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Воспалительные заболевания органов малого таза: состояние проблемы
Воспалительные заболевания органов малого таза: состояние проблемы
Кузнецов Р.Э., Скрипченко Д.В. Воспалительные заболевания органов малого таза: состояние проблемы. Consilium Medicum. 2019; 21 (6): 63–67. DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2019.6.190565
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Аннотация
Воспалительные заболевания органов малого таза (ВЗОМТ) составляют не менее 60% в структуре гинекологической заболеваемости. Актуальность проблемы индивидуализированного ведения больных с ВЗОМТ обусловлена не только существенными экономическими затратами, связанными с обследованием и лечением больных, но и высокой частотой осложнений, таких как бесплодие, эктопическая беременность, синдром хронических тазовых болей, генерализация воспалительного процесса вплоть до развития сепсиса. Современные особенности клинического течения заболевания обусловливают сложность своевременной диагностики ВЗОМТ. В статье представлен анализ литературы, посвященной факторам риска, особенностям клиники, диагностики и лечения ВЗОМТ.
Ключевые слова: воспалительные заболевания органов малого таза, осложнения, принципы терапии.
Ключевые слова: воспалительные заболевания органов малого таза, осложнения, принципы терапии.
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Pelvic inflammatory diseases (PID) is the most common nosology in the structure of gynecological morbidity. The urgency of the problem is due not only to high economic costs associated with the examination and treatment, but also to a high incidence of complications such as infertility, ectopic pregnancy, chronic pelvic pain, generalization of the inflammatory process until the development of sepsis. Modern features of clinical presentation makes it difficult to diagnose PID in time. The article presents a literature review of risk factors, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of PID.
Key words: pelvic inflammatory diseases, complications, principles of therapy.
Key words: pelvic inflammatory diseases, complications, principles of therapy.
Полный текст
Список литературы
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[Obstetrics and gynecology. Ed. by V.N.Serov, G.T.Sukhikh. Ed. 4th, rev. and ext., Moscow: GEOTAR-Media, 2014 (in Russian).]
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[Gopchuk E.N. Vospalitel'nye zabolevaniia organov malogo taza. Zdorov'e zhenshchiny. 2015; 8: 159 (in Russian).]
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[Utkin E.V., Kulavskiy V.A. Inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs in women. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media, 2015 (in Russian).]
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[Dolgushina V.F., Shishkova Iu.S., Grafova E.D. et al. Infektsionnaia patologiia vlagalishcha i sheiki matki u zhenshchin so spontannymi prezhdevremennymi rodami. Ural. med. zhurn. 2017; 1: 62–4 (in Russian).]
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[Chaunin A.V. Gnoinye vospalitel'nye zabolevaniia pridatkov matki u zhenshchin reproduktivnogo vozrasta: diagnostika, sovremennye printsipy lecheniia. Avtoref. dis. ... kand. med. nauk. Omsk, 2010; p. 19–22 (in Russian).]
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10. Хаятова З.Б., Пекарев О.Г. Проблема воспалительных заболеваний органов малого таза у женщин репродуктивного возраста. Journal of Siberian Medical Sciences. 2011; 4: 3–10.
[Khaiatova Z.B., Pekarev O.G. Problema vospalitel'nykh zabolevanii organov malogo taza u zhenshchin reproduktivnogo vozrasta. Journal of Siberian Medical Sciences. 2011; 4: 3–10 (in Russian).]
11. Bugg CW, Taira T. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: Diagnosis And Treatment In The Emergency Department. Emerg Med Pract 2016; 18: 1–24.
12. Dewitt J, Reining A, Allsworth JE, Peipert JF. Tuboovarian abscesses: is size associated with duration of hospitalization & complications? Obstet Gynecol Int 2010; p. 1–5.
13. Kinay T, Unlubilgin E, Cirik DA et al. The value of ultrasonographic tubo-ovarian abscess morphology in predicting whether patients will require surgical treatment. Int J Gynecol Obs 2016; 135 (1): 77–81.
14. Kapustian V, Namazov A, Yaakov O et al. Is intrauterine device a risk factor for failure of conservative management in patients with tubo-ovarian abscess? An observational retrospective study. Arch Gynecol Obs 2018; 297 (5): 1201–4.
