1. NCD Risk Factor Collaboration. Worldwide trends in blood pressure from 1975 to 2015: a pooled analysis of 1479 population-based measurement studies with 19.1 million participants. Lancet 2017; 389 (10064): 37–55. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31919-5
2. Chow CK, Teo KK, Rangarajan S et al. Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in rural and urban communities in high-, middle-, and low-income countries. JAMA 2013; 310 (9): 959–68. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2013.184182
3. Kearney PM, Whelton M, Reynolds K et al. Global burden of hypertension: analysis of worldwide data. Lancet 2005; 365: 217–23. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)70151-3
4. 2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. Eur Heart J 2018; (00): 1–98. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy339
5. Forouzanfar MH, Liu P, Roth GA et al. Global burden of hypertension and systolic blood pressure of at least 110 to 115 mm Hg, 1990–2015. JAMA 2017; 317 (2): 165–82. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2016.19043
6. Общероссийская общественная организация Ассоциация врачей общей практики (семейных врачей). Секция «Сочетанные патологии». Коморбидная патология в клинической практике. Клинические рекомендации. Кардиоваск. терапия и профилактика. 2017; 16 (6): 5–56. DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2017-6 / Obshcherossiiskaia obshchestvennaia organizatsiia Assotsiatsiia vrachei obshchei praktiki (semeinykh vrachei). Sektsiia "Sochetannye patologii". Komorbidnaia patologiia v klinicheskoi praktike. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii. Kardiovask. terapiia i profilaktika. 2017; 16 (6): 5–56. DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2017-6 [in Russian]
7. Дедов И.И., Шестакова М.В., Викулова О.К. Эпидемиология сахарного диабета в Российской Федерации: клинико-статистический анализ по данным Федерального регистра сахарного диабета. Сахарный диабет. 2017; 1 (20): 13–41. / Dedov I.I., Shestakova M.V., Vikulova O.K. Epidemiologiia sakharnogo diabeta v Rossiiskoi Federatsii: kliniko-statisticheskii analiz po dannym Federal'nogo registra sakharnogo diabeta. Sakharnyi diabet. 2017; 1 (20): 13–41. [in Russian]
8. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 8th edition. Brussels: International Diabetes Federation; 2017. Available from: https://www.idf.org/e-library/epidemiologyresearch/diabetes-atlas/134-idf-diabetes-atlas-8th-edition. html.
9. Davy KP, Hall JE. Obesity and hypertension: two epidemics or one? Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2004; 286 (5): 803–13.
10. Морозова Т.Е. Особенности антигипертензивной терапии у пациентов с метаболическим синдромом и сахарным диабетом. Справочник поликлинического врача. 2006; 8: 25–31. / Morozova T.E. Osobennosti antigipertenzivnoi terapii u patsientov s metabolicheskim sindromom i sakharnym diabetom. Spravochnik poliklinicheskogo vracha. 2006; 8: 25–31. [in Russian]
11. Kaur J. A comprehensive Review on Metabolic Syndrome. Cardiol Res Practice 2014. DOI: org/10.1155/2014/943162
12. Samson SL, Garber AJ. Metabolic syndrome. Endocr Metab Clin North Am 2014; 43 (1): 1–23. PMID: 24582089
13. Российское медицинское общество по артериальной гипертонии (РМОАГ). Рекомендации по ведению больных метаболическим синдромом. Клинические рекомендации. М., 2013. / Rossiiskoe meditsinskoe obshchestvo po arterial'noi gipertonii (RMOAG). Rekomendatsii po vedeniiu bol'nykh metabolicheskim sindromom. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii. M., 2013. [in Russian]
14. Nwaneri C, Cooper H, Bowen-Jones D. Mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus: magnitude of the evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Diabet Vasc Dis 2013; 4 (13): 192–207. DOI: 10.1177/1474651413495703
15. Sarwar N, Gao P, Seshasai SR et al. Diabetes mellitus, fasting blood glucose concentration, and risk of vascular disease: a collaborative meta-analysis of 102 prospective studies. Lancet 2010; 375: 2215–22. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60484-9
16. Kannel WB, McGee DL. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease: the Framingham study. JAMA 1979; 241: 2035–8.
17. Miettinen H, Lehto S, Salomaa V et al. Impact of diabetes on mortality after the first myocardial infarction. The FINMONICA Myocardial Infarction Register Study Group. Diabetes Care 1998; 21 (1): 69–75.
18. Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Research Group: relationship between baseline risk factors and coronary heart disease and total mortality in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Prev Med 1986; 15: 254–73.
19. Haffner M, Lehto S, Ronnemaa T et al. Mortality from coronary heart disease in subjects with 2 diabetes and in nondiabetic subjects with and without prior myocardial infaction. N Eng J Med 1998; 339: 229–34.
20. UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group (1998) Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). Lancet 1998; 352: 837–53. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)07019-6
21. Блокаторы кальциевых каналов: описание фармакологической группы в Энциклопедии РЛС. Регистр лекарственных средств России, РЛС. URL: https://www.rlsnet.ru/fg_index_id_215.htm / Blokatory kal'tsievykh kanalov: opisanie farmakologicheskoi gruppy v Entsiklopedii RLS. Registr lekarstvennykh sredstv Rossii, RLS. URL: https://www.rlsnet.ru/fg_index_id_215.htm [in Russian]
22. Fagard RH, Staessen JA. Treatment of isolated systolic hypertension in the elderly: the Syst-Eur trial. Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) Trial Investigators. Clin Exp Hypertens 1999; 21 (5–6): 491–7. PMID: 10423075
23. Wang JG, Staessen JA, Gong L, Liu L. Chinese trial on isolated systolic hypertension in the elderly. Systolic Hypertension in China (Syst-China) Collaborative Group. Arch Intern Med 2000; 160 (2): 211–20. PMID: 10647760
24. Tuomilehto J, Rastenyte D, Birkenhager WH et al. Effects of calcium channel blockers in older patients with diabetes and systolic hypertension. Eng J Med 1999; 340 (9): 677–84.
25. Farský S, Strišková A, Borčin M. Hypertension Treatment in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome and/or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Analysis of the Therapy Effectivity and the Therapeutic Inertia in Outpatient Study. Card Res Practice 2018; 2018 (1): 8387613. DOI: 10.1155/2018/8387613
26. Rohr G, Reimnitz P, Blanke P. Treatment of hypertensive emergency. Comparison of a new dosage form of the calcium antagonist nitrendipine with nifedipine capsules. Int Care Med 1994; 20 (4): 268–71. PMID: 8046120
27. Mancini M, Marotta T, Ferrara LA. Metabolic neutrality in nitrendipine therapy. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 1991; 18 (1): 3–30.
28. Ferrara LA, Marotta T. Nitrendipine and metabolic balance. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 1991; 18 (5): 19–21.
29. Grandinetti O, Feraco E. Middle term evaluation of amlodipine vs. nitrendipine: efficacy, safety and metabolic effects in elderly hypertensive patients. Clin Exp hypertens 1993; 15 (1): 197–210. PMID: 8513310
30. Roush GC, Ernst ME, Kostis JB et al. Head-to-Head Comparisons Hydrochlorothiazide Indapamide and Chlorthalidone: Antihypertensive and Metabolic Effects. Hypertension 2015; 65 (5): 1041–6. DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.114.05021
31. Gerstein HC, Mann JF, Yi Q et al. Albuminuria and risk of cardiovascular events, death, and heart failure in diabetic and nondiabetic individuals. J Am Med Assoc 2001; 286 (4): 421–6. PMID: 11466120
32. Malhotra R, Nguyen HA, Benavente O et al. Association between more intensive vs less intensive blood pressure lowering and risk of mortality in chronic kidney disease stages 3 to 5: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Med Assoc Int Med 2017; 177: 1498–505.
33. De Zeeuw D, Remuzzi G, Parving HH et al. Proteinuria, a target for renoprotection in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy: lessons from RENAAL. Kidney Int 2004; 65 (6): 2309–20.
