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Клиническое значение органопротективных свойств антигипертензивных препаратов в новых рекомендациях по артериальной гипертонии: возможности антагонистов кальция и диуретиков
Кочетков А.И., Остроумова О.Д. Клиническое значение органопротективных свойств антигипертензивных препаратов в новых рекомендациях по артериальной гипертонии: возможности антагонистов кальция и диуретиков. Consilium Medicum. 2019; 21 (5): 11–18. DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2019.5.190417
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Kochetkov A.I., Ostroumova O.D. The clinical implication of the target organ protective properties of antihypertensive drugs in new guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the benefit of calcium channel blockers and diuretics. Consilium Medicum. 2019; 21 (5): 11–18. DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2019.5.190417
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Аннотация
На сегодняшний день общепризнанным и доказанным фактом является важнейшая клинико-прогностическая значимость поражения органов, обусловленного артериальной гипертонией (АГ), а также необходимость коррекции этих структурно-функциональных нарушений с помощью антигипертензивных препаратов. В обновленных Европейских и Российских рекомендациях по диагностике и лечению АГ вновь обращается особое внимание на высокую распространенность данного заболевания. Кроме того, в этих документах подчеркивается приоритетность комбинированной антигипертензивной терапии, включающей в себя помимо блокаторов ренин-ангиотензин-альдостероновой системы антагонисты кальция и диуретики как терапии 1-й линии, показанной к назначению большинству пациентов с АГ. В фокусе рекомендаций также находится важность поражения органов-мишеней в качестве фактора, обусловливающего существенное увеличение бремени сердечно-сосудистого риска для пациента и играющего одну из основополагающих прогностических ролей в развитии фатальных и нефатальных осложнений. В этой связи целесообразно указать на мощные органопротективные свойства тиазидоподобного диуретика индапамида и дигидропиридинового антагониста кальция нитрендипина и их уникальные фармакологические свойства, выгодно выделяющие каждый из данных антигипертензивных препаратов внутри своего класса и позволяющие обеспечить защиту всех органов-мишеней АГ. Результаты рандомизированных клинических исследований не только свидетельствуют о способности индапамида и нитрендипина предотвращать развитие поражения органов-мишеней, но и демонстрируют их высокий потенциал в регрессе таких нарушений, вызванных АГ, что в свою очередь позволяет говорить о снижении сердечно-сосудистого риска и улучшении прогноза для пациента на фоне применения данных препаратов и расширяет возможности практикующих врачей в органопротекции при антигипертензивной терапии.
Ключевые слова: артериальная гипертония, рекомендации, поражение органов, обусловленное гипертонией, сердечно-сосудистый риск, индапамид, нитрендипин.
Ключевые слова: артериальная гипертония, рекомендации, поражение органов, обусловленное гипертонией, сердечно-сосудистый риск, индапамид, нитрендипин.
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It is well-known and proven that hypertension-mediated organ damage is about high clinical importance and prognostic significance as well as these end-organ structural and functional impairment are required to be reversed or delayed by antihypertensive treatment. Updated European and Russian guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension once again pay attention to the high prevalence of this disease. These documents also emphasize the priority of combination antihypertensive treatment, which includes, in addition to renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers, calcium channel antagonists and diuretics, as a first-line therapy, indicated for the most patients with hypertension. The recommendations also highlight importance of target-organ damage as a factor contributing to an extremely increase in burden of cardiovascular risk for the patient and playing one of the fundamental prognostic roles in the development of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events. In this regard, it is reasonable to stress the powerful target-organ protective potential of the thiazide-like diuretic indapamide and the calcium channel blocker nitrendipine and their unique pharmacological properties, which favorably distinguish each of these antihypertensive drugs within their class and are provided the protection of all hypertension end-organs. The data from randomized clinical trials indicate not only the ability of indapamide and nitrendipine to prevent the development of target-organ damage, but also demonstrate their high potential in reversing such impairment caused by hypertension, which in turn suggests a reduction in cardiovascular risk and improved prognosis for patient during using of these drugs and expands the capabilities of physicians in target-organ protection with antihypertensive treatment.