15. Straub T, Reynaud M, Yaron M. Intrauterine device and pelvic inflammatory disease: Myth or reality? Gynecol Obstet Fertil Senol 2018; 46 (4): 414–8.
16. Güngördük K, Guzel E, Asicioğlu O et al. Experience of tubo-ovarian abscess in western Turkey. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2014; 124 (1): 45–50.
17. Kuo CF, Tsai SY, Liu TC et al. Clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients with tubo-ovarian abscess at a tertiary care hospital in Northern Taiwan. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2012; 45 (1): 58–64.
18. Patrelli TS, Franchi L, Gizzo S et al. Can the impact of pelvic inflammatory disease on fertility be prevented? Epidemiology, clinical features and surgical treatment: evolution over 8 years. J Reprod Med 2013, 58 (9–10): 425–33.
19. Karaca K, Ozkaya E, Kurek Eken M et al. Serum procalcitonin levels together with clinical features and inflammatory markers in women with tubo-ovarian abscess for discriminating requirements for surgery for full recovery. J Obstet Gynaecol 2018; 38 (6): 818–21.
20. Дикке Г.Б. Полимикробные ассоциации в этиологии воспалительных заболеваний половых органов у женщин. Акушерство и гинекология. 2017; 6: 151–8.
[Dikke G.B. Polimikrobnye assotsiatsii v etiologii vospalitel'nykh zabolevanii polovykh organov u zhenshchin. Akusherstvo i ginekologiia. 2017; 6: 151–8 (in Russian).]
21. Revzin MV, Mathur M, Dave HB et al. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: Multimodality Imaging Approach with Clinical-Pathologic Correlation. RadioGraphics 2016; 36 (5): 1579–96.
22. Lanjouw E, Ouburg S, de Vries HJ et al. Background review for the “2015 European guideline on the management of Chlamydia trachomatis infections”. Int J STD AIDS 2015; 86: 91–8.
23. Oakeshott P, Aghaizu A, Hay P et al. Is Mycoplasma genitalium in women the "New Chlamydia?" A community-based prospective cohort study. Clin Infect Dis 2010; 51: 1160–6.
24. Brunham RC, Gottlieb SL, Paavonen J. Pelvic inflammatory disease. N Engl J Med 2015; 372: 2039–48.
25. Hunanyan AR, Sidorova IS, Kogan EA. The role of the combination of HPV infection and chronic endometritis in the pathogenesis of endometrial cancer. StatusPraesens 2012; 3: 23–6.
26. Гинекология. Национальное руководство. Под ред. Г.М.Савельевой, Г.Т.Сухих, В.Н.Серова. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2019.
[Gynecology. National leadership. Ed. by G.M.Savelieva, G.T.Sukhikh, V.N.Serov. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media, 2019 (in Russian).]
27. Войновский Е.А., Гафуров Ю.Т., Евсюков O.A. и др. Воспалительные заболевания органов малого таза у ВИЧ-инфицированных больных. Мед. вестник МВД. 2014; 1: 44–8.
[Voinovskii E.A., Gafurov Iu.T., Evsiukov O.A. et al. Vospalitel'nye zabolevaniia organov malogo taza u VICh-infitsirovannykh bol'nykh. Med. vestnik MVD. 2014; 1: 44–8 (in Russian).]
28. Wang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Chen H. Characterization of pelvic and cervical microbiotas from patients with pelvic inflammatory disease. Med Microbiol 2018; 67 (10): 1519–26.
29. Czeyda-Pommersheim F, Kalb B, Costello J et al. MRI in pelvic inflammatory disease: a pictorial review. Abdominal Radiol 2016; 42 (3): 935–50.
30. Подзолкова Н.М. Патогенез, диагностика и лечение гнойных воспалительных заболеваний придатков матки. Дис. … д-ра мед. наук. М., 1993; с. 110–6.
[Podzolkova N.M. Patogenez, diagnostika i lechenie gnoinykh vospalitel'nykh zabolevanii pridatkov matki. Dis. … d-ra med. nauk. M., 1993; p. 110–6 (in Russian).]
