Особенности применения блокаторов ангиотензиновых рецепторов у больных артериальной гипертензией (фокус на кандесартан)

2. Леонова М.В., Штейнберг Л.Л., Белоусов Ю.Б. и др. Фармакоэпидемиология артериальной гипертонии в России: анализ приверженности врачей (по результатам исследования ПИФАГОР IV). Системные гипертензии. 2015; 12 (1): 19–25. / Leonova M.V., Shteinberg L.L., Belousov Yu.B. et al. Pharmacoepidemiology of arterial hypertension in Russia: the analysis of physicians acceptance (according to the results of PIFAGOR IV). Systemic Hypertension. 2015; 12 (1): 19–25. [in Russian]
3. Морозова Т.Е. Сартаны в лечении больных артериальной гипертензией высокого риска: возможности кандесартана. Системные гипертензии. 2013; 10 (2): 13–8. / Morozova T.E. Sartans in the treatment of high-risk hypertension: the abilities of candesartan. Systemic Hypertension. 2013; 10 (2): 13–8. [in Russian] 
4. Сидоренко Б.А., Посава П.К., Киктев В.Г. и др. Блокаторы АТ1-ангиотензиновых рецепторов как новая группа антигипертензивных препаратов. Клин. фармакол. 1999; 6: 64–9. / Sidorenko B.A., Posava P.K., Kiktev V.G. i dr. Blokatory AT1-angiotenzinovykh retseptorov kak novaia gruppa antigipertenzivnykh preparatov. Klin. farmakol. 1999; 6: 64–9. [in Russian]
5. Клинические рекомендации «Диагностика и лечение артериальной гипертензии» Российского медицинского общества по артериальной гипертонии, 2013. Кардиол. вестн. 2015; 1 (10). / Klinicheskie rekomendatsii “Diagnostika i lechenie arterial'noi gipertenzii” Rossiiskogo meditsinskogo obshchestva po arterial'noi gipertonii, 2013. Kardiol. vestn. 2015; 1 (10). [in Russian]
6. Андрущишина Т.Б., Морозова Т.Е. Антагонисты рецепторов ангиотензина II при лечении кардиоваскулярных заболеваний. Consilium Medicum. 2009; 11 (5): 96–101. / Andrushchishina T.B., Morozova T.E. Antagonisty retseptorov angiotenzina II pri lechenii kardiovaskuliarnykh zabolevanii. Consilium Medicum. 2009; 11 (5): 96–101. [in Russian]
8. Сиренко Ю.Н., Донченко Н.В. Место кандесартана в современной терапии сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний: обзор доказательств. Артериальная гипертензия. 2011; 4 (18): 114–26. / Sirenko Iu.N., Donchenko N.V. Mesto kandesartana v sovremennoi terapii serdechno-sosudistykh zabolevanii: obzor dokazatel'stv. Arterial'naia gipertenziia. 2011; 4 (18): 114–26. [in Russian]
9. Евдокимова А.Г., Ложкина М.В., Коваленко Е.В. Особенности применения кандесартана в клинической практике. Consilium Medicum. 2016; 18 (1): 54–9. / Evdokimova A.G., Lozhkina M.V., Kovalenko E.V. Key features of candesartan application in clinical practice. Consilium Medicum. 2016; 18 (1): 54–9. [in Russian]
10. Gleiter CH, Mörike KE. Clinical pharmacokinetics of candesartan. Clin Pharmacokin 2002; 41 (1): 7–17. 
11. Julius S, Nesbitt SD, Egan BM et al. Trial of Preventing Hypertension (TROPHY) Study Investigators. Feasibility of treating prehypertension with an angiotensin-receptor blocker. N Engl J Med 2006; 354: 1685–97.
12. McClellan KJ, Goa KL. Candesartan cilexetil. A review of its use in essential hypertension.  Drugs 1998; 56 (5): 847–69.