Key words: arterial hypertension, guidelines, hypertension-mediated organ damage, cardiovascular risk, indapamide, nitrendipine.
Key words: arterial hypertension, guidelines, hypertension-mediated organ damage, cardiovascular risk, indapamide, nitrendipine.
Полный текст
Список литературы
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2. Чазова И.Е., Жернакова Ю.В. от имени экспертов. Клинические рекомендации. Диагностика и лечение артериальной гипертонии. Системные гипертензии. 2019; 16 (1): 6–31. DOI: 10.26442/2075082X.2019.1.190179
[Chazova I.E., Zhernakova Yu.V. on behalf of the experts. Clinical guidelines. Diagnosis and treatment of arterial hypertension. Systemic Hypertension. 2019; 16 (1): 6–31. DOI: 10.26442/2075082X.2019.1.190179 (in Russian)]
3. Kannel WB. Left ventricular hypertrophy as a risk factor in arterial hypertension. Eur Heart J 1992; 13 (Suppl. D): 82–8. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/13.suppl_D.82
4. Stevens SM, Reinier K, Chugh SS. Increased left ventricular mass as a predictor of sudden cardiac death: is it time to put it to the test? Circ: Arrhythmia Electrophysiology 2013; 6 (1): 212–7. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCEP.112.974931
5. Levy D, Garrison RJ, Savage DD et al. Prognostic implications of echocardiographically determined left ventricular mass in the Framingham Heart Study. N Engl J Med 1990; 322: 1561–6. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199005313222203
6. Koren MJ, Devereux RB, Casale PN et al. Relation of left ventricular mass and geometry to morbidity and mortality in uncomplicated essential hypertension. Ann Intern Med 1991; 114: 345–52. DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-114-5-345
7. Bombelli M, Facchetti R, Carugo S et al. Left ventricular hypertrophy increases cardiovascular risk independently of in-office and out-of-office blood pressure values. J Hypertens 2009; 27 (12): 2458–64. DOI: 10.1097/HJH.0b013e328330b845
8. Bouzas-Mosquera A, Broullón FJ, Álvarez-García N et al. Association of Left Ventricular Mass with All-Cause Mortality, Myocardial Infarction and Stroke. PLoS ONE 2012; 7 (9): e45570. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045570
9. Nepper-Christensen L, Lønborg J, Ahtarovski KA et al. Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Is Associated With Increased Infarct Size and Decreased Myocardial Salvage in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6 (1). PII: e004823. DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.116.004823
10. De Simone G, Gottdiener JS, Chinali M et al. Left ventricular mass predicts heart failure not related to previous myocardial infarction: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Eur Heart J 2008; 29 (6): 741–7. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehm605
11. Gradman AH, Alfayoumi F. Fr om left ventricular hypertrophy to congestive heart failure: management of hypertensive heart disease. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2006; 48 (5): 326–41. DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2006.02.001
12. Chrispin J, Jain A, Soliman EZ et al. Association of electrocardiographic and imaging surrogates of left ventricular hypertrophy with incident atrial fibrillation: MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis). J Am Coll Cardiol 2014; 63 (19): 2007–13. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.01.066
13. Chatterjee S, Bavishi C, Sardar P et al. Meta-analysis of left ventricular hypertrophy and sustained arrhythmias. Am J Cardiol 2014; 114 (7): 1049–52. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2014.07.015
14. Proietti M, Marra AM, Tassone EJ et al. Frequency of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation. Am J Cardiol 2015; 116 (6): 877–82. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2015.05.060
15. Bots ML, Nikitin Y, Salonen JT et al. Left ventricular hypertrophy and risk of fatal and non-fatal stroke. EUROSTROKE: a collaborative study among research centres in Europe. J Epidemiol Community Health 2002; 56 (Suppl. 1): i8–i13.