31. Janas P, Kucybata I, Padon-Pokracka M, Huras H. Telocytes in female reproductive system: An overview of up-to-date knowledge. Adv Clin Exp Med 2018; 27: 559–65.
32. Varga I, Urban L, Kajanova M, Polak S. Functional histology and possible clinical significance of recently discovered telocytes inside the female reproductive system. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2016; 294: 417–22.
33. Yang J, Chi C, Liu Z et al. Ultrastructure damage of oviduct telocytes in rat model of acute salpingitis, J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19 (7): 1720–8.
34. Enciu AM, Popescu LM. Telopodes of telocytes are influenced in vitro by redox conditions and ageing. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 410 (1–2): 165–74.
35. Duarte R, Fuhrich D, Ross J. A review of antibiotic therapy for pelvic inflammatory disease. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2015; 46: 272–7.
36. Chappell CA, Wiesenfeld HC. Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management of Severe Pelvic Inflammatory Disease and Tuboovarian Abscess. Clin Obstet Gynecol 2012; 55 (4): 893–903.
37. Chu J, Harb HM, Gallos ID et al. Salpingostomy in the treatment of hydrosalpinx: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Human Rep 2015; 30 (8): 1882–95.
38. Lee MH, Moon MH, Sung CK et al. CT findings of acute pelvic inflammatory disease. Abdom Imag 2014; 39 (6): 1350–5.
39. Levenson RB, Camacho MA, Horn E et al. Eliminating routine oral contrast use for CT in the emergency department: impact on patient throughput and diagnosis. Emerg Radiol 2012; 19 (6): 513–7.
40. Sam JW, Jacobs JE, Birnbaum BA. Spectrum of CT findings in acute pyogenic pelvic inflammatory disease. RadioGraphics 2002; 22 (6): 1327–34.
[Obstetrics and gynecology. Ed. by V.N.Serov, G.T.Sukhikh. Ed. 4th, rev. and ext., Moscow: GEOTAR-Media, 2014 (in Russian).]
2. Ross J, Judlin P, Jensen J. European guideline for the management of pelvic inflammatory disease, International Union against sexually transmitted infections. Int J STD AIDS 2014; 25: 1–7.
3. Гопчук Е.Н. Воспалительные заболевания органов малого таза. Здоровье женщины. 2015; 8: 159.
[Gopchuk E.N. Vospalitel'nye zabolevaniia organov malogo taza. Zdorov'e zhenshchiny. 2015; 8: 159 (in Russian).]
4. Уткин Е.В., Кулавский В.А. Воспалительные заболевания органов малого таза у женщин. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2015.
[Utkin E.V., Kulavskiy V.A. Inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs in women. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media, 2015 (in Russian).]
5. Ozdemirci S, Demirdag E, Kasapoglu T et al. Obstetric outcome of second trimester antenatal bleeding. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2016; 4: 1–5.
6. Долгушина В.Ф., Шишкова Ю.С., Графова Е.Д. и др. Инфекционная патология влагалища и шейки матки у женщин со спонтанными преждевременными родами. Урал. мед. журн. 2017; 1: 62–4.
[Dolgushina V.F., Shishkova Iu.S., Grafova E.D. et al. Infektsionnaia patologiia vlagalishcha i sheiki matki u zhenshchin so spontannymi prezhdevremennymi rodami. Ural. med. zhurn. 2017; 1: 62–4 (in Russian).]
7. Чаунин А.В. Гнойные воспалительные заболевания придатков матки у женщин репродуктивного возраста: диагностика, современные принципы лечения. Автореф. дис. ... канд. мед. наук. Омск, 2010; с. 19–22.
[Chaunin A.V. Gnoinye vospalitel'nye zabolevaniia pridatkov matki u zhenshchin reproduktivnogo vozrasta: diagnostika, sovremennye printsipy lecheniia. Avtoref. dis. ... kand. med. nauk. Omsk, 2010; p. 19–22 (in Russian).]
8. Asemota OA, Girda E, Duenas O et al. Actinomycosis pelvic abscess after in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril 2013; 100 (2): 408–11.