13. Weisser B, Gerwe M, Braun M, Funken C. Investigations of the antihypertensive long-term action of candesartan cilexetil in different dosages under the influence of therapy-free intervals Arzneimittelforschung 2005; 55 (9): 505–13.
14. Weir MR, Weber MA, Neutel JM et al. Efficacy of candesartan cilexetil as add-on therapy in hypertensive patients uncontrolled on background therapy: clinical experience trial. ACTION study investigators. Am J Hypertens 2001; 14 (6): 567–72.
15. Minatoguchi S, Aoyama T, Kawai N et al. Comparative effect of candesartan and amlodipine, and effect of switching from valsartan, losartan, telmisartan and olmesartan to candesartan, on early morning hypertension and heart rate. Blood Press 2013; 22 (1): 29–37.
16. Kario K, Hoshide S, Shimizu M et al. Effect of dosing time of angiotensin II receptor blockade titrated by self-measured blood pressure recordings on cardiorenal protection in hypertensives: the Japan Morning Surge-Target Organ Protection (J-TOP) study. J Hypertens 2010; 28 (7): 1574–83.
17. Ogihara T, Nakao K, Fukui T et al. Effects of candesartan compared with amlodipine in hypertensive patients with high cardiovascular risks: candesartan antihypertensive survival evaluation in Japan trial. Hypertension 2008; 51 (2): 393–8.
18. Ogihara T, Ueshima K, Nakao K et al. Long-term effects of candesartan and amlodipine on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in Japanese high-risk hypertensive patients: the Candesartan Antihypertensive Survival Evaluation in Japan Extension Study (CASE-JEx). Hypertens Res 2011; 34 (12): 1295–301.
19. Matsuno Y, Minatoguchi S, Fujiwara H et al. Effects of candesartan versus amlodipine on home-measured blood pressure, QT dispersion and left ventricular hypertrophy in high-risk hypertensive patients. Blood Press 2011; 20 (1): 12–9.
20. Clarcson P, Naas A. QT dispersion in essential hypertension. Quarterly J Med 1995; 88 (5): 327–32.
21. Tomiyama H, Doba N, Fu Y et al. Left ventricular geometric patterns and QT dispersion in borderline and mild hypertension: their evolution and regression. Am J Hypert 1998; 11: 286–92.
22. Kannel WB, Cuppels LA, Ramaswami R et al. Regional obesity and risk of cardivascular disease; the Framingham study. J Clin Epidemiol 1991; 44 (2): 183–90.
23. Рекомендации по ведению больных артериальной гипертонией с метаболическими нарушениями. Кардиол. вестн. 2014; 20 (1): 57. / Rekomendatsii po vedeniiu bol'nykh arterial'noi gipertoniei s metabolicheskimi narusheniiami. Kardiol. vestn. 2014; 20 (1): 57. [in Russian]
24. Lithell H, Hansson L, Skoog I et al. The Study on Cognition and Prognosis in the Elderly (SCOPE): principal results of a randomized double-blind intervention trial. J Hyperens 2003; 21 (5): 875–86.
25. Saxby BK, Harrington F, Wesnes KA et al. Candesartan and cognitive decline in older patients with hypertension: a substudy of the SCOPE trial. Neurology 2008; 70 (19 Pt 2): 1858–66.
26. Cuspidi C, Muiesan ML, Valagussa L et al. Comparative effects of candesartan and enalapril on left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with essential hypertension: the Candesartan Assessment in the Treatment of Cardiac Hypertrophy (CATCH) study. J Hypertens 2002; 20: 2293–300.
27. Lindholm LH, Persson M, Alaupovic P et al. Metabolic outcome during 1 year in newly detected hypertensives: results of the Antihypertensive Treatment and Lipid Profile in North of Sweden Efficacy Evalution (ALPINE study). J Hypertens 2003; 421 (8): 1563–74. 
28. Koyanagi R, Hagiwara N, Yamaguchi J et al. Efficacy of the combination of amlodipine and candesartan in hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease: a subanalysis of the HIJ-CREATE study. J Cardiol 2013; 62 (4): 217–23. 