16. Verdecchia P, Angeli F, Gattobigio R et al. Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy and prevention of stroke in hypertensive subjects. Am J Hypertens 2006; 19 (5): 493–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjhyper.2005.10.018
17. Selvetella G, Notte A, Maffei A et al. Left ventricular hypertrophy is associated with asymptomatic cerebral damage in hypertensive patients. Stroke 2003; 34 (7): 1766–70. DOI: 10.1161/01.STR.0000078310.98444.1D
18. Paoletti E, De Nicola L, Gabbai FB et al. Associations of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Geometry with Adverse Outcomes in Patients with CKD and Hypertension. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 11 (2): 271–9. DOI: 10.2215/CJN.06980615
19. Monfared A, Salari A, Mirbolok F et al. Left ventricular hypertrophy and microalbuminuria in patients with essential hypertension. Iran J Kidney Dis 2013; 7 (3): 192–7.
20. Nabbaale J, Kibirige D, Ssekasanvu E et al. Microalbuminuria and left ventricular hypertrophy among newly diagnosed black African hypertensive patients: a cross sectional study from a tertiary hospital in Uganda. BMC Res Notes 2015; 8: 198. DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1156-2
21. Shi HT, Wang XJ, Li J et al. Association of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy With a Faster Rate of Renal Function Decline in Elderly Patients With Non‐End‐Stage Renal Disease. J Am Heart Association 2015; 4 (11): e002213. DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.115.002213
22. Boutouyrie P, Tropeano AI, Asmar R et al. Aortic stiffness is an independent predictor of primary coronary events in hypertensive patients: a longitudinal study. Hypertension 2002; 39 (1): 10–5.
23. Laurent S, Boutouyrie P, Asmar R et al. Aortic stiffness is an independent predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in hypertensive patients. Hypertension 2001; 37 (5): 1236–41.
24. Verdecchia P, Schillaci G, Borgioni C et al. Ambulatory pulse pressure: a potent predictor of total cardiovascular risk in hypertension. Hypertension 1998; 32 (6): 983–8. DOI: 10.1161/01.HYP.32.6.983
25. Domanski MJ, Davis BR, Pfeffer MA el al. Isolated systolic hypertension: prognostic information provided by pulse pressure. Hypertension 1999; 34 (3): 375–80. DOI: 10.1161/01.HYP.34.3.375
26. Fernández-Escribano Hernández M, Suárez Fernández C, Sáez Vaquero T et al. Relationship between pulse pressure and clinical cardiovascular damage in elderly subjects of EPICARDIAN study. Rev Clin Esp 2007; 207 (6): 284–90.
27. Benetos A, Safar M, Rudnichi A et al. Pulse pressure: a predictor of long-term cardiovascular mortality in a French male population. Hypertension 1997; 30 (6): 1410–5. DOI: 10.1161/01.HYP.30.6.1410
28. Samuelsson O. Hypertension in middle- aged men: management, morbidity and prognostic factors during long-term hypertensive care. Acta Med Scand 1985; 702 (Suppl.): 1–79.
29. Сорокин Е.В. Сердечно-сосудистые заболевания, микроальбуминурия и статины: ожидается ли новый прорыв? РМЖ. 2010; 22: 1327.
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[Preobrazhenskii D.V., Sidorenko B.A., Shatunova I.M. et al. Tiazidnye i tiazidopodobnye diuretiki kak kraeugol'nyi kamen' sovremennoi antigipertenzivnoi terapii. Ros. kardiol. zhurn. 2004; 9 (4): 5–13 (in Russian).]
31. Gosse P, Sheridan DJ, Zannad F et al. Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive patients treated with indapamide SR 1.5 mg versus enalapril 20 mg: the LIVE study. J Hypertens 2000; 18 (10): 1465–75. DOI: 10.1097/00004872-200018100-00015
32. Ferreira Filho C, Abreu LC, Valenti VE et al. Anti-hypertensive drugs have different effects on ventricular hypertrophy regression. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2010; 65 (7): 723–8. DOI: 10.1590/S1807-59322010000700012
33. Janega P, Kojsová S, Jendeková L et al. Indapamide-induced prevention of myocardial fibrosis in spontaneous hypertension rats is not nitric oxide-related. Physiol Res 2007; 56 (6): 825–8.