9. Moralioğlu S, Ozen IO, Demiroğullari B, Başaklar AC. Pyosalpinx and hydrosalpinx in virginal adolescents: report of two cases. West Indian Med J 2013; 62 (3): 257–9.
10. Хаятова З.Б., Пекарев О.Г. Проблема воспалительных заболеваний органов малого таза у женщин репродуктивного возраста. Journal of Siberian Medical Sciences. 2011; 4: 3–10.
[Khaiatova Z.B., Pekarev O.G. Problema vospalitel'nykh zabolevanii organov malogo taza u zhenshchin reproduktivnogo vozrasta. Journal of Siberian Medical Sciences. 2011; 4: 3–10 (in Russian).]
11. Bugg CW, Taira T. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: Diagnosis And Treatment In The Emergency Department. Emerg Med Pract 2016; 18: 1–24.
12. Dewitt J, Reining A, Allsworth JE, Peipert JF. Tuboovarian abscesses: is size associated with duration of hospitalization & complications? Obstet Gynecol Int 2010; p. 1–5.
13. Kinay T, Unlubilgin E, Cirik DA et al. The value of ultrasonographic tubo-ovarian abscess morphology in predicting whether patients will require surgical treatment. Int J Gynecol Obs 2016; 135 (1): 77–81.
14. Kapustian V, Namazov A, Yaakov O et al. Is intrauterine device a risk factor for failure of conservative management in patients with tubo-ovarian abscess? An observational retrospective study. Arch Gynecol Obs 2018; 297 (5): 1201–4.
15. Straub T, Reynaud M, Yaron M. Intrauterine device and pelvic inflammatory disease: Myth or reality? Gynecol Obstet Fertil Senol 2018; 46 (4): 414–8.
16. Güngördük K, Guzel E, Asicioğlu O et al. Experience of tubo-ovarian abscess in western Turkey. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2014; 124 (1): 45–50.
17. Kuo CF, Tsai SY, Liu TC et al. Clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients with tubo-ovarian abscess at a tertiary care hospital in Northern Taiwan. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2012; 45 (1): 58–64.
18. Patrelli TS, Franchi L, Gizzo S et al. Can the impact of pelvic inflammatory disease on fertility be prevented? Epidemiology, clinical features and surgical treatment: evolution over 8 years. J Reprod Med 2013, 58 (9–10): 425–33.
19. Karaca K, Ozkaya E, Kurek Eken M et al. Serum procalcitonin levels together with clinical features and inflammatory markers in women with tubo-ovarian abscess for discriminating requirements for surgery for full recovery. J Obstet Gynaecol 2018; 38 (6): 818–21.
20. Дикке Г.Б. Полимикробные ассоциации в этиологии воспалительных заболеваний половых органов у женщин. Акушерство и гинекология. 2017; 6: 151–8.
[Dikke G.B. Polimikrobnye assotsiatsii v etiologii vospalitel'nykh zabolevanii polovykh organov u zhenshchin. Akusherstvo i ginekologiia. 2017; 6: 151–8 (in Russian).]
21. Revzin MV, Mathur M, Dave HB et al. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: Multimodality Imaging Approach with Clinical-Pathologic Correlation. RadioGraphics 2016; 36 (5): 1579–96.
22. Lanjouw E, Ouburg S, de Vries HJ et al. Background review for the “2015 European guideline on the management of Chlamydia trachomatis infections”. Int J STD AIDS 2015; 86: 91–8.
23. Oakeshott P, Aghaizu A, Hay P et al. Is Mycoplasma genitalium in women the "New Chlamydia?" A community-based prospective cohort study. Clin Infect Dis 2010; 51: 1160–6.
24. Brunham RC, Gottlieb SL, Paavonen J. Pelvic inflammatory disease. N Engl J Med 2015; 372: 2039–48.
25. Hunanyan AR, Sidorova IS, Kogan EA. The role of the combination of HPV infection and chronic endometritis in the pathogenesis of endometrial cancer. StatusPraesens 2012; 3: 23–6.