29. Escobar C, Barrios V, Calderуn A et al. Electrocardiographic leftventricular hypertrophy regression induced by an angiotensin receptorblocker-based regimen in hypertensive patients with the metabolicsyndrome: data from the SARA Study. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2008; 10 (3): 208–14.
30. Bönner G. Multicentre Study Group. Antihypertensive efficacy and tolerability of candesartan-hydrochlorothiazide 32/12.5 mg and 32/25 mg in patients not optimally controlled with candesartan monotherapy. Blood Press 2008; 2: 22–30.
31. Bönner G, Landers B, Bramlage P. Candesartan cilexetil/hydrochlorothiazide combination treatment versus high-dose candesartan cilexetil monotherapy in patients with mild to moderatecardiovascular risk (CHILI Triple T). Vasc Health Risk Manag 2011; 7: 85–95.
32. Lee HY, Hong BK, Chung WJ et al. Phase IV, 8-week, multicenter, randomized, active treatment-controlled, parallel group, efficacy, and tolerability study of high-dose candesartan cilexetil combined with hydrochlorothiazide in Korean adults with stage II hypertension. Clin Ther 2011; 33 (8): 1043–56.
33. Национальные рекомендации. Хроническая болезнь почек: основные принципы скрининга, диагностики, профилактики и подходы к лечению. Рабочая группа членов Правления Научного общества нефрологов России. Руководитель группы А.В.Смирнов. СПб.: Левша, 2012; с. 54. / Natsional'nye rekomendatsii. Khronicheskaia bolezn' pochek: osnovnye printsipy skrininga, diagnostiki, profilaktiki i podkhody k lecheniiu. Rabochaia gruppa chlenov Pravleniia Nauchnogo obshchestva nefrologov Rossii. Rukovoditel' gruppy A.V.Smirnov. SPb.: Levsha, 2012. [in Russian]
34. Нефрология. Клинические рекомендации. Под ред. Е.М.Шилова, А.В.Смирнова, Н.Л.Козловской. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа; 2016. / Nefrologiia. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii. Pod red. E.M.Shilova, A.V.Smirnova, N.L.Kozlovskoi. M.: GEOTAR-Media; 2016. [in Russian]
35. Sakamoto M, Suzuki H, Hayashi T et al. Effects of candesartan in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on inflammatory parameters and their relationship to pulse pressure. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2012; 11: 118–23.
36. Burgess E, Muirhead N, Rene de Cotret P et al. SMART (Supra Maximal Atacand Renal Trial) Investigators. Supramaximal dose of candesartan in proteinuric renal disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2009; 20: 893–900. 
37. Mogensen CE, Neldam S, Tikkanen I et al. For the CALM study group. Randomised controlled trial of dual blockade of renin-angiotensin system in patients with hypertension, microalbuminuria, and non-insulin dependent diabetes: the candesartan and lisinopril microalbuminuria (CALM) study. BMJ 2000; 321: 1440–4. 
38. Suzuki T, Nozawa T, Fujii N et al. Combination therapy of candesartan with statin inhibits progression of atherosclerosis more than statin alone in patients with coronary artery disease. Coron Artery Dis 2011; 22: 352–35.
39. Lacourcière Y, Asmar R. A comparison of the efficacy and duration of action of candesartan cilexetil and losartan as assessed by clinic and ambulatory blood pressure after a missed dose, in truly hypertensive patients: a placebo-controlled, forced titration study. Candesartan/Losartan study investigators. Am J Hypertens 1999; 12 (12): 1181–7.
40. Elmfeldt D, Olofsson B, Meredith P. The relationships between dose and antihypertensive effect of four AT1-receptor blockers. Differences inpotencyand efficacy. Blood Press 2002; 11: 293–301.
41. Zhenfeng Zheng, Huilan Shi, Junya Jia et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of candesartan and losartan in the management of essential hypertension. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2011; 12 (3): 365–74.