34. PATS Collaborating Group. Post-stroke antihypertensive treatment study. A preliminary result. Chin Med J (Engl) 1995; 108 (9): 710–7.
35. Tzourio C, Anderson C, Chapman N et al. Effects of blood pressure lowering with perindopril and indapamide therapy on dementia and cognitive decline in patients with cerebrovascular disease. Arch Intern Med 2003; 163 (9): 1069–75. DOI: 10.1001/archinte.163.9.1069
36. Chen P, Chaugai S, Zhao F, Wang DW. Cardioprotective Effect of Thiazide-Like Diuretics: A Meta-Analysis. Am J Hypertens 2015; 28 (12): 1453–63. DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpv050
37. Lu M, Ma L, Wang X et al. Indapamide suppresses amyloid-b production in cellular models of Alzheimer’s disease through regulating BACE1 activity. Int J Clin Exp Med 2017; 10 (4): 5922–30.
38. Chillon JM, Baumbach GL. Effects of indapamide, a thiazide-like diuretic, on structure of cerebral arterioles in hypertensive rats. Hypertension 2004; 43 (5): 1092–7. DOI:10.1161/01.HYP.0000122874.21730.81
39. Sassard J, Bataillard A, McIntyre H. An overview of the pharmacology and clinical efficacy of indapamide sustained release. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2005; 19 (6): 637–45. DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2005.00377.x
40. Mironneau J. Indapamide-induced inhibition of calcium movement in smooth muscles. Am J Med 1988; 84 (1B): 10–4. DOI: 10.1016/0002-9343(88)90806-6
41. Marre M, Puig JG, Kokot F et al. Equivalence of indapamide SR and enalapril on microalbuminuria reduction in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes: the NESTOR Study. J Hypertens 2004; 22 (8): 1613–22. DOI: 10.1097/01.hjh.0000133733.32125.09
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[Statsenko M.E., Belenkova S.V., Shcherbakova T.G., Sporova O.E. Effektivnost' i bezopasnost' dlitel'noi terapii indapom u bol'nykh pozhilogo i starcheskogo vozrasta s arterial'noi gipertenziei. Ros. kardiol. zhurn. 2009; 4: 49–54. DOI: 10.15829/1560-4071-2009-4-49-54 (in Russian)]
43. Staessen JA, Fagard R, Thijs L et al. Randomised double-blind comparison of placebo and active treatment for older patients with isolated systolic hypertension. The Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) Trial Investigators. Lancet 1997; 350 (9080): 757–64. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)05381-6
44. Forette F, Seux ML, Staessen JA et al. Prevention of dementia in randomized double-blind placebo-controlled Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) trial. Lancet 1998; 352 (9137): 1347–51. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)03086-4
45. Forette F, Seux M-L, Staessen JA et al. The prevention of dementia with antihypertensive treatment: new evidence from the Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) study. Arch Intern Med 2002; 162 (18): 2046–52. DOI: 10.1001/archinte.162.18.2046
46. Liu L, Wang JG, Gong L et al. Comparison of active treatment and placebo for older Chinese patients with isolated systolic hypertension. Systolic Hypertension in China (Syst-China) Collaborative Group. J Hypertens 1998; 16 (12 Pt 1): 1823–9. DOI: 10.1097/00004872-199816120-00016
47. Voyaki SM, Staessen JA, Thijs L et al. Follow-up of renal function in treated and untreated older patients with isolated systolic hypertension. Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) Trial Investigators. J Hypertens 2001; 19 (3): 511–9. DOI: 10.1097/00004872-200103000-00020
48. Сыров А.В., Стуров Н.В. Пациент старческого возраста с артериальной гипертензией на амбулаторном приеме. Клин. геронтология. 2018; 3–4: 28–34. DOI: 10.26347/1607-2499201803-04028-034
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49. Bachmeier C, Beaulieu-Abdelahad D, Mullan M et al. Selective dihydropyiridine compounds facilitate the clearance of b-amyloid across the blood-brain barrier. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 659 (2–3): 124–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.03.048
50. Paris D, Bachmeier C, Patel N et al. Selective antihypertensive dihydropyridines lower Ab accumulation by targeting both the production and the clearance of Ab across the blood-brain barrier. Mol Med 2011; 17 (3–4): 149–62. DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2010.00180
51. Machnig T, Henneke KH, Engels G et al. Nitrendipine vs. captopril in essential hypertension: effects on circadian blood pressure and left ventricular hypertrophy. Cardiology 1994; 85 (2): 101–10. DOI: 10.1159/000176657
52. Kobrin I, Waksman R, Mekler J et al. Nitrendipine prevents the development of cardiac hypertrophy in DOCA-salt-treated hypertension-prone (SBH) and -resistant (SBN) rats through nonhemodynamic mechanisms. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1988; 12 (Suppl. 4): S125–8.
