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________________________________________________

1. Dedov I.I., Shestakova M.V. Sakharnyi diabet: ostrye i khronicheskie oslozhneniia. M.: Med. inform. agentstvo, 2012. [in Russian]
2. Solov'eva G.A. Rol' preparata Doksi-khem v lechenii diabeticheskoi retinopatii. Klin. oftal'mologiia. 2003; 4 (1): 43–5. [in Russian]
3. Stitt AW. Histological and ultrastructural investigation of retinal microaneurysm development in diabetic patients. Brit J Ophthalmol 1995; 79: 362–7.
4. Dedov I.I., Shestakova M.V., Maiorov A.Iu. Algoritmy spetsializirovannoi meditsinskoi pomoshchi bol'nym sakharnym diabetom. Pod red. I.I.Dedova, M.V.Shestakovoi, A.Iu.Maiorova. Vypusk 8-i. Sakharnyi diabet. 2017; 20 (1S): 1–112. [in Russian]
5. Lipatov D.V., Aleksandrova V.K., Atarshchikov D.S. i dr. Epidemiologiia i registr diabeticheskoi retinopatii v Rossiiskoi Federatsii. Sakharnyi diabet. 2014; 1: 4–7. [in Russian]
6. UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group: Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 38). BMJ 1998; 317: 703–13.
7. Wilczynski M, Dziegielewski K. Glycaemic control and microvascular complications in a large cohort of Italian Type 1 diabetic out-patients. Klin Oczna 2005; 107 (10–12): 672–4.
8. Al-Till MI, Al-Bdour MD, Ajlouni KM. Prevalence of blindness and visual impairment among Jordanian diabetics. Eur J Ophthalmol 2005; 15 (1): 62–8.
9. Mensah E, Kohner E. Diagnosis and management of diabetic retinopathy. Topic Endocrinol 2002; 19: 14–8.
10. Olivarius N, Nielsen NV, Andreasen AH. Diabetic retinopathy in newly diagnosed middle-age dandle derly diabetic patients. Prevalence and interrelationship with microalbuminuria and triglycerides. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2001; 239 (9): 664–72.
11. International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 6th ed. Brussels, Belgium: International Diabetes Federation, 2013.
12. Yau JWY, Rogers SL, Kawasaki R et al. Meta-Analysis for Eye Disease (META-EYE).
13. Study Group. Global prevalence and majority risk factors of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Care 2012; 35: 556–64.
14. Dedov I.I., Suntsov Iu.I., Kudriakova C.B. Ekonomicheskie problemy sakharnogo diabeta v Rossii. Sakharnyi diabet. 2000; 3: 56–8. [in Russian]
15. Xu J, Wei WB, Yuan MX et al. Prevalence and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy: the Beijing Communities Diabetes Study 6. Retina 2012; 32: 322–9.
16. Brownlee M. Biochemistry and molecular cell biology of diabetic complications. Nature 2001; 414: 813–20.
17. Tang J, Kern TS. Inflammation in diabetic retinopathy. Prog Retin Eye Res 2011; 30: 343–58.
18. Simo R, Ballarini S, Cunha-Vaz J et al. Non-traditional systemic treatments for diabetic retinopathy: an evidence-based review. Curr Med Chem 2015; 22: 2580–9.
19. Brunet J, Farine JC, Garay RP et al. Angioprotective action of calcium dobesilate against reactive oxygen species-induced capillary permeability in the rat. Eur J Pharmacol 1998; 358 (3): 213–20.
20. Adamis AP, Berman AJ. Immunological mechanisms in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Semin Immunopathol 2008; 30 (2): 65–84.
21. Kern TS. Contributions of inflammatory processes to the development of the early stages of diabetic retinopathy. Exp Diabetes Res 2007; 2007: 95–103.
22. Barber AJ, Antonetti DA, Gardner TW. Altered expression of retinal occluding and glial fibrillary acidic protein in experimental diabetes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2000; 4 (11): 3561–8.
23. Klaassen I, Hughes JM, Vogels IM et al. Altered expression of genes related to blood-retina barrier disruption in streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Exp Eye Res 2009; 89 (1): 4–15.
24. Miyamoto K, Khosrof S, Bursell SE et al. Prevention of leukostasis and vascular leakage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic retinopathy via intercellular adhesion molecule-1 inhibition. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999; 96 (19): 10836–41.
25. Joussen AM, Poulaki V, Mitsiades N et al. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs prevent early diabetic retinopathy via TNF-alpha suppression. FASEB J 2002; 16 (3): 438–40.
26. Leal EC, Martins J, Voabil P et al. Calcium dobesilate inhibits the alterations in tight junction proteins and leukocyte adhesion to retinal endothelial cells induced by diabetes. Diabetes 2010; 59 (10): 2637–45.
27. Lozovskaia EL, Kaplunskii GD, Sapezhinskii II. Superoxide dismutase activity and photosensitizing properties of 2.5-dihydroxybenzolsulfonate. Biofizika 1990; 35 (6): 912–16.
28. Brunet J, Farine JC, Garay RP et al. In vitro antioxidant properties of calcium dobesilate. Fund Clin Pharmacol 1998;12 (2): 205–12.
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О.В.Кольчик1, С.В.Немирова*2, К.С.Петрова2

1 ГБУЗ НО «Нижегородская областная клиническая больница им. Н.А.Семашко». 603126, Россия, Нижний Новгород, ул. Родионова, д. 190;
2 ФГБОУ ВО «Нижегородская государственная медицинская академия» Минздрава России. 603005, Россия, Нижний Новгород, пл. Минина и Пожарского, д. 10/1
*nemirova.info@gmail.com

________________________________________________

O.V.Kolchik1, S.V.Nemirova*2, K.S.Petrova2

1 Nizhny Novgorod Regional Clinical Psychiatric Hospital №1. 603126, Russian Federation, Nizhny Novgorod, ul. Rodionova, d. 190;
2 Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 603005, Russian Federation, Nizhny Novgorod, pl. Minina i Pozharskogo, d. 10/1
*nemirova.info@gmail.com