42. Hasegawa H, Takano H, Kameda Y et al. Effect of switching from telmisartan, valsartan, olmesartan, or losartan to candesartan on morning hypertension. Clin Exp Hypertens 2012; 34 (2): 86–91.
43. Kjeldsen SE, Stalhammar J, Hasvold P et al. Effects of losartan vs candesartan in reducing cardiovascular events in the primary treatment of hypertension. J Hum Hypertens 2010; 24 (4): 263–73.
44. Чазова И.Е., Ратова Л.Г., Амбатьелло Л.Г. Все ли сартаны одинаковы? Фокус на кандесартан. Системные гипертензии. 2010; 7 (2): 39–42. / Chazova I.E., Ratova L.G., Ambatello L.G. Whether all sartan are identical? Focus on kandesartan. Systemic Hypertension. 2010; 7 (2): 39–42. [in Russian]

________________________________________________

2. Leonova M.V., Shteinberg L.L., Belousov Yu.B. et al. Pharmacoepidemiology of arterial hypertension in Russia: the analysis of physicians acceptance (according to the results of PIFAGOR IV). Systemic Hypertension. 2015; 12 (1): 19–25. [in Russian]
3. Morozova T.E. Sartans in the treatment of high-risk hypertension: the abilities of candesartan. Systemic Hypertension. 2013; 10 (2): 13–8. [in Russian] 
4. Sidorenko B.A., Posava P.K., Kiktev V.G. i dr. Blokatory AT1-angiotenzinovykh retseptorov kak novaia gruppa antigipertenzivnykh preparatov. Klin. farmakol. 1999; 6: 64–9. [in Russian]
5. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii “Diagnostika i lechenie arterial'noi gipertenzii” Rossiiskogo meditsinskogo obshchestva po arterial'noi gipertonii, 2013. Kardiol. vestn. 2015; 1 (10). [in Russian]
6. Andrushchishina T.B., Morozova T.E. Antagonisty retseptorov angiotenzina II pri lechenii kardiovaskuliarnykh zabolevanii. Consilium Medicum. 2009; 11 (5): 96–101. [in Russian]
7. Giliarevskii S.R., Golshmid M.V., Kuz'mina I.M. Dokazatel'naia istoriia kandesartana: proshloe, budushchee i nastoiashchee. Serdechnaia nedostatochnost'. 2015; 16 (5): 303–10. [in Russian]
8. Sirenko Iu.N., Donchenko N.V. Mesto kandesartana v sovremennoi terapii serdechno-sosudistykh zabolevanii: obzor dokazatel'stv. Arterial'naia gipertenziia. 2011; 4 (18): 114–26. [in Russian]
9. Evdokimova A.G., Lozhkina M.V., Kovalenko E.V. Key features of candesartan application in clinical practice. Consilium Medicum. 2016; 18 (1): 54–9. [in Russian]
10. Gleiter CH, Mörike KE. Clinical pharmacokinetics of candesartan. Clin Pharmacokin 2002; 41 (1): 7–17. 
11.Julius S, Nesbitt SD, Egan BM et al. Trial of Preventing Hypertension (TROPHY) Study Investigators. Feasibility of treating prehypertension with an angiotensin-receptor blocker. N Engl J Med 2006; 354: 1685–97.
12. McClellan KJ, Goa KL. Candesartan cilexetil. A review of its use in essential hypertension.  Drugs 1998; 56 (5): 847–69.
13. Weisser B, Gerwe M, Braun M, Funken C. Investigations of the antihypertensive long-term action of candesartan cilexetil in different dosages under the influence of therapy-free intervals Arzneimittelforschung 2005; 55 (9): 505–13.
14. Weir MR, Weber MA, Neutel JM et al. Efficacy of candesartan cilexetil as add-on therapy in hypertensive patients uncontrolled on background therapy: clinical experience trial. ACTION study investigators. Am J Hypertens 2001; 14 (6): 567–72.