26. Гинекология. Национальное руководство. Под ред. Г.М.Савельевой, Г.Т.Сухих, В.Н.Серова. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2019.
[Gynecology. National leadership. Ed. by G.M.Savelieva, G.T.Sukhikh, V.N.Serov. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media, 2019 (in Russian).]
27. Войновский Е.А., Гафуров Ю.Т., Евсюков O.A. и др. Воспалительные заболевания органов малого таза у ВИЧ-инфицированных больных. Мед. вестник МВД. 2014; 1: 44–8.
[Voinovskii E.A., Gafurov Iu.T., Evsiukov O.A. et al. Vospalitel'nye zabolevaniia organov malogo taza u VICh-infitsirovannykh bol'nykh. Med. vestnik MVD. 2014; 1: 44–8 (in Russian).]
28. Wang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Chen H. Characterization of pelvic and cervical microbiotas from patients with pelvic inflammatory disease. Med Microbiol 2018; 67 (10): 1519–26.
29. Czeyda-Pommersheim F, Kalb B, Costello J et al. MRI in pelvic inflammatory disease: a pictorial review. Abdominal Radiol 2016; 42 (3): 935–50.
30. Подзолкова Н.М. Патогенез, диагностика и лечение гнойных воспалительных заболеваний придатков матки. Дис. … д-ра мед. наук. М., 1993; с. 110–6.
[Podzolkova N.M. Patogenez, diagnostika i lechenie gnoinykh vospalitel'nykh zabolevanii pridatkov matki. Dis. … d-ra med. nauk. M., 1993; p. 110–6 (in Russian).]
31. Janas P, Kucybata I, Padon-Pokracka M, Huras H. Telocytes in female reproductive system: An overview of up-to-date knowledge. Adv Clin Exp Med 2018; 27: 559–65.
32. Varga I, Urban L, Kajanova M, Polak S. Functional histology and possible clinical significance of recently discovered telocytes inside the female reproductive system. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2016; 294: 417–22.
33. Yang J, Chi C, Liu Z et al. Ultrastructure damage of oviduct telocytes in rat model of acute salpingitis, J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19 (7): 1720–8.
34. Enciu AM, Popescu LM. Telopodes of telocytes are influenced in vitro by redox conditions and ageing. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 410 (1–2): 165–74.
35. Duarte R, Fuhrich D, Ross J. A review of antibiotic therapy for pelvic inflammatory disease. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2015; 46: 272–7.
36. Chappell CA, Wiesenfeld HC. Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management of Severe Pelvic Inflammatory Disease and Tuboovarian Abscess. Clin Obstet Gynecol 2012; 55 (4): 893–903.
37. Chu J, Harb HM, Gallos ID et al. Salpingostomy in the treatment of hydrosalpinx: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Human Rep 2015; 30 (8): 1882–95.
38. Lee MH, Moon MH, Sung CK et al. CT findings of acute pelvic inflammatory disease. Abdom Imag 2014; 39 (6): 1350–5.
39. Levenson RB, Camacho MA, Horn E et al. Eliminating routine oral contrast use for CT in the emergency department: impact on patient throughput and diagnosis. Emerg Radiol 2012; 19 (6): 513–7.
40. Sam JW, Jacobs JE, Birnbaum BA. Spectrum of CT findings in acute pyogenic pelvic inflammatory disease. RadioGraphics 2002; 22 (6): 1327–34.
________________________________________________
2. Ross J, Judlin P, Jensen J. European guideline for the management of pelvic inflammatory disease, International Union against sexually transmitted infections. Int J STD AIDS 2014; 25: 1–7.
3. Gopchuk E.N. Vospalitel'nye zabolevaniia organov malogo taza. Zdorov'e zhenshchiny. 2015; 8: 159 (in Russian).
4. Utkin E.V., Kulavskiy V.A. Inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs in women. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media, 2015 (in Russian).
5. Ozdemirci S, Demirdag E, Kasapoglu T et al. Obstetric outcome of second trimester antenatal bleeding. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2016; 4: 1–5.