34. Voyaki SM, Staessen JA, Thijs L et al. Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) Trial Investigators. Follow-up of renal function in treated and untreated older patients with isolated systolic hypertension. Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) Trial Investigators. J Hypertens 2001; 19 (3): 509–11. PMID: 11288822
35. Bretzel RG, Bollen CC, Maeser E, Federlin KF. Nephroprotective effects of nitrendipine in hypertensive type I and type II diabetic patients. Am J Kidney Dis 1993; 21 (3): 53–64. PMID: 8503436
36. Kopf D, Schmitz H, Beyer J et al. A double-blind trial of perindopril and nitrendipine in incipient diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes Nutrition and Metabolism 2001; 14 (5): 245–52. PMID: 11806464
37. Van Bortel L, Böhm R, Mooy J et al. Pharmacokinetics of nitrendipine in terminal renal failure. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1989; 36 (5): 467–71. PMID: 2753064
38. Aronoff GR. Pharmacokinetics of nitrendipine in patients with renal failure: comparison to normal subjects. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 1984; 6 (7): 974–6. PMID: 6085387
39. Rahn KH, Barenbrock M, Fritschka E et al. Effect of nitrendipine on renal function in renal-transplant patients treated with cyclosporin: a randomised trial. Lancet 1999; 354 (9188): 1415–20. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(99)08421-4
40. Marre M, Garcia Puig J, Kokot F et al. Effect of indapamide SR on microalbuminuria – the NESTOR study (Natrilix SR versus Enalapril Study in Type 2 diabetic hypertensives with micrOalbuminuRia) – rationale and protocol for the main trial. J Hypertension 2003; 21 (1): 19–24. PMID: 12769163
41. Марцевич С.Ю., Суханов Я.В., Белолипецкая В.Г., Кутишенко Н.П. Исследование биоэквивалентности как способ доказательства идентичности оригинального препарата и препарата-дженерика. Рос. кардиол. журн. 2005; 2 (52): 76–8. DOI: 10.15829/1560-4071-2005-2-76-78 / Martsevich S.Iu., Sukhanov Ia.V., Belolipetskaia V.G., Kutishenko N.P. Issledovanie bioekvivalentnosti kak sposob dokazatel'stva identichnosti original'nogo preparata i preparata-dzhenerika. Ros. kardiol. zhurn. 2005; 2 (52): 76–8. DOI: 10.15829/1560-4071-2005-2-76-78 [in Russian]
42. Марцевич С.Ю., Кутишенко Н.П., Деев А.Д., Якусевич В.В. Изучение эффективности и переносимости препарата Индап в сравнении с препаратами Арифон и Арифон ретард у больных мягкой и умеренной артериальной гипертонией, назначаемых как в виде монотерапии, так и в комбинации с ингибиторами АПФ. Многоцентровое, открытое, рандомизированное перекрестное исследование. Рос. кардиол. журн. 2006; 2: 73–7. DOI: 10.15829/1560-4071-2006-2-73-77 / Martsevich S.Iu., Kutishenko N.P., Deev A.D., Iakusevich V.V. Izuchenie effektivnosti i perenosimosti preparata Indap v sravnenii s preparatami Arifon i Arifon retard u bol'nykh miagkoi i umerennoi arterial'noi gipertoniei, naznachaemykh kak v vide monoterapii, tak i v kombinatsii s ingibitorami APF. Mnogotsentrovoe, otkrytoe, randomizirovannoe perekrestnoe issledovanie. Ros. kardiol. zhurn. 2006; 2: 73–7. DOI: 10.15829/1560-4071-2006-2-73-77 [in Russian]

________________________________________________

1. NCD Risk Factor Collaboration. Worldwide trends in blood pressure from 1975 to 2015: a pooled analysis of 1479 population-based measurement studies with 19.1 million participants. Lancet 2017; 389 (10064): 37–55. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31919-5
2. Chow CK, Teo KK, Rangarajan S et al. Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in rural and urban communities in high-, middle-, and low-income countries. JAMA 2013; 310 (9): 959–68. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2013.184182
3. Kearney PM, Whelton M, Reynolds K et al. Global burden of hypertension: analysis of worldwide data. Lancet 2005; 365: 217–23. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)70151-3
4. 2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. Eur Heart J 2018; (00): 1–98. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy339
5. Forouzanfar MH, Liu P, Roth GA et al. Global burden of hypertension and systolic blood pressure of at least 110 to 115 mm Hg, 1990–2015. JAMA 2017; 317 (2): 165–82. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2016.19043
6. Obshcherossiiskaia obshchestvennaia organizatsiia Assotsiatsiia vrachei obshchei praktiki (semeinykh vrachei). Sektsiia "Sochetannye patologii". Komorbidnaia patologiia v klinicheskoi praktike. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii. Kardiovask. terapiia i profilaktika. 2017; 16 (6): 5–56. DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2017-6 [in Russian]
7. Dedov I.I., Shestakova M.V., Vikulova O.K. Epidemiologiia sakharnogo diabeta v Rossiiskoi Federatsii: kliniko-statisticheskii analiz po dannym Federal'nogo registra sakharnogo diabeta. Sakharnyi diabet. 2017; 1 (20): 13–41. [in Russian]
8. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 8th edition. Brussels: International Diabetes Federation; 2017. Available from: https://www.idf.org/e-library/epidemiologyresearch/diabetes-atlas/134-idf-diabetes-atlas-8th-edition. html.