15. Minatoguchi S, Aoyama T, Kawai N et al. Comparative effect of candesartan and amlodipine, and effect of switching from valsartan, losartan, telmisartan and olmesartan to candesartan, on early morning hypertension and heart rate. Blood Press 2013; 22 (1): 29–37.
16. Kario K, Hoshide S, Shimizu M et al. Effect of dosing time of angiotensin II receptor blockade titrated by self-measured blood pressure recordings on cardiorenal protection in hypertensives: the Japan Morning Surge-Target Organ Protection (J-TOP) study. J Hypertens 2010; 28 (7): 1574–83.
17. Ogihara T, Nakao K, Fukui T et al. Effects of candesartan compared with amlodipine in hypertensive patients with high cardiovascular risks: candesartan antihypertensive survival evaluation in Japan trial. Hypertension 2008; 51 (2): 393–8.
18. Ogihara T, Ueshima K, Nakao K et al. Long-term effects of candesartan and amlodipine on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in Japanese high-risk hypertensive patients: the Candesartan Antihypertensive Survival Evaluation in Japan Extension Study (CASE-JEx). Hypertens Res 2011; 34 (12): 1295–301.
19. Matsuno Y, Minatoguchi S, Fujiwara H et al. Effects of candesartan versus amlodipine on home-measured blood pressure, QT dispersion and left ventricular hypertrophy in high-risk hypertensive patients. Blood Press 2011; 20 (1): 12–9.
20. Clarcson P, Naas A. QT dispersion in essential hypertension. Quarterly J Med 1995; 88 (5): 327–32.
21. Tomiyama H, Doba N, Fu Y et al. Left ventricular geometric patterns and QT dispersion in borderline and mild hypertension: their evolution and regression. Am J Hypert 1998; 11: 286–92.
22. Kannel WB, Cuppels LA, Ramaswami R et al. Regional obesity and risk of cardivascular disease; the Framingham study. J Clin Epidemiol 1991; 44 (2): 183–90.
23. Rekomendatsii po vedeniiu bol'nykh arterial'noi gipertoniei s metabolicheskimi narusheniiami. Kardiol. vestn. 2014; 20 (1): 57. [in Russian]
24. Lithell H, Hansson L, Skoog I et al. The Study on Cognition and Prognosis in the Elderly (SCOPE): principal results of a randomized double-blind intervention trial. J Hyperens 2003; 21 (5): 875–86.
25. Saxby BK, Harrington F, Wesnes KA et al. Candesartan and cognitive decline in older patients with hypertension: a substudy of the SCOPE trial. Neurology 2008; 70 (19 Pt 2): 1858–66.
26. Cuspidi C, Muiesan ML, Valagussa L et al. Comparative effects of candesartan and enalapril on left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with essential hypertension: the Candesartan Assessment in the Treatment of Cardiac Hypertrophy (CATCH) study. J Hypertens 2002; 20: 2293–300.
27. Lindholm LH, Persson M, Alaupovic P et al. Metabolic outcome during 1 year in newly detected hypertensives: results of the Antihypertensive Treatment and Lipid Profile in North of Sweden Efficacy Evalution (ALPINE study). J Hypertens 2003; 421 (8): 1563–74. 
28. Koyanagi R, Hagiwara N, Yamaguchi J et al. Efficacy of the combination of amlodipine and candesartan in hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease: a subanalysis of the HIJ-CREATE study. J Cardiol 2013; 62 (4): 217–23. 
29. Escobar C, Barrios V, Calderуn A et al. Electrocardiographic leftventricular hypertrophy regression induced by an angiotensin receptorblocker-based regimen in hypertensive patients with the metabolicsyndrome: data from the SARA Study. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2008; 10 (3): 208–14.
30. Bönner G. Multicentre Study Group. Antihypertensive efficacy and tolerability of candesartan-hydrochlorothiazide 32/12.5 mg and 32/25 mg in patients not optimally controlled with candesartan monotherapy. Blood Press 2008; 2: 22–30.
