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Влияние отдельных групп лекарственных препаратов на риск удлинения интервала QTс
Влияние отдельных групп лекарственных препаратов на риск удлинения интервала QTс
Остроумова О.Д., Голобородова И.В. Влияние отдельных групп лекарственных препаратов на риск удлинения интервала QTс. Consilium Medicum. 2019; 21 (10): 95–106. DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2019.10.190447
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Аннотация
Удлинение интервала QTс ассоциировано с повышенным риском развития жизнеугрожающих желудочковых аритмий (в том числе полиморфной желудочковой тахикардии, называемой также тахикардией типа «пируэт») и внезапной сердечной смерти. При этом одной из наиболее часто встречающихся причин развития приобретенного удлинения интервала QTс является воздействие тех или иных лекарственных средств. К настоящему времени практически все существующие фармакологические группы имеют представителей, обладающих QT-удлиняющим эффектом, реализация которого, особенно при сочетании с так называемыми факторами риска удлинения QTс (модифицируемыми: брадикардия, нарушения электролитного обмена, лекарственные взаимодействия, передозировка QT-удлиняющих лекарственных средств – и немодифицируемыми: женский пол, старший возраст, наследственная обусловленность, наличие структурной патологии сердца, заболевания печени и/или почек), приводит к развитию клинически значимых проявлений и осложнений, сопутствующих удлинению интервала QTс, в том числе фатальных. Наиболее выраженным QT-удлиняющим эффектом обладают представители групп антиаритмиков (IA, IC и III класса), антипсихотиков, антидепрессантов, антибиотиков (макролиды и фторхинолоны), антигистаминных средств, противоопухолевых и противогрибковых препаратов, прокинетиков, гиполипидемических средств и диуретиков, исключая калийсберегающие. Осведомленность и адекватная оценка потенциальной QT-удлиняющей способности препарата, назначаемого пациенту, мониторирование и коррекция факторов, определяющих и повышающих риск лекарственно-обусловленного удлинения интервала QT, мониторирование электрокардиограммы, а также полная отмена всех препаратов, потенциально вызывающих удлинение интервала QT, при развитии лекарственно-индуцированного удлинения интервала QTс – важнейшие лечебно-профилактические мероприятия, позволяющие предотвратить или купировать аритмогенные эффекты лекарственных средств.
Ключевые слова: удлинение интервала QT, лекарственно-индуцированное удлинение интервала QT, побочные эффекты лекарственных средств, тахикардия типа «пируэт», внезапная сердечная смерть, антипсихотики, антидепрессанты, антиаритмики, макролиды, противоопухолевые препараты.
Ключевые слова: удлинение интервала QT, лекарственно-индуцированное удлинение интервала QT, побочные эффекты лекарственных средств, тахикардия типа «пируэт», внезапная сердечная смерть, антипсихотики, антидепрессанты, антиаритмики, макролиды, противоопухолевые препараты.
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QT interval prolongation is associated with an increased risk of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias (including polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, also called torsades de pointes) and sudden cardiac death. One of the most common causes of acquired QT interval prolongation is the effect of certain drugs. To date, almost all existing drug groups have representatives with QT-lengthening effect, the realization of which, especially when combined with the socalled risk factors for QTс lengthening (modifiable – bradycardia, electrolyte abnormalities, drug interactions, overdose of QT-lengthening drugs and non-modifiable – female gender, older age, hereditary conditionality, the presence of structural heart disease, liver and/or kidney disease), leads to the development of clinically significant manifestations and complications associated with QTс prolongation, including fatal. Most pronounced QT-lengthening effect has representatives of anti-arrhythmics (IA, IC and class III), antipsychotics, antidepressants, antibiotics (macrolides and fluoroquinolones), antihistamines, anticancer and antifungal agents, prokinetics, lipid lowering drugs and diuretics, excluding potassium-sparing. Awareness and adequate assessment of the potential QTс prolongation ability of a drug administered to a patient, monitoring and correction of factors that determine and increase the risk of drug-related of the QTс prolongation, ECG monitoring, as well as the complete elimination of all drugs that potentially cause the QT interval prolongation, – the most important therapeutic and prophylactic measures to prevent or to stop the arrhythmogenic drugs effects.
Key words: QT interval prolongation, drug-induced QT interval prolongation, adverse drugs reactions, torsades de pointes, sudden cardiac death, antipsychotics, antidepressants, antiarrhythmics, macrolides, anticancer drugs.
Key words: QT interval prolongation, drug-induced QT interval prolongation, adverse drugs reactions, torsades de pointes, sudden cardiac death, antipsychotics, antidepressants, antiarrhythmics, macrolides, anticancer drugs.
Полный текст
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Авторы
О.Д. Остроумова*1,2, И.В. Голобородова1
1 ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И. Евдокимова» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия;
2 ФГБОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия
*ostroumova.olga@mail.ru
1 ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И. Евдокимова» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия;
2 ФГБОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия
*ostroumova.olga@mail.ru
________________________________________________
Olga D. Ostroumova*1,2, Irina V. Goloborodova1
1 Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia;
2 Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
*ostroumova.olga@mail.ru
1 Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia;
2 Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
*ostroumova.olga@mail.ru
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