottin V, Nunes H, Brillet PY and Groupe d'Etude et de Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines Pulmonaires (GERM O P). Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema: a distinct underrecognised entity. Eur Respir J 2005; 26: 586–93.
41. Jankowich MD, Rounds SI. Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema syndrome: a review. Chest 2012; 141: 222–31.
42. Ryerson CJ, Hartman T, Elicker BM et al. Clinical features and outcomes in combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Chest 2013; 144: 234–40.
43. Zhang Y, Kaminski N. Biomarkers in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2012; 18: 441–6.
44. Vij R, Noth I. Peripheral blood biomarkers in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Transl Res 2012; 159: 218–27.
45. Tzouvelekis A, Kouliatsis G, Anevlavis S, Bouros D. Serum biomarkers in interstitial lung diseases. Respir Res 2005; 6: 78.
46. Prasse A, Müller-Quernheim J. Non-invasive biomarkers in pulmonary fibrosis. Respirology 2009; 14: 788–95.
47. Avdeeva O.E., Lebedin Iu.S., Avdeev S.N. i dr. Glikozilirovannyi mutsin-antigen 3EG5 – syvorotochnyi marker aktivnosti i tiazhesti pri interstitsial'nykh zabolevaniiakh legkikh. Pul'monologiia. 1998; 2: 22–7. [in Russian]
48. Hutchinson JP, Fogarty AW, McKeever TM et al. In-Hospital Mortality after Surgical Lung Biopsy for Interstitial Lung Disease in the United States. 2000 to 2011. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 193: 1161–7.
49. Ryerson CJ, Urbania TH, Richeldi L et al. Prevalence and prognosis of unclassifiable interstitial lung disease. Eur Respir J 2013; 42: 750–7.
50. Tomassetti S, Wells AU, Costabel U et al. Bronchoscopic Lung Cryobiopsy Increases Diagnostic Confidence in the Multidisciplinary Diagnosis of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 193: 745–52.
51. Spagnolo P, Wells AU, Collard HR. Pharmacological treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: an update. Drug Discovery Today 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2015.01.001
52. Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Clinical Research Network. Prednisone, azathioprine, and N-acetylcysteine for pulmonary fibrosis. N Engl J Med 2012; 366: 1968–77.
53. Raghu G, Rochwerg B, Zhang Y et al. An Official ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT Clinical Practice Guideline: Treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Executive Summary An Update of the 2011 Clinical Practice Guideline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 192: e3–e19.
54. Richeldi L, Costabel U, Selman M et al. Efficacy of a tyrosine kinase inhibitor in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. N Engl J Med 2011; 365: 1079–87.
55. Richeldi L, du Bois RM, Raghu G et al. Efficacy and safety of nintedanib in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. N Engl J Med 2014; 370: 2071–82.
56. Richeldi L, Cottin V, du Bois RM et al. Nintedanib in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Combined evidence from the TOMORROW and INPULSIS® trials. Respir Med 2016; 113: 74–9.
57. Oku H, Shimizu T, Kawabata T et al. Antifibrotic action of pirfenidone and prednisolone: different effects on pulmonary cytokines and growth factors in bleomycin-induced murine pulmonary fibrosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 590: 400–8.
58. King TE, Bradford WZ, Castro-Bernardini S et al. A phase 3 trial of pirfenidone in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. N Engl J Med 2014; 370: 2083–92.
59. Demedts M, Behr J, Buhl R et al. High-dose acetylcysteine in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. N Engl J Med 2005; 353: 2229–42.
60. Martinez FJ, de Andrade JA, Anstrom KJ et al and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Clinical Research Network. Randomized trial of N-acetylcysteine in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. N Engl J Med 2014; 370: 2093–101.
61. Oldham JM, Ma S-F, Martinez FJ et al. TOLLIP, MUC5B, and the Response to N-Acetylcysteine among Individuals with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 192: 1475–82.
62. Tobin RW, Pope CE, Pellegrini CA et al. Increased prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998; 158: 1804–8.
63. Lee JS, Collard HR, Raghu G et al. Does chronic microaspiration cause idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis? Am J Med 2010; 123: 304–11.
64. Lee JS, Ryu JH, Elicker BM et al. Gastroesophageal reflux therapy is associated with longer survival in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011; 184: 1390–4.
65. Lee JS, Collard HR, Anstrom KJ et al. Anti-acid treatment and disease progression in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: an analysis of data from three randomised controlled trials. Lancet Respir Med 2013; 1: 369–76.
66. Raghu G, Meyer KC. Silent gastro-oesophageal reflux and microaspiration in IPF: mounting evidence for anti-reflux therapy? Eur Respir J 2012; 39: 242–5.
67. Dallemagne B, Weerts J, Markiewicz S et al. Clinical results of laparoscopic fundoplication at ten years after surgery. Surg Endosc 2006; 20: 159–65.
68. Raghu G, Morrow E, Collins BF et al. Laparoscopic anti-reflux surgery for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis at a single centre. Eur Respir J 2016; 48: 826–32.
Авторы
С.Н.Авдеев
ФГБУ «Научно-исследовательский институт пульмонологии» ФМБА России. 105077, Россия, Москва, ул. 11-я Парковая, д. 32, корп. 4
serg_avdeev@list.ru
ФГБУ «Научно-исследовательский институт пульмонологии» ФМБА России. 105077, Россия, Москва, ул. 11-я Парковая, д. 32, корп. 4
serg_avdeev@list.ru
________________________________________________
S.N.Avdeev
Research Institute of Pulmonology of FMBA of Russia. 105077, Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. 11-ia Parkovaia, d. 32, korp. 4
serg_avdeev@list.ru
Research Institute of Pulmonology of FMBA of Russia. 105077, Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. 11-ia Parkovaia, d. 32, korp. 4
serg_avdeev@list.ru
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