9. Davy KP, Hall JE. Obesity and hypertension: two epidemics or one? Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2004; 286 (5): 803–13.
10. Morozova T.E. Osobennosti antigipertenzivnoi terapii u patsientov s metabolicheskim sindromom i sakharnym diabetom. Spravochnik poliklinicheskogo vracha. 2006; 8: 25–31. [in Russian]
11. Kaur J. A comprehensive Review on Metabolic Syndrome. Cardiol Res Practice 2014. DOI: org/10.1155/2014/943162
12. Samson SL, Garber AJ. Metabolic syndrome. Endocr Metab Clin North Am 2014; 43 (1): 1–23. PMID: 24582089
13. Rossiiskoe meditsinskoe obshchestvo po arterial'noi gipertonii (RMOAG). Rekomendatsii po vedeniiu bol'nykh metabolicheskim sindromom. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii. M., 2013. [in Russian]
14. Nwaneri C, Cooper H, Bowen-Jones D. Mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus: magnitude of the evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Diabet Vasc Dis 2013; 4 (13): 192–207. DOI: 10.1177/1474651413495703
15. Sarwar N, Gao P, Seshasai SR et al. Diabetes mellitus, fasting blood glucose concentration, and risk of vascular disease: a collaborative meta-analysis of 102 prospective studies. Lancet 2010; 375: 2215–22. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60484-9
16. Kannel WB, McGee DL. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease: the Framingham study. JAMA 1979; 241: 2035–8.
17. Miettinen H, Lehto S, Salomaa V et al. Impact of diabetes on mortality after the first myocardial infarction. The FINMONICA Myocardial Infarction Register Study Group. Diabetes Care 1998; 21 (1): 69–75.
18. Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Research Group: relationship between baseline risk factors and coronary heart disease and total mortality in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Prev Med 1986; 15: 254–73.
19. Haffner M, Lehto S, Ronnemaa T et al. Mortality from coronary heart disease in subjects with 2 diabetes and in nondiabetic subjects with and without prior myocardial infaction. N Eng J Med 1998; 339: 229–34.
20. UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group (1998) Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). Lancet 1998; 352: 837–53. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)07019-6
21. Blokatory kal'tsievykh kanalov: opisanie farmakologicheskoi gruppy v Entsiklopedii RLS. Registr lekarstvennykh sredstv Rossii, RLS. URL: https://www.rlsnet.ru/fg_index_id_215.htm [in Russian]
22. Fagard RH, Staessen JA. Treatment of isolated systolic hypertension in the elderly: the Syst-Eur trial. Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) Trial Investigators. Clin Exp Hypertens 1999; 21 (5–6): 491–7. PMID: 10423075
23. Wang JG, Staessen JA, Gong L, Liu L. Chinese trial on isolated systolic hypertension in the elderly. Systolic Hypertension in China (Syst-China) Collaborative Group. Arch Intern Med 2000; 160 (2): 211–20. PMID: 10647760
24. Tuomilehto J, Rastenyte D, Birkenhager WH et al. Effects of calcium channel blockers in older patients with diabetes and systolic hypertension. Eng J Med 1999; 340 (9): 677–84.
25. Farský S, Strišková A, Borčin M. Hypertension Treatment in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome and/or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Analysis of the Therapy Effectivity and the Therapeutic Inertia in Outpatient Study. Card Res Practice 2018; 2018 (1): 8387613. DOI: 10.1155/2018/8387613
26. Rohr G, Reimnitz P, Blanke P. Treatment of hypertensive emergency. Comparison of a new dosage form of the calcium antagonist nitrendipine with nifedipine capsules. Int Care Med 1994; 20 (4): 268–71. PMID: 8046120
27. Mancini M, Marotta T, Ferrara LA. Metabolic neutrality in nitrendipine therapy. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 1991; 18 (1): 3–30.
28. Ferrara LA, Marotta T. Nitrendipine and metabolic balance. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 1991; 18 (5): 19–21.