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________________________________________________
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7. Bombelli M, Facchetti R, Carugo S et al. Left ventricular hypertrophy increases cardiovascular risk independently of in-office and out-of-office blood pressure values. J Hypertens 2009; 27 (12): 2458–64. DOI: 10.1097/HJH.0b013e328330b845
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10. De Simone G, Gottdiener JS, Chinali M et al. Left ventricular mass predicts heart failure not related to previous myocardial infarction: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Eur Heart J 2008; 29 (6): 741–7. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehm605
11. Gradman AH, Alfayoumi F. Fr om left ventricular hypertrophy to congestive heart failure: management of hypertensive heart disease. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2006; 48 (5): 326–41. DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2006.02.001
12. Chrispin J, Jain A, Soliman EZ et al. Association of electrocardiographic and imaging surrogates of left ventricular hypertrophy with incident atrial fibrillation: MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis). J Am Coll Cardiol 2014; 63 (19): 2007–13. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.01.066
13. Chatterjee S, Bavishi C, Sardar P et al. Meta-analysis of left ventricular hypertrophy and sustained arrhythmias. Am J Cardiol 2014; 114 (7): 1049–52. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2014.07.015
14. Proietti M, Marra AM, Tassone EJ et al. Frequency of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation. Am J Cardiol 2015; 116 (6): 877–82. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2015.05.060
15. Bots ML, Nikitin Y, Salonen JT et al. Left ventricular hypertrophy and risk of fatal and non-fatal stroke. EUROSTROKE: a collaborative study among research centres in Europe. J Epidemiol Community Health 2002; 56 (Suppl. 1): i8–i13.
16. Verdecchia P, Angeli F, Gattobigio R et al. Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy and prevention of stroke in hypertensive subjects. Am J Hypertens 2006; 19 (5): 493–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjhyper.2005.10.018
17. Selvetella G, Notte A, Maffei A et al. Left ventricular hypertrophy is associated with asymptomatic cerebral damage in hypertensive patients. Stroke 2003; 34 (7): 1766–70. DOI: 10.1161/01.STR.0000078310.98444.1D
18. Paoletti E, De Nicola L, Gabbai FB et al. Associations of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Geometry with Adverse Outcomes in Patients with CKD and Hypertension. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 11 (2): 271–9. DOI: 10.2215/CJN.06980615
19. Monfared A, Salari A, Mirbolok F et al. Left ventricular hypertrophy and microalbuminuria in patients with essential hypertension. Iran J Kidney Dis 2013; 7 (3): 192–7.
20. Nabbaale J, Kibirige D, Ssekasanvu E et al. Microalbuminuria and left ventricular hypertrophy among newly diagnosed black African hypertensive patients: a cross sectional study from a tertiary hospital in Uganda. BMC Res Notes 2015; 8: 198. DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1156-2
21. Shi HT, Wang XJ, Li J et al. Association of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy With a Faster Rate of Renal Function Decline in Elderly Patients With Non‐End‐Stage Renal Disease. J Am Heart Association 2015; 4 (11): e002213. DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.115.002213
22. Boutouyrie P, Tropeano AI, Asmar R et al. Aortic stiffness is an independent predictor of primary coronary events in hypertensive patients: a longitudinal study. Hypertension 2002; 39 (1): 10–5.