31. Bönner G, Landers B, Bramlage P. Candesartan cilexetil/hydrochlorothiazide combination treatment versus high-dose candesartan cilexetil monotherapy in patients with mild to moderatecardiovascular risk (CHILI Triple T). Vasc Health Risk Manag 2011; 7: 85–95.
32. Lee HY, Hong BK, Chung WJ et al. Phase IV, 8-week, multicenter, randomized, active treatment-controlled, parallel group, efficacy, and tolerability study of high-dose candesartan cilexetil combined with hydrochlorothiazide in Korean adults with stage II hypertension. Clin Ther 2011; 33 (8): 1043–56.
33. Natsional'nye rekomendatsii. Khronicheskaia bolezn' pochek: osnovnye printsipy skrininga, diagnostiki, profilaktiki i podkhody k lecheniiu. Rabochaia gruppa chlenov Pravleniia Nauchnogo obshchestva nefrologov Rossii. Rukovoditel' gruppy A.V.Smirnov. SPb.: Levsha, 2012. [in Russian]
34. Nefrologiia. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii. Pod red. E.M.Shilova, A.V.Smirnova, N.L.Kozlovskoi. M.: GEOTAR-Media; 2016. [in Russian]
35. Sakamoto M, Suzuki H, Hayashi T et al. Effects of candesartan in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on inflammatory parameters and their relationship to pulse pressure. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2012; 11: 118–23.
36. Burgess E, Muirhead N, Rene de Cotret P et al. SMART (Supra Maximal Atacand Renal Trial) Investigators. Supramaximal dose of candesartan in proteinuric renal disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2009; 20: 893–900. 
37. Mogensen CE, Neldam S, Tikkanen I et al. For the CALM study group. Randomised controlled trial of dual blockade of renin-angiotensin system in patients with hypertension, microalbuminuria, and non-insulin dependent diabetes: the candesartan and lisinopril microalbuminuria (CALM) study. BMJ 2000; 321: 1440–4. 
38. Suzuki T, Nozawa T, Fujii N et al. Combination therapy of candesartan with statin inhibits progression of atherosclerosis more than statin alone in patients with coronary artery disease. Coron Artery Dis 2011; 22: 352–35.
39. Lacourcière Y, Asmar R. A comparison of the efficacy and duration of action of candesartan cilexetil and losartan as assessed by clinic and ambulatory blood pressure after a missed dose, in truly hypertensive patients: a placebo-controlled, forced titration study. Candesartan/Losartan study investigators. Am J Hypertens 1999; 12 (12): 1181–7.
40. Elmfeldt D, Olofsson B, Meredith P. The relationships between dose and antihypertensive effect of four AT1-receptor blockers. Differences inpotencyand efficacy. Blood Press 2002; 11: 293–301.
41. Zhenfeng Zheng, Huilan Shi, Junya Jia et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of candesartan and losartan in the management of essential hypertension. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2011; 12 (3): 365–74.
42. Hasegawa H, Takano H, Kameda Y et al. Effect of switching from telmisartan, valsartan, olmesartan, or losartan to candesartan on morning hypertension. Clin Exp Hypertens 2012; 34 (2): 86–91.
43. Kjeldsen SE, Stalhammar J, Hasvold P et al. Effects of losartan vs candesartan in reducing cardiovascular events in the primary treatment of hypertension. J Hum Hypertens 2010; 24 (4): 263–73.
44. Chazova I.E., Ratova L.G., Ambatello L.G. Whether all sartan are identical? Focus on kandesartan. Systemic Hypertension. 2010; 7 (2): 39–42. [in Russian]

А.Г.Евдокимова*, Е.В.Коваленко, В.В.Евдокимов, К.И.Теблоев, Е.Г.Лобанова

ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И.Евдокимова» Минздрава России. 127473, Россия, Москва, ул. Делегатская, д. 20, стр. 1 
*Aevdokimova@rambler.ru

________________________________________________

*Aevdokimova@rambler.ru