29. Grandinetti O, Feraco E. Middle term evaluation of amlodipine vs. nitrendipine: efficacy, safety and metabolic effects in elderly hypertensive patients. Clin Exp hypertens 1993; 15 (1): 197–210. PMID: 8513310
30. Roush GC, Ernst ME, Kostis JB et al. Head-to-Head Comparisons Hydrochlorothiazide Indapamide and Chlorthalidone: Antihypertensive and Metabolic Effects. Hypertension 2015; 65 (5): 1041–6. DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.114.05021
31. Gerstein HC, Mann JF, Yi Q et al. Albuminuria and risk of cardiovascular events, death, and heart failure in diabetic and nondiabetic individuals. J Am Med Assoc 2001; 286 (4): 421–6. PMID: 11466120
32. Malhotra R, Nguyen HA, Benavente O et al. Association between more intensive vs less intensive blood pressure lowering and risk of mortality in chronic kidney disease stages 3 to 5: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Med Assoc Int Med 2017; 177: 1498–505.
33. De Zeeuw D, Remuzzi G, Parving HH et al. Proteinuria, a target for renoprotection in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy: lessons from RENAAL. Kidney Int 2004; 65 (6): 2309–20.
34. Voyaki SM, Staessen JA, Thijs L et al. Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) Trial Investigators. Follow-up of renal function in treated and untreated older patients with isolated systolic hypertension. Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) Trial Investigators. J Hypertens 2001; 19 (3): 509–11. PMID: 11288822
35. Bretzel RG, Bollen CC, Maeser E, Federlin KF. Nephroprotective effects of nitrendipine in hypertensive type I and type II diabetic patients. Am J Kidney Dis 1993; 21 (3): 53–64. PMID: 8503436
36. Kopf D, Schmitz H, Beyer J et al. A double-blind trial of perindopril and nitrendipine in incipient diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes Nutrition and Metabolism 2001; 14 (5): 245–52. PMID: 11806464
37. Van Bortel L, Böhm R, Mooy J et al. Pharmacokinetics of nitrendipine in terminal renal failure. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1989; 36 (5): 467–71. PMID: 2753064
38. Aronoff GR. Pharmacokinetics of nitrendipine in patients with renal failure: comparison to normal subjects. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 1984; 6 (7): 974–6. PMID: 6085387
39. Rahn KH, Barenbrock M, Fritschka E et al. Effect of nitrendipine on renal function in renal-transplant patients treated with cyclosporin: a randomised trial. Lancet 1999; 354 (9188): 1415–20. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(99)08421-4
40. Marre M, Garcia Puig J, Kokot F et al. Effect of indapamide SR on microalbuminuria – the NESTOR study (Natrilix SR versus Enalapril Study in Type 2 diabetic hypertensives with micrOalbuminuRia) – rationale and protocol for the main trial. J Hypertension 2003; 21 (1): 19–24. PMID: 12769163
41. Martsevich S.Iu., Sukhanov Ia.V., Belolipetskaia V.G., Kutishenko N.P. Issledovanie bioekvivalentnosti kak sposob dokazatel'stva identichnosti original'nogo preparata i preparata-dzhenerika. Ros. kardiol. zhurn. 2005; 2 (52): 76–8. DOI: 10.15829/1560-4071-2005-2-76-78 [in Russian]
42. Martsevich S.Iu., Kutishenko N.P., Deev A.D., Iakusevich V.V. Izuchenie effektivnosti i perenosimosti preparata Indap v sravnenii s preparatami Arifon i Arifon retard u bol'nykh miagkoi i umerennoi arterial'noi gipertoniei, naznachaemykh kak v vide monoterapii, tak i v kombinatsii s ingibitorami APF. Mnogotsentrovoe, otkrytoe, randomizirovannoe perekrestnoe issledovanie. Ros. kardiol. zhurn. 2006; 2: 73–7. DOI: 10.15829/1560-4071-2006-2-73-77 [in Russian]

2 ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М.Сеченова» Минздрава России. 119991, Россия, Москва,  ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 1;

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O.D.Ostroumova*1,2,3, I.V.Goloborodova1

1 A.I.Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 127473, Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. Delegatskaia, d. 20, str. 1;
2 I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 119991, Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. Trubetskaia d. 8, str. 1;
3 N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation – Russian Gerontological Scientific Clinical Center. 129226, Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. 1-ia Leonova, d. 16
*ostroumova.olga@mail.ru