23. Laurent S, Boutouyrie P, Asmar R et al. Aortic stiffness is an independent predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in hypertensive patients. Hypertension 2001; 37 (5): 1236–41.
24. Verdecchia P, Schillaci G, Borgioni C et al. Ambulatory pulse pressure: a potent predictor of total cardiovascular risk in hypertension. Hypertension 1998; 32 (6): 983–8. DOI: 10.1161/01.HYP.32.6.983
25. Domanski MJ, Davis BR, Pfeffer MA el al. Isolated systolic hypertension: prognostic information provided by pulse pressure. Hypertension 1999; 34 (3): 375–80. DOI: 10.1161/01.HYP.34.3.375
26. Fernández-Escribano Hernández M, Suárez Fernández C, Sáez Vaquero T et al. Relationship between pulse pressure and clinical cardiovascular damage in elderly subjects of EPICARDIAN study. Rev Clin Esp 2007; 207 (6): 284–90.
27. Benetos A, Safar M, Rudnichi A et al. Pulse pressure: a predictor of long-term cardiovascular mortality in a French male population. Hypertension 1997; 30 (6): 1410–5. DOI: 10.1161/01.HYP.30.6.1410
28. Samuelsson O. Hypertension in middle- aged men: management, morbidity and prognostic factors during long-term hypertensive care. Acta Med Scand 1985; 702 (Suppl.): 1–79.
29. Sorokin E.V. Serdechno-sosudistye zabolevaniia, mikroal'buminuriia i statiny: ozhidaetsia li novyi proryv? RMZh. 2010; 22: 1327 (in Russian).
30. Preobrazhenskii D.V., Sidorenko B.A., Shatunova I.M. et al. Tiazidnye i tiazidopodobnye diuretiki kak kraeugol'nyi kamen' sovremennoi antigipertenzivnoi terapii. Ros. kardiol. zhurn. 2004; 9 (4): 5–13 (in Russian).
31. Gosse P, Sheridan DJ, Zannad F et al. Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive patients treated with indapamide SR 1.5 mg versus enalapril 20 mg: the LIVE study. J Hypertens 2000; 18 (10): 1465–75. DOI: 10.1097/00004872-200018100-00015
32. Ferreira Filho C, Abreu LC, Valenti VE et al. Anti-hypertensive drugs have different effects on ventricular hypertrophy regression. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2010; 65 (7): 723–8. DOI: 10.1590/S1807-59322010000700012
33. Janega P, Kojsová S, Jendeková L et al. Indapamide-induced prevention of myocardial fibrosis in spontaneous hypertension rats is not nitric oxide-related. Physiol Res 2007; 56 (6): 825–8.
34. PATS Collaborating Group. Post-stroke antihypertensive treatment study. A preliminary result. Chin Med J (Engl) 1995; 108 (9): 710–7.
35. Tzourio C, Anderson C, Chapman N et al. Effects of blood pressure lowering with perindopril and indapamide therapy on dementia and cognitive decline in patients with cerebrovascular disease. Arch Intern Med 2003; 163 (9): 1069–75. DOI: 10.1001/archinte.163.9.1069
36. Chen P, Chaugai S, Zhao F, Wang DW. Cardioprotective Effect of Thiazide-Like Diuretics: A Meta-Analysis. Am J Hypertens 2015; 28 (12): 1453–63. DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpv050
37. Lu M, Ma L, Wang X et al. Indapamide suppresses amyloid-b production in cellular models of Alzheimer’s disease through regulating BACE1 activity. Int J Clin Exp Med 2017; 10 (4): 5922–30.