6. Dolgushina V.F., Shishkova Iu.S., Grafova E.D. et al. Infektsionnaia patologiia vlagalishcha i sheiki matki u zhenshchin so spontannymi prezhdevremennymi rodami. Ural. med. zhurn. 2017; 1: 62–4 (in Russian).
7. Chaunin A.V. Gnoinye vospalitel'nye zabolevaniia pridatkov matki u zhenshchin reproduktivnogo vozrasta: diagnostika, sovremennye printsipy lecheniia. Avtoref. dis. ... kand. med. nauk. Omsk, 2010; p. 19–22 (in Russian).
8. Asemota OA, Girda E, Duenas O et al. Actinomycosis pelvic abscess after in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril 2013; 100 (2): 408–11.
9. Moralioğlu S, Ozen IO, Demiroğullari B, Başaklar AC. Pyosalpinx and hydrosalpinx in virginal adolescents: report of two cases. West Indian Med J 2013; 62 (3): 257–9.
10. Khaiatova Z.B., Pekarev O.G. Problema vospalitel'nykh zabolevanii organov malogo taza u zhenshchin reproduktivnogo vozrasta. Journal of Siberian Medical Sciences. 2011; 4: 3–10 (in Russian).
11. Bugg CW, Taira T. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: Diagnosis And Treatment In The Emergency Department. Emerg Med Pract 2016; 18: 1–24.
12. Dewitt J, Reining A, Allsworth JE, Peipert JF. Tuboovarian abscesses: is size associated with duration of hospitalization & complications? Obstet Gynecol Int 2010; p. 1–5.
13. Kinay T, Unlubilgin E, Cirik DA et al. The value of ultrasonographic tubo-ovarian abscess morphology in predicting whether patients will require surgical treatment. Int J Gynecol Obs 2016; 135 (1): 77–81.
14. Kapustian V, Namazov A, Yaakov O et al. Is intrauterine device a risk factor for failure of conservative management in patients with tubo-ovarian abscess? An observational retrospective study. Arch Gynecol Obs 2018; 297 (5): 1201–4.
15. Straub T, Reynaud M, Yaron M. Intrauterine device and pelvic inflammatory disease: Myth or reality? Gynecol Obstet Fertil Senol 2018; 46 (4): 414–8.
16. Güngördük K, Guzel E, Asicioğlu O et al. Experience of tubo-ovarian abscess in western Turkey. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2014; 124 (1): 45–50.
17. Kuo CF, Tsai SY, Liu TC et al. Clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients with tubo-ovarian abscess at a tertiary care hospital in Northern Taiwan. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2012; 45 (1): 58–64.
18. Patrelli TS, Franchi L, Gizzo S et al. Can the impact of pelvic inflammatory disease on fertility be prevented? Epidemiology, clinical features and surgical treatment: evolution over 8 years. J Reprod Med 2013, 58 (9–10): 425–33.
19. Karaca K, Ozkaya E, Kurek Eken M et al. Serum procalcitonin levels together with clinical features and inflammatory markers in women with tubo-ovarian abscess for discriminating requirements for surgery for full recovery. J Obstet Gynaecol 2018; 38 (6): 818–21.
20. Dikke G.B. Polimikrobnye assotsiatsii v etiologii vospalitel'nykh zabolevanii polovykh organov u zhenshchin. Akusherstvo i ginekologiia. 2017; 6: 151–8 (in Russian).
21. Revzin MV, Mathur M, Dave HB et al. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: Multimodality Imaging Approach with Clinical-Pathologic Correlation. RadioGraphics 2016; 36 (5): 1579–96.
22. Lanjouw E, Ouburg S, de Vries HJ et al. Background review for the “2015 European guideline on the management of Chlamydia trachomatis infections”. Int J STD AIDS 2015; 86: 91–8.
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Авторы
Р.Э. Кузнецов*1,2, Д.В. Скрипченко1
1 ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия;
2 ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница им. С.П. Боткина» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы, Москва, Россия
*r.e.kuznetsov@yandex.ru
1 ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия;
2 ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница им. С.П. Боткина» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы, Москва, Россия
*r.e.kuznetsov@yandex.ru
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1 Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia;
2 Botkin City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia
*r.e.kuznetsov@yandex.ru
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