38. Chillon JM, Baumbach GL. Effects of indapamide, a thiazide-like diuretic, on structure of cerebral arterioles in hypertensive rats. Hypertension 2004; 43 (5): 1092–7. DOI:10.1161/01.HYP.0000122874.21730.81
39. Sassard J, Bataillard A, McIntyre H. An overview of the pharmacology and clinical efficacy of indapamide sustained release. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2005; 19 (6): 637–45. DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2005.00377.x
40. Mironneau J. Indapamide-induced inhibition of calcium movement in smooth muscles. Am J Med 1988; 84 (1B): 10–4. DOI: 10.1016/0002-9343(88)90806-6
41. Marre M, Puig JG, Kokot F et al. Equivalence of indapamide SR and enalapril on microalbuminuria reduction in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes: the NESTOR Study. J Hypertens 2004; 22 (8): 1613–22. DOI: 10.1097/01.hjh.0000133733.32125.09
42. Statsenko M.E., Belenkova S.V., Shcherbakova T.G., Sporova O.E. Effektivnost' i bezopasnost' dlitel'noi terapii indapom u bol'nykh pozhilogo i starcheskogo vozrasta s arterial'noi gipertenziei. Ros. kardiol. zhurn. 2009; 4: 49–54. DOI: 10.15829/1560-4071-2009-4-49-54 (in Russian)
43. Staessen JA, Fagard R, Thijs L et al. Randomised double-blind comparison of placebo and active treatment for older patients with isolated systolic hypertension. The Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) Trial Investigators. Lancet 1997; 350 (9080): 757–64. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)05381-6
44. Forette F, Seux ML, Staessen JA et al. Prevention of dementia in randomized double-blind placebo-controlled Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) trial. Lancet 1998; 352 (9137): 1347–51. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)03086-4
45. Forette F, Seux M-L, Staessen JA et al. The prevention of dementia with antihypertensive treatment: new evidence from the Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) study. Arch Intern Med 2002; 162 (18): 2046–52. DOI: 10.1001/archinte.162.18.2046
46. Liu L, Wang JG, Gong L et al. Comparison of active treatment and placebo for older Chinese patients with isolated systolic hypertension. Systolic Hypertension in China (Syst-China) Collaborative Group. J Hypertens 1998; 16 (12 Pt 1): 1823–9. DOI: 10.1097/00004872-199816120-00016
47. Voyaki SM, Staessen JA, Thijs L et al. Follow-up of renal function in treated and untreated older patients with isolated systolic hypertension. Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) Trial Investigators. J Hypertens 2001; 19 (3): 511–9. DOI: 10.1097/00004872-200103000-00020
48. Syrov A.V., Sturov N.V. Patsient starcheskogo vozrasta s arterial'noi gipertenziei na ambulatornom prieme. Klin. gerontologiia. 2018; 3–4: 28–34. DOI: 10.26347/1607-2499201803-04028-034 (in Russian)
49. Bachmeier C, Beaulieu-Abdelahad D, Mullan M et al. Selective dihydropyiridine compounds facilitate the clearance of b-amyloid across the blood-brain barrier. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 659 (2–3): 124–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.03.048
50. Paris D, Bachmeier C, Patel N et al. Selective antihypertensive dihydropyridines lower Ab accumulation by targeting both the production and the clearance of Ab across the blood-brain barrier. Mol Med 2011; 17 (3–4): 149–62. DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2010.00180
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Авторы
А.И. Кочетков1, О.Д. Остроумова*1,2
1 ОСП «Российский геронтологический научно-клинический центр» ФГБОУ ВО «РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия;
2 ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет), Москва, Россия
*ostroumova.olga@mail.ru
1 ОСП «Российский геронтологический научно-клинический центр» ФГБОУ ВО «РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия;
2 ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет), Москва, Россия
*ostroumova.olga@mail.ru
________________________________________________
Aleksei I. Kochetkov1, Olga D. Ostroumova*1,2
1 Russian Clinical and Research Center of Gerontology, leading department of Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
2 I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia1 Russian Clinical and Research Center of Gerontology, leading department of Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
*ostroumova.olga@mail